小麦条锈菌主要结构中糖基种类的细胞化学定位研究

用8种植物凝集素探针对小麦条锈菌主要结构中的糖基种类进行了细胞化学定位。电镜观察结果表明在菌丝和吸器母细胞壁中存在有α-葡萄糖或α-甘露糖、乙酰胺基葡萄糖、α-半乳糖、α-乙酰半乳糖、岩藻糖和β-连结的糖基,而隔膜中仅含α-葡萄糖或甘露糖和乙酰胺基葡萄糖基;在吸器颈壁中分布有α-葡萄糖或α-甘露糖;尽管吸器体壁中仅含乙酰胺基葡萄糖,而在吸器外间质中存在有半乳糖,乙酰半乳糖,α-葡萄糖或甘露糖等糖基。以上结果表明不同结构所含糖基种类并非一致。     

秤锤树属与长果安息香属植物的地理分布及其濒危现状

秤锤树属(SinojackiaHu)和长果安息香属(ChangiostyraxC.T.Chen)是安息香科的少种属,这两属在我国共记录有7个种。本文通过野外调查,分析了中国这两属植物的地理分布、濒危现状及其迁地保护状况。结果表明:秤锤树属植物地理分布较广,但是每个物种的居群数量和居群大小均很小。其中秤锤树(Sinojackiaxylocarpa)和狭果秤锤树(S.rehderiana)已经在其模式标本产地灭绝;棱果秤锤树(S.henryi)在过去的近70年内没有采到过标本,该物种可能存在同物异名现象或已经灭绝;细果秤锤树(S.microcarpa)由于人为破坏严重,居群大小急剧下降;肉果秤锤树(S.sarcocarpa)和怀化秤锤树(S.oblongicarpa)呈零星分布且个体数量很少,处于极濒危状态。另外本次调查发现秤锤树属的一个新的分类群(待鉴定种)。秤锤树属的大多数种和长果安息香属植物的居群更新能力差:虽然结果率较高,但是结籽率较低;坚硬的内果皮阻碍了种子的萌发,这是其居群更新的最大障碍;另外人为破坏对其居群更新的影响也较大。作者建议应该把秤锤树属的所有物种和长果安息香属植物都纳入保护的范围并讨论了这两属植物的保护策略。     

Comparing Protein Expression in Erwinia amylovora Strain TS3128 Cultured under Three Sets of Environmental Conditions

Erwinia amylovora, the causal agent of fire-blight disease in apple and pear trees, was first isolated in South Korea in 2015. Although numerous studies, including omics analyses, have been conducted on other strains of E. amylovora, studies on South Korean isolates remain limited. In this study, we conducted a comparative proteomic analysis of the strain TS3128, cultured in three media representing different growth conditions. Proteins related to virulence, type III secretion system, and amylovoran production, were more abundant under minimal conditions than in rich conditions. Additionally, various proteins associated with energy production, carbohydrate metabolism, cell wall/membrane/envelope biogenesis, and ion uptake were identified under minimal conditions. The strain TS3128 expresses these proteins to survive in harsh environments. These findings contribute to understanding the cellular mechanisms driving its adaptations to different environmental conditions and provide proteome profiles as reference for future studies on the virulence and adaptation mechanisms of South Korean strains.     

硕叶杜英,中国杜英科一新记录种

文章报道了产自中国云南杜英科杜英属一新记录种,硕叶杜英(Elaeocarpus grandifolius Kurz),并对硕叶杜英叶绿体基因组进行了测序和系统发育分析。该种与近缘种毛果杜英(Elaeocarpus rugosus)的区别是叶基部渐狭或下延,花瓣外部被锈色短柔毛,核果被锈色短柔毛,该种与水石榕(Elaeocarpus hainanensis)的区别是叶片长圆形或卵圆形,核果椭球形。     

铜绿假单胞菌对青霉素类抗生素异质性耐药研究

【背景】铜绿假单胞菌是临床上常见的条件致病菌,其异质性耐药的发生常导致临床治疗失败。【目的】研究铜绿假单胞菌对青霉素类抗生素的异质性耐药情况,为相关临床感染治疗提供一定的依据。【方法】收集临床分离的50株铜绿假单胞菌,采用纸片扩散法(diskdiffusion method)即Kirby-Bauer (K-B)法、菌落谱型分析(population analysis profile,PAP)法、生长实验以及传代稳定性实验探究铜绿假单胞菌的异质性耐药特征。【结果】K-B法初筛得到铜绿假单胞菌对哌拉西林(piperacillin,PIP)、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦(piperacillin/tazobactam,TZP)和替卡西林/克拉维酸(ticarcillin/clavulanic acid,TIM)的异质性耐药率分别为52%、52%和54%。PAP实验确认后有13株异质性耐药菌,其检出率占总实验菌株的26%。随机选取8株异质性耐药菌株,其耐药亚群的发生频率为7.3×10-7-1.2×10-5。通过无抗生素压力的生长实验发现,异质性耐药菌株PAS92、PAS57与其各自的3株最高PIP浓度平...     

