透明颤菌血红蛋白的研究进展

血红蛋白广泛存在于动植物、微生物中,是一种氧结合蛋白。透明颤菌血红蛋白是20世纪70年代后期发现的一种血红蛋白,该蛋白质能使细菌在低氧的情况下生存,并保持较高的生长速率。随着作用机理研究深入,透明颤菌血红蛋白在发酵工业和植物转基因等生物工程领域有着广泛的应用。     

基于CdSe阳离子交换的玉米赤霉烯酮新型荧光免疫检测方法的建立及应用

作为镰刀属真菌的次级代谢产物,玉米赤霉烯酮(zearalenone,ZEN)具有强烈的生殖毒性和免疫毒性,严重威胁动物和人类健康。本研究通过采用羧基修饰的CdSe水溶性量子点(quantum dots,QDs)标记ZEN单克隆抗体,并基于CdSe阳离子交换信号增强原理,建立了ZEN新型荧光免疫检测方法(CdSe QDs-FLISA),检测下限(IC₁₀)和半数抑制率(IC₅₀)分别为0.006 ng/mL和0.17 ng/mL,检测区间(IC20–IC80)为0.01–0.45 ng/mL。与ZEN的结构类似物(α-zearalanol、zearalanone、α-zearalenol、β-zearalenol and β-zearalanol)交叉反应性依次为22.3%、13.1%、6.2%、1.6%和3.9%,与农产品中其他真菌毒素如黄曲霉毒素B₁(AFB₁)、赭曲霉毒素A(OTA)、呕吐毒素(DON)和伏马毒素B₁(FB₁)几乎不存在交叉反应。该方法...     

基于支持向量机方法的蛋白可溶性预测

按照蛋白质序列中残基的相对可溶性,将其分为两类(表面／内部)和三类(表面／中间／内部)进行预测。选择不同窗宽和参数对数据进行训练和预测,以确保得到最好的分类效果,并同其他已有方法进行比较。对同一数据集不同分类阈值的预测结果显示,支持向量机方法对蛋白质可溶性的整体预测效果优于神经网络和信息论的方法。其中,对两类数据的最优分类结果达到79．0％,对三类数据的最优分类结果达到67．5％,表明支持向量机是蛋白质残基可溶性预测的一种有效方法。     

CD3ε和PMA对fas基因转录调控作用的研究

研究了ＣＤ３ε和ＰＭＡ对细胞凋亡基因ｆａｓ的转录调控作用．根据已知的人ｆａｓ基因５＇上游序列设计引物,用ＰＣＲ法从人胸腺细胞基因组ＤＮＡ中扩增出ｆａｓ５＇上游长为４４６ｂｐ的启动子片段．将此片段定向克隆到以虫荧光素酶为报告基因的真核细胞表达载体ｐＸＰ２中．经限制性内切酶酶切鉴定及序列测定分析表明此重组表达质粒ＤＮＡ的结构和序列正确．用此质粒（ｐＸＰ２－ｆａｓｕｐ）瞬时转染人ＪｕｒｋａｔＴ淋巴细胞,分析报告基因的表达水平．结果表明ｆａｓ基因上游－５０６到－６０的区域有弱启动子活性,约是阴性对照的１．５倍．抗ＣＤ３ε抗体和ＰＭＡ处理均可增强ｆａｓ启动子的活性,促进报告基因的表达,其虫荧光素酶活性分别是未经处理的ｐＸＰ２－ｆａｓｕｐ转染细胞的１．７倍和３．３倍,但二者没有协同作用．ＰＫＣ的抑制剂ｓｔａｕｒｏｓｐｏｒｉｎｅ和ＰＴＫ的抑制剂ｈｅｒｂｉｍｙｃｉｎＡ可抑制ＰＭＡ诱导的ｆａｓ基因转录,使虫荧光素酶基因的表达降至未用ＰＭＡ处理的水平．但ＰＴＫ的另一种抑制剂ｇｅｎｉｓｔｅｉｎ可与ＰＭＡ发挥协同作用,上调ｆａｓ基因的转录,使虫荧光素酶活性增加到５倍．这些结果为阐明ＣＤ３ε及ＰＭＡ介导Ｔ淋巴细胞激活和凋亡的分子机制     

