北京城市与西北远郊地表臭氧浓度梯度移动监测研究

北京城市与区域臭氧浓度逐年升高,对自然生态系统已经构成影响。但地表臭氧在北京城市与远郊梯度空间上的连续递变特征机制尚不清楚。采用移动监测车,搭载臭氧分析仪,选择夏季典型臭氧污染天气,以北京教学植物园为对照点,从北京城市中心向西北远郊方向,多点位连续测定地表臭氧浓度。通过分析臭氧浓度和采样点周围归一化植被指数(NDVI)的关系以及典型臭氧污染情况下的天气形势和气团轨迹,探讨北京城市和区域臭氧浓度连续空间变化特征及机制。结果表明:(1)北京西北山区森林区域臭氧浓度显著高于"城市区域",约为城市区域的2.00倍。十三陵是地表臭氧浓度的分界点,从十三陵开始臭氧浓度陡然升高,在西北山区方向保持在高水平。空间上从高到低的顺序是西北山区(254.68μg/m~3)对照点教学植物园(220.89μg/m~3)城市支路(162.84μg/m~3)城市快速路和高速路(103.24μg/m~3);(2)植被分布影响臭氧空间格局。在相同时间范围内,臭氧浓度和NDVI正相关,随NDVI增加臭氧浓度呈Logistic增长;(3)西北山区地表臭氧空间变异系数为0.11,城市支路上平均为0.28,城市快速路上为0.26,高速公路上为0.36。山区地表臭氧浓度的空间变异系数最小,高速公路最大,城市快速路、城市支路空间变异较大;(4)大范围均压场、高压后部、低压前部等稳定型天气型易造成南向弱气流,能够把空气污染物输送到西北远郊,但本研究中监测到的西北山区高浓度臭氧并非当天从城区输送而来。北京城市与区域臭氧格局与植被的关系及成因需要深入研究。     

MiR-27a-3p enhances the cisplatin sensitivity in hepatocellular carcinoma cells through inhibiting PI3K/Akt pathway

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in drug resistance, and it is reported that miR-27a-3p regulated the sensitivity of cisplatin in breast cancer, lung cancer and ovarian cancer. However, the relationship between miR-27a-3p and chemosensitivity of cisplatin in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was unclear, especially the underlying mechanism was unknown. In the present study, we analyzed miR-27a-3p expression levels in 372 tumor tissues and 49 adjacent tissues in HCC samples from TCGA database, and found that the miR-27a-3p was down-regulated in HCC tissues. The level of miR-27a-3p was associated with metastasis, Child–Pugh grade and race. MiR-27a-3p was regarded as a favorable prognosis indicator for HCC patients. Then, miR-27a-3p was overexpressed in HepG2 cell, and was knocked down in PLC cell. Next, we conducted a series of in vitro assays, including MTT, apoptosis and cell cycle assays to observe the biological changes. Further, inhibitor rate and apoptosis rate were detected with pre- and post-cisplatin treatment in HCC. The results showed that overexpression of miR-27a-3p repressed the cell viability, promoted apoptosis and increased the percentage of cells in G₀/G₁ phase. Importantly, overexpression of miR-27a-3p significantly increased the inhibitor rate and apoptosis rate with cisplatin intervention. Besides, we found that miR-27a-3p added cisplatin sensitivity potentially through regulating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Taken together, miR-27a-3p acted as a tumor suppressor gene in HCC cells, and it could be useful for modulating cisplatin sensitivity in chemotherapy.     

生境类型对入侵植物肿柄菊(Tithonia diversifolia)种群和个体水平特征的影响

外来植物入侵过程是入侵生态学研究的一个核心问题,被入侵生境中的各种要素对这一过程具有重要影响。为探讨入侵植物肿柄菊(Tithonia diversifolia)在种群和个体水平对不同生境的反应,调查了肿柄菊单优群落、肿柄菊与飞机草(Chromolaena odorata)共优群落和肿柄菊与紫茎泽兰(Ageratina adenophora)共优群落中肿柄菊的相对盖度、相对密度和高度,并开展了一个3因素(小气候、土壤类型和竞争)两水平的控制实验。结果表明:单优群落中,肿柄菊的相对盖度和相对密度显著大于其它两种群落中肿柄菊的相对盖度和相对密度;单优群落中肿柄菊的高度显著大于肿柄菊与紫茎泽兰共优群落中肿柄菊的高度,而与肿柄菊与飞机草共优群落中肿柄菊的高度无显著差异;肿柄菊的相对盖度、相对密度和高度在两个共优群落间无显著差异。小气候、土壤类型和竞争单个因素对肿柄菊的株高和叶片数没有显著影响,但三者的交互作用却显著影响肿柄菊的株高生长。这些结果表明:3个因素的综合作用影响肿柄菊的株高生长。     

