尼卡地平和乌拉地尔治疗高血压急症的比较

目的：比较尼卡地平和乌拉地尔治疗高血压急症的治疗效果和不良反应。方法：选择2010年1月至2011年3月就诊于我院的83例高血压急症患者,将其随机分为尼卡地平组42例和乌拉地尔组41例：尼卡地平组先给予1mg iv,然后以10-40μg／min持续静点,然后根据血压情况调整药物剂量;乌拉地尔组先给予12．5mgiv,然后以50—200μg／min持续静点,然后根据血压情况调整药物剂量;记录用药前后心率、血压情况及不良反应。结果：尼卡地平和乌拉地尔在治疗高血压急症降血压方面,两者没有发现显著性差异（P〉0．05）,但治疗后尼卡地平组心率明显上升（P〈0．05）,乌拉地尔组心率明显下降（P〈0．05）。此外,尼卡地平组的不良反应明显低于乌拉地尔组（P〈0．05）。结论：尼卡地平和乌拉地尔对高血压急症均有良好的治疗效果,但尼卡地平更加安全,不良反应较少。     

Improving the Clinical Diagnosis of Influenza—a Comparative Analysis of New Influenza A (H1N1) Cases

Background

The presentation of new influenza A(H1N1) is broad and evolving as it continues to affect different geographic locations and populations. To improve the accuracy of predicting influenza infection in an outpatient setting, we undertook a comparative analysis of H1N1(2009), seasonal influenza, and persons with acute respiratory illness (ARI) in an outpatient setting.

Methodology/Principal Findings

Comparative analyses of one hundred non-matched cases each of PCR confirmed H1N1(2009), seasonal influenza, and ARI cases. Multivariate analysis was performed to look for predictors of influenza infection. Receiver operating characteristic curves were constructed for various combinations of clinical and laboratory case definitions. The initial clinical and laboratory features of H1N1(2009) and seasonal influenza were similar. Among ARI cases, fever, cough, headache, rhinorrhea, the absence of leukocytosis, and a normal chest radiograph positively predict for both PCR-confirmed H1N1-2009 and seasonal influenza infection. The sensitivity and specificity of current WHO and CDC influenza-like illness (ILI) criteria were modest in predicting influenza infection. However, the combination of WHO ILI criteria with the absence of leukocytosis greatly improved the accuracy of diagnosing H1N1(2009) and seasonal influenza (positive LR of 7.8 (95%CI 3.5–17.5) and 9.2 (95%CI 4.1–20.3) respectively).

Conclusions/Significance

The clinical presentation of H1N1(2009) infection is largely indistinguishable from that of seasonal influenza. Among patients with acute respiratory illness, features such as a temperature greater than 38°C, rhinorrhea, a normal chest radiograph, and the absence of leukocytosis or significant gastrointestinal symptoms were all positively associated with H1N1(2009) and seasonal influenza infection. An enhanced ILI criteria that combines both a symptom complex with the absence of leukocytosis on testing can improve the accuracy of predicting both seasonal and H1N1-2009 influenza infection.     

Phylogenetic distance–decay patterns are not explained by local community assembly processes in freshwater lake microbial communities

While water and sediment microbial communities exhibit pronounced spatio-temporal patterns in freshwater lakes, the underlying drivers are yet poorly understood. Here, we evaluated the importance of spatial and temporal variation in abiotic environmental factors for bacterial and microeukaryotic community assembly and distance–decay relationships in water and sediment niches in Hongze Lake. By sampling across the whole lake during both Autumn and Spring sampling time points, we show that only bacterial sediment communities were governed by deterministic community assembly processes due to abiotic environmental drivers. Nevertheless, consistent distance–decay relationships were found with both bacterial and microeukaryotic communities, which were relatively stable with both sampling time points. Our results suggest that spatio-temporal variation in environmental factors was important in explaining mainly bacterial community assembly in the sediment, possibly due lesser disturbance. However, clear distance–decay patterns emerged also when the community assembly was stochastic. Together, these results suggest that abiotic environmental factors do not clearly drive the spatial structuring of lake microbial communities, highlighting the need to understand the role of other potential drivers, such as spatial heterogeneity and biotic species interactions.     

水稻籽粒维生素E QTL挖掘及候选基因分析

维生素E (V_E)是稻米营养品质的重要指标。水稻(Oryza sativa)是我国种植最广泛的粮食作物, 增加其籽粒的V_E含量是实现国民营养强化的一条便捷有效的途径。该研究以籼稻华占(HZ)为父本, 粳稻热研2号(Nekken2)为母本, 构建120个重组自交系(RILs)群体。采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)对RILs群体的V_E各组分含量进行测定, 并基于构建的高密度分子遗传图谱进行QTL定位, 谱系分析后挖掘到122个V_E总量和分量相关QTLs, 分布在12条染色体上。其中qT3α/to2-1的LOD值高达10.32, qT3α2-1的LOD值高达9.91, 另有多个控制各异构体含量的主效QTLs, 且区间内包含OsGGR1、OsGGR2、OsTC及OsγTMT等V_E生物合成基因。通过qRT-PCR检测亲本中V_E合成基因的表达量, 发现在华占中候选基因的表达量均极显著高于热研2号, 推测这些基因的高表达是华占生育酚及生育三烯酚含量高于热研2号的原因。研究挖掘到的QTL数目较多, LOD值也较大, 为进一步筛选和培育高V_E含量的水稻新品种奠定了分子基础, 同时为揭示水稻V_E生物合成的分子调控机制提供了重要基因资源。     