青藏高原高寒草甸植被特征与温度、水分因子关系

以广布于青藏高原的高寒草甸为研究对象,进行模拟增温实验,探讨高寒草甸植被特征与温度、水分因子关系,并试图论证高寒草甸植被是否符合生物多样性代谢理论.结果表明:①高寒草甸植被物种多样性的对数与绝对温度的倒数呈显著线性递减关系,空气-地表-浅层土壤(0-20 cm)温度(R2 ＞0.6,P＜0.01)较深层土壤(40-100 cm)温度(R2＜0.5,P＜0.05)对物种多样性影响大;其植被新陈代谢平均活化能为0.998-1.85 eV,高于生物多样性代谢理论预测值0.6-0.7 eV,这是高寒草甸植被对长期低温环境适应进化的结果.②除趋势对应分析和冗余分析显示,温度对植被地上部分影响较大,而土壤水分对全株影响均较大,适当的增温与降水均可极显著促进高寒草甸植被生长.③逐步回归和通径分析显示,40 cm、60 cm深度土壤水分对植被地上部分产生直接影响,20 cm高度空气相对湿度和40 cm深度土壤温度对其产生间接影响;40 cm深度土壤温度和60 cm深度土壤水分对植被地下部分产生直接影响,红外地表温度对其产生间接影响.深层土壤温度和水分对高寒草甸植被具有影响作用,这可能与增温后冻土的融化有关,但其机理尚待进一步研究.     

StructureSelector: A web‐based software to select and visualize the optimal number of clusters using multiple methods

Inferences of population genetic structure are of great importance to the fields of ecology and evolutionary biology. The program structure has been widely used to infer population genetic structure. However, previous studies demonstrated that uneven sampling often leads to wrong inferences on hierarchical structure. The most widely used ΔK method tends to identify the uppermost hierarchy of population structure. Recently, four alternative statistics (medmedk , medmeak , maxmedk and maxmeak ) were proposed, which appear to be more accurate than the previously used methods for both even and uneven sampling data. However, the lack of easy‐to‐use software limits the use of these appealing new estimators. Here, we developed a web‐based user‐friendly software structureselector to calculate the four appealing alternative statistics together with the commonly used Ln Pr(X|K) and ΔK statistics. structureselector accepts the result files of structure , admixture or faststructure as input files. It reports the “best” K for each estimator, and the results are available as HTML or tab separated tables. The program can also generate graphical representations for specific K, which can be easily downloaded from the server. The software is freely available at http://lmme.qdio.ac.cn/StructureSelector/ .     

Teleconnection between the early immigration of brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens St?l) and ENSO indices: implication for its medium- and long-term forecast

Teleconnection between the early immigration of brown planthopper (BPH) and El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) indices from January of two years previously to the current June was investigated to make long-term forecast. The teleconnection results were as follows: ENSO indices which were significantly correlated with the early immigration of BPH were primarily sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) in N3, N4 and N3.4 regions, accounting for 71.8% of the total. Significant ENSO indices from two years and one year before the immigration events had a proportion of about 84%, while those in the current year only accounted for 16.7%. There was significantly negative correlation between the early immigration of BPH and SSTA in each Nino region from two years before to the previous spring, whereas there was significantly positive correlation between these two factors during the period from the previous winter to the current spring. The significant correlation between the early immigration of BPH and SSTA in each Nino region in the last summer and autumn did not show any obvious tendencies. The relationship between the southern oscillation index (SOI) and the early immigration of BPH was opposite to that between the immigration and SSTA in each Nino region. The above mentioned significant ENSO indices were used as key factors to build forecasting models for the early immigration of BPH by step-wise multiple linear regression analysis. Finally, 12 integrated forecasting models were obtained, which could make predictions 3–27 months ahead and had a predictive accuracy of 88.9%.     