害虫防治决策的复序贯分析方法及抽样技术研究

复序贯抽样决策技术实际应用的受限 ,原因在于截止限序贯抽样模型的缺乏。本文在检验昆虫种群空间格局回归模型的基础上 ,推导出了目前国内常用检验回归模型的截止限序贯抽样模型 ,并将其运用于复序贯分析决策过程中。实例分析表明 ,对于同一种生物种群 ,在一定的精度 (D)和置信水平(tα)要求下 ,复序贯抽样决策技术可以大幅度地节约抽样成本     

小麦×玉米单倍体植株再生体系的建立

为获得一定规模的小麦单倍体植株以构建小麦DH(Double Haploid)群体,采用小麦(Triticum aestivum,2n=42)与玉米(Zeamays,2n=20)远缘杂交诱导小麦单倍体胚,经胚拯救产生单倍体植株,研究了1/2MS培养基中幼胚取材时期、幼胚大小、4℃处理时间、暗处理时间对单倍体胚培养再生成苗的影响,结果表明:授粉后12天~16天取材的幼胚经胚拯救后成苗率无明显差异;0.5mm~1.0mm大小的幼胚成苗率显著高于0mm~0.5mm和1.0mm~1.5mm大小的幼胚成苗率;1天~3天短期4℃处理对胚萌发具有一定促进作用,但处理3天后,出愈率和成苗率降低;胚培养过程中12天左右的24h暗处理能有效提高成苗率。     

不同产地吴茱萸果实挥发油成分的GC-MS分析及与小花吴茱萸的比较

用水蒸气蒸馏法提取陕西汉中、贵州、福建、江西4个产地的吴茱萸和汉中产小花吴茱萸的果实挥发油,并用气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)共鉴定出154种化学成分,主要为萜类、酯类及酰胺类等化合物。其中陕西汉中产吴茱萸果实挥发油中鉴定出48种化学成分,未知成分2种。主要成分有反式-罗勒烯(相对含量为75.05%,下同)、顺式-罗勒烯(8.10%)、β-香叶烯(6.14%)等;贵州产吴茱萸果实挥发油中鉴定出43种化学成分,未知成分3种,其主要成分有反式-罗勒烯(67.04%)、β-香叶烯(9.66%)、顺式-罗勒烯(7.98%)等;福建产吴茱萸果实挥发油中鉴定出57种化学成分,未知成分2种,主要成分有反式-罗勒烯(73.14%)、顺式-罗勒烯(8.41%)、β-香叶烯(3.82%)等;江西产吴茱萸果实挥发油中鉴定出61种化学成分,主要种类有β-香叶烯(33.49%)、反式-罗勒烯(30.27%)、β-水芹烯(18.86%)、顺式-罗勒烯(5.23%)等;陕西汉中产小花吴茱萸果实挥发油中鉴定出化学成分83种,未知成分3个,其主要成分为反式-罗勒烯(40.21%)、顺式-罗勒烯(8.99%)、β-香叶烯(6.74%)等。结果表明,不同产地吴茱萸及小花吴茱萸果实中挥发油的主要成分种类比较接近,但各自挥发油化合物组成又都含有其特有化学成分。     

单细胞动物和多细胞动物的激素印迹

激素印迹是单细胞动物和多细胞动物的一种生理现象,也是选择参与信号识别过程分子的工具。激素印迹后,受体记忆将遗传给子孙后代,因此其对进化的作用可能是很大的。同时,激素印迹还有利于物种的维持。另外,激素印迹过程还是具有终身效应的临时开放系统的一部分。没有印迹,就没有完全的受体成熟,而不成熟的受体是不能和适量的激素结合的。在围 期诸如治疗药物和环境污染剂等人工合成的物质分子易致错误或病理印迹。许多研究表明错误印迹对生物体具有重要的影响。当然,单细胞动物的激素印迹过程与多细胞动物并不完全一样。     

A new nitrilase from Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA 110. Gene cloning, biochemical characterization and substrate specificity

A nitrilase gene blr3397 from Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA110 was cloned and over-expressed in Escherichia coli, and the encoded protein was purified to give a nitrilase with a single band of about 34.5kD on SDS-PAGE. The molecular weight of the holoenzyme was about 340kD as determined by light scattering analysis, suggesting that nitrilase blr3397 self-aggregated to an active form with the native structure being a decamer. The V(max) and K(m) for phenylacetonitrile were 3.15U/mg and 4.36mM, respectively. The catalytic constant k(cat) and specificity constant k(cat)/K(m) were 111min(-1) and 2.6x10(4)min(-1)M(-1). This nitrilase is most active toward the hydrolysis of hydrocinnamonitrile among the tested substrates (4.3 times that of phenylacetonitrile). The nitrilase blr3397 shows higher activity towards the hydrolysis of aliphatic nitriles than that for the aromatic counterparts, and can be characterized as an aliphatic nitrilase in terms of activity. This nitrilase also possesses distinct features from the nitrilase bll6402 of the same microbe.