Statistical optimization of gastric floating system for oral controlled delivery of calcium

The development of an optimized gastric floating drug delivery system is described. Statistical experimental design and data analysis using response surface methodology is also illustrated. A central, composite Box-Wilson design for the controlled release of calcium was used with 3 formulation variables: X₁ (hydroxypropyl methylcellulose [HPMC] loading), X₂ (citric acid loading), and X₃ (magnesium stearate loading). Twenty formulations were prepared, and dissolution studies and floating kinetics were performed on these formulations. The dissolution data obtained were then fitted to the Power Law, and floating profiles were analyzed. Diffusion exponents obtained by Power Law were used as targeted response variables, and the constraints were placed on other response variables. All 3 formulation variables were found to be significant for the release properties (P<,05), while only HPMC loading was found to be significant for floating properties. Optimization of the formulations was achieved by applying the constrained optimization. The optimized formulation delivered calcium at the release rate of 40 mg/hr, with predicted n and T_50% values at 0.93 and 3.29 hours, respectively. Experimentally, calcium was observed to release from the optimized formulation with n and T_50% values of 0.89 (±0.10) and 3.20 (±0.21) hours, which showed an excellent agreement. The quadratic mathematical model developed could be used to further predict formulations with desirable release and floating properties.     

Involvement of the ornithine decarboxylase/polyamine system in precondition-induced cardioprotection through an interaction with PKC in rat hearts

Anion exchanger (AE) 2, belonging to the chloride–bicarbonate transporter family, has been reported to involve cell survival for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. Our previous findings showed that AE2 gene was highly expressed in a poorly differentiated HCC cell line, HA22T/VGH. Additionally, treatment with 4,4′-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,20-disulfonic acid (DIDS), an AE-specific inhibitor, significantly inhibited cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis for the HA22T/VGH. To further investigate the biological functions of AE2 in human HCC, suppression of AE2 expression by the antisense oligonucleotide-AE2 (AS-AE2) was performed, and the cell viability, cell cycle regulation, and cell apoptosis for HCC cell lines were monitored. The results showed that AS-AE2 treatment could efficiently suppress the mRNA expression of AE2 for various differentiated HCC cells, including HA22T/VGH, SK-Hep-1, PLC/PRF/5, Hep3B, and HepG2. Moreover, AS-AE2 treatment significantly reduced cell viability, arrested cell cycle at sub-G1 phase, and induced cell apoptosis for the poorly differentiated HA22T/VGH, but not for other moderately or well-differentiated HCC cell lines. The findings indicated that AE2 may play an important role in the progression of HCC cells, and provide a new strategy for the development of therapeutic treatment against human HCC.     

光周期对烟粉虱实验种群的影响

本研究了不同光周期条件对烟粉虱实验种群的影响,发现光周期对其种群增长影响显,表现为光照时间越长（9-18小时）,越有利于该虫的发育,其发育速率、存活率、成虫寿命及产卵量、种群增长指数都随之增大。研究表明,至少在12小时以上的光照条件下,才有利于烟粉虱种群的增长。     

光钳捕获,操纵,分离和模拟提取酵母细胞

运用光陷阱技术进行对酵母细胞的捕获、操纵、分离和模拟提取。     

陕西野生啤酒花染色体形态的研究

作者观察了陕西野生啤酒花的染色体数目和形态,分析了这种野生啤酒花及栽培啤酒花的核型,为植物分类及啤酒花育种工作提供了资料。     

Pharmacological characterization of a small molecule inhibitor of c-Jun kinase

c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) plays an important role in insulin resistance; however, identification of pharmacologically potent and selective small molecule JNK inhibitors has been limited. Compound A has a cell IC(50) of 102 nM and is at least 100-fold selective against related kinases and 27-fold selective against glycogen synthase kinase-3beta and cyclin-dependent kinase-2. In C57BL/6 mice, compound A reduced LPS-mediated increases in both plasma cytokine levels and phosphorylated c-Jun in adipose tissue. Treatment of mice fed a high-fat diet with compound A for 3 wk resulted in a 13.1 +/- 1% decrease in body weight and a 9.3 +/- 1.5% decrease in body fat, compared with a 6.6 +/- 2.1% increase in body weight and a 6.7 +/- 2.1% increase in body fat in vehicle-treated mice. Mice pair fed to those that received compound A exhibited a body weight decrease of 7 +/- 1% and a decrease in body fat of 1.6 +/- 1.3%, suggesting that reductions in food intake could not account solely for the reductions in adiposity observed. Compound A dosed at 30 mg/kg for 13 days in high-fat fed mice resulted in a significant decrease in phosphorylated c-Jun in adipose tissue accompanied by a decrease in weight and reductions in glucose and triglycerides and increases in insulin sensitivity to levels comparable with those in lean control mice. The ability of compound A to reduce the insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) von Ser307 and partially reverse the free fatty acid inhibition of glucose uptake in 3T3L1 adipocytes, suggests that enhancement of insulin signaling in addition to weight loss may contribute to the effects of compound A on insulin sensitization in vivo. Pharmacological inhibition of JNK using compound A may therefore offer an effective therapy for type 2 diabetes mediated at least in part via weight reduction.     

尖头塘鳢(Eleotris oxycephala Temmiuck et Schlegel)的年龄、生长和生活史类型的研究

本文采用胸鳍第二支鳍骨为研究东江尖头塘鳢的年龄鉴定材料。胸鳍第二支鳍骨(远侧部)长的骨(R)与体长(L)的关系L=10.6565 54.3848R。用von Bertalanffy生长方程可表达体长、体重与年龄的关系:L=298.6(1-e~(-0.2313(t 0.3028))];W_t=577.4(1-e~(-0.2313(t 0.3028))]~3。根据r-选择和K-选择的典型特征以及渐近体长(L_∞)、渐近体重(W_∞)、生长系数(K)、瞬时自然死亡率(M)、初次生殖年龄(T_m)、最大年龄(T_(max))和性腺指数(GI)等7个生态学参数值,可以判断尖头塘鳢偏向r-选择。应用平衡产量模式计算改变瞬时捕捞死亡率(F)和渔业补充年龄(t_c)时的产量变化,同样证实尖头塘鳢生活史偏向r-选择。作为渔业管理对策,尖头塘鳢的捕捞年龄可定为2—3龄,以2龄为主,这样既能保护资源,又能获得较好的经济效益。