也西湖噬藻体的分离与鉴定

【背景】噬藻体是一类特异性侵染蓝藻的病毒,广泛存在于淡水和海水水体中,参与调控宿主蓝藻的丰度和种群密度,被认为是潜在的蓝藻水华生物防控工具。但目前的研究多集中于海洋噬藻体,对淡水噬藻体的生物学特性和结构生物学等研究较少。【目的】分离更多种类的淡水噬藻体,为研究淡水噬藻体的三维结构、侵染机制、与宿主的共进化关系,及其在蓝藻水华防治中的应用提供理论基础。【方法】采集中国科学技术大学西校区内景观湖也西湖水华暴发水域的水样,利用液体培养基和双层固体平板法对17种宿主蓝藻进行筛选,通过NaCl-PEG沉淀法和氯化铯密度梯度离心分离和纯化噬藻体,并利用负染电镜观察噬藻体的形态,同时采用梯度稀释法测定裂解液的效价。【结果】发现也西湖的水样可特异性侵染本实验室分离自巢湖的一株拟鱼腥藻Pan。侵染后的裂解液中存在4株形态各异的噬藻体,包括1株短尾噬藻体和3株长尾噬藻体,其中包括首次发现的1株含有非典型长轴状头部结构的淡水噬藻体。【结论】也西湖作为巢湖流域的一个小型水体,具有与巢湖类似的水华蓝藻及其噬藻体分布谱,因此可以用于模拟大型湖泊进行相关分子生态学和生物防控的研究。     

MicroRNA-363-3p/sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 axis inhibits sepsis-induced acute lung injury via the inactivation of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand signaling

Infection-associated inflammation and coagulation are critical pathologies in sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI). This study aimed to investigate the effects of microRNA-363-3p (miR-363-3p) on sepsis-induced ALI and explore the underlying mechanisms. A cecal ligation and puncture-induced septic mouse model was established. The results of this study suggested that miR-363-3p was highly expressed in lung tissues of septic mice. Knockdown of miR-363-3p attenuated sepsis-induced histopathological damage, the inflammation response and oxidative stress in lung tissues. Furthermore, knockdown of miR-363-3p reduced the formation of platelet-derived microparticles and thrombin generation in blood samples of septic mice. Downregulation of miR-363-3p suppressed sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1) expression in lung tissues and subsequently inactivated the nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (NF-κB) signaling. A luciferase reporter assay confirmed that miR-363-3p directly targeted the 3’-untranslated region of the mouse S1pr1 mRNA. Collectively, our study suggests that inactivation of NF-κB signaling is involved in the miR-363-3p/S1PR1 axis-mediated protective effect on septic ALI.     

AvrRps4 effector family processing and recognition in lettuce

During pathogenesis, effector proteins are secreted from the pathogen to the host plant to provide virulence activity for invasion of the host. However, once the host plant recognizes one of the delivered effectors, effector‐triggered immunity activates a robust immune and hypersensitive response (HR). In planta, the effector AvrRps4 is processed into the N‐terminus (AvrRps4^N) and the C‐terminus (AvrRps4^C). AvrRps4^C is sufficient to trigger HR in turnip and activate AtRRS1/AtRPS4‐mediated immunity in Arabidopsis; on the other hand, AvrRps4^N induces HR in lettuce. Furthermore, AvrRps4^N‐mediated HR requires a conserved arginine at position 112 (R112), which is also important for full‐length AvrRps4 (AvrRps4^F) processing. Here, we show that effector processing and effector recognition in lettuce are uncoupled for the AvrRps4 family. In addition, we compared effector recognition by lettuce of AvrRps4 and its homologues, HopK1 and XopO. Interestingly, unlike for AvrRps4 and HopK1, mutation of the conserved R111 in XopO by itself was insufficient to abolish recognition. The combination of amino acid substitutions arginine 111 to leucine with glutamate 114 to lysine abolished the XopO‐mediated HR, suggesting that AvrRps4 family members have distinct structural requirements for perception by lettuce. Together, our results provide an insight into the processing and recognition of AvrRps4 and its homologues.