表达CD19~+CD56~-的多发性骨髓瘤浆细胞免疫表型的鉴别

目的:研究多发性骨髓瘤患者浆细胞和对照组正常浆细胞免疫表型,有效地识别表达CD19+CD56-的多发性骨髓瘤恶性浆细胞。方法:采用四色流式细胞仪(BD,FACSCalibur)检测44例MM患者浆细胞以及25例健康骨髓捐献者正常浆细胞膜上的抗原表达。采用CellQuest软件分析结果。细胞膜表面抗原表达率大于20%定义为表达阳性。阳性率为表达阳性的患者及健康对照者所占百分比。结果:44例MM患者浆细胞免疫表型表达频率为:CD138+:97.72%(43/44)、CD38+:100%(44/44)、CD56+:63.64%(28/44)、CD19-:84.09%(37/44)、CD200+:77.27%(34/44)、CD28+:38.64%(17/44);25例对照组正常浆细胞免疫表型表达频率为:CD138+:100%(25/25)、CD38+:100%(25/25)、CD56-:100%(25/25)、CD19+:96%(24/25)、CD200+:0%(0/25)、CD28+:0%(0/25)。在44例MM患者中,9%(4/44)患者表达CD19+CD56-,利用CD200检测4例表达CD19+CD56-的患者,有3例患者伴有CD200阳性表达,可与正常浆细胞鉴别。结论:CD200有利于鉴别表达CD19+CD56-MM恶性浆细胞与正常浆细胞。     

溶剂稳定性蛋白酶产生菌的筛选和鉴定

自油污土样等样品中分离获得一株具有产胞外溶剂稳定性蛋白酶的耐有机溶剂极端微生物,经BIOLOG系统鉴定及16S rDNA序列(GenBank,EF105377)分析,该菌株为Bacillus licheniformis YP1。该菌株能耐受中浓度盐、强碱性环境(pH12)及多种不同浓度的有机溶剂,但对多种抗生素敏感。在YP1产蛋白酶发酵过程中添加各种有机溶剂结果表明,丙酮虽抑制了菌体生物量的生长却促进了单位菌体的蛋白酶分泌,而长链烷醇如辛醇、十二醇等能强烈抑制该蛋白酶的分泌。该菌株所产蛋白酶经11种50%(V/V)有机溶剂处理后均能保留高活力。该溶剂稳定性蛋白酶在有机相生物催化等领域具有良好的应用前景。     

上海口岸输入性传染性肺结核病患者中结核分枝杆菌北京型特征及耐药性分析

本研究旨在了解上海口岸输入性传染性肺结核病患者中结核分枝杆菌北京型特征及其对一线抗结核药物的耐药情况,从而正确评估输入性结核病给上海地区带来的公共卫生危害,同时为地区传染性结核病防治策略的制定提供依据。针对2009年1月～2013年5月上海口岸入境体检人员中胸部影像学诊断疑似活动性肺结核病的人群,采集其连续3 d的晨痰分离培养结核分枝杆菌,用MGIT960培养法分析其对抗结核药物（链霉素、异烟肼、利福平、乙胺丁醇、吡嗪酰胺）的耐药情况,用目标缺失多重聚合酶链反应（DTM-PCR ）进行结核分枝杆菌北京型分子分型,同时采集其人口学资料。期间共监测到入境外籍疑似活动性肺结核病者193例,其中50例痰液中分离培养到结核分枝杆菌,菌培阳率为25．9％,与我国结核病普查工作中活动性肺结核病菌培阳率（25．9％）相同。分离培养并成功传代、分型的40株结核分枝杆菌中,北京型占57．5％（23／40）,显著低于同期上海口岸出境人群中的90．2％（37／41）。输入性结核分枝杆菌北京型主要来自东南亚地区（71．4％,5／7）和西太平洋地区（57．1％,16／28）。一线5种抗结核药物的耐药性检测结果显示,输入性结核分枝杆菌北京型的总耐药率为30．4％（7／23）,接近上海口岸出境人群的34．1％。输入性耐多药菌株占2．4％（1／42）,分子分型结果显示为非北京型。输入性传染性肺结核病对吡嗪酰胺的耐药率为16．7％,显著高于上海口岸出境人群的2．4％。结果提示,上海口岸输入性肺结核病患者中结核分枝杆菌北京型所占比例显著低于同期出境人群,未发现与性别和年龄相关,未发现输入性结核分枝杆菌北京型对抗结核药物耐药性的显著变化。输入性耐药性结核病带来的公共卫生危害不容忽视,在直接督导下的短程化疗（DOTS）方案中需考虑其高吡嗪酰胺耐药特征。在口岸公共卫生安全风险评估中,需重视输入性结核分枝杆菌北京型与本地流行株的差异。