Induction of invasive mouse skin carcinomas in transgenic mice with mutations in both H-ras and p53

Synergistic interaction between H-ras and p53 were systematically examined during skin tumorigenesis. Concurrent expression of an activated H-ras gene and a mutant p53 gene was accomplished by crossing p53(Val135/wt) mice with TG.AC mice. Topical application to wild-type mice with benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) alone produced approximately 26% skin tumor incidence, whereas BaP treatment of p53(wt/wt)Hras(TG.AC/wt), p53(Val135/wt)Hras(wt/wt), and p53(Val135/wt)Hras(TG.AC/wt) mice produced a 75%, 77%, and 100% incidence of skin tumors, respectively. An average of 0.33 tumor per mouse was observed in wild-type (p53(wt/wt)Hras(wt/wt)) mice, whereas approximately 1.54, 1.96, and 3.08 tumors per mouse were seen in BaP-treated p53(wt/wt)Hras(TG.AC/wt), p53(Val135/wt)Hras(wt/wt), and p53(Val135/wt)Hras(TG.AC/wt) mice, respectively. The effects on total tumor volume were even more striking with 7-, 48-, and 588-fold increases in tumor volume compared with wild-type (p53(wt/wt)Hras(wt/wt)) in p53(wt/wt)Hras(TG.AC/wt), p53(Val135/wt)Hras(wt/wt), and p53(Val135/wt)Hras(TG.AC/wt) mice, respectively. Histopathologically, all tumors from p53(wt/wt)Hras(wt/wt) mice were either papillomas or well-differentiated squamous cell carcinomas, whereas the tumors in p53(wt/wt)Hras(TG.AC/wt), p53(Val135/wt)Hras(wt/wt), and p53(Val135/wt)Hras(TG.AC/wt) mice were principally squamous cell carcinomas with varying degree of invasiveness. Particularly, tumors in p53(Val135/wt)Hras(TG.AC/wt) mice exhibited the most rapid growth and the extreme form of tumor invasion. Microarray analysis revealed that dominant-negative p53 (Val135) and activated H-ras affected several cellular processes involved in tumorigenesis possibly through its effects on apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and Ras-mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. The present study provides the first in vivo evidence that a germ line p53 mutation and activated H-ras act synergistically to profoundly enhance tumor progression.     

Roles of receptor‐interacting protein kinase 1 in SH‐SY5Y cells with beta amyloid‐induced neurotoxicity

Alzheimer''s disease (AD), the major cause of dementia, affects the elderly population worldwide. Previous studies have shown that depletion of receptor‐interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) expression reverted the AD phenotype in murine AD models. Necroptosis, executed by mixed lineage kinase domain‐like (MLKL) protein and activated by RIPK1 and RIPK3, has been shown to be involved in AD. However, the role of RIPK1 in beta‐amyloid (Aβ)‐induced necroptosis is not yet fully understood. In this study, we explored the role of RIPK1 in the SH‐SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells treated with Aβ 1–40 or Aβ 1–42. We showed that Aβ‐induced neuronal cell death was independent of apoptosis and autophagy pathways. Further analyses depicted that activation of RIPK1/MLKL‐dependant necroptosis pathway was observed in vitro. We demonstrated that inhibition of RIPK1 expression rescued the cells from Aβ‐induced neuronal cell death and ectopic expression of RIPK1 was found to enhance the stability of the endogenous APP. In summary, our findings demonstrated that Aβ can potentially drive necroptosis in an RIPK1‐MLKL‐dependent manner, proposing that RIPK1 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of AD.     

Anti-neuroinflammatory of Chloroform Extract of Panax ginseng Root Culture on Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV2 Microglia Cells

Background:It is believed that activation of microglia in the central nervous system upon detection of stimulus like lipopolysaccharides provokes neuroinflammation via the production of pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines. The cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory properties of various folk medicine has been gaining attention as a strategy to combat various disease. This study aimed to assess the anti-neuroinflammatory properties of chloroform extract of in vitro Panax ginseng root culture based on nitric oxide and cytokines production.Methods:The study was initiated with the determination of maximum non-toxic dose (MNTD) of P. ginseng root culture chloroform extract using the MTT assay. The lipopolysaccharides-stimulated BV2 microglia cells were treated with MNTD and ½MNTD of the extract and its anti-neuroinflammatory properties were assessed by measuring the production of nitric oxide (NO) via Griess assay, as well as TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10 using Quantikine ELISA.Results:It was found that the MNTD and ½MNTD of the extract did not play a significant role in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as NO, TNF-α and IL-6. However, the MNTD and ½MNTD of chloroform extract significantly increased the anti-inflammatory IL-10 compared to the untreated cells.Conclusion:With this, the chloroform extract of P. ginseng root culture potentially exerts anti-neuroinflammatory properties.Key Words: Anti-inflammatory cytokines, Ginsenosides, Microglia cells, Neuroinflammation, Pro-inflammatory cytokines