扎伊尔埃博拉病毒糖蛋白基因的克隆和表达

埃博拉病毒属丝状病毒科,能引发动物和人出血热症状,人感染后病死率高达90%以上,目前还没有有效预防和治疗的药物和疫苗。近年来,这种烈性传染病病毒传入我国的可能性不断加大,给我国公共卫生应急体系带来新的挑战。本研究针对埃博拉病毒的最主要结构蛋白——糖蛋白(GP),构建了重组原核表达载体pET28a(+)-GP1(33~313aa)、pET28a(+)-GP1(190~313aa)、pET28a(+)-GP2(502~632aa)、pET28a(+)-sGP,以及重组真核表达载体pcDNA3.1(+)-edited GP、pcDNA3.1(+)-GP1、pcDNA3.1(+)-GP。结果表明,GP1(33~313aa)、GP1(190~313aa)和sGP能在大肠埃希菌BL21(DE3)中以包涵体的形式表达,GP、GP1和GP2能在HEK293T细胞中表达,但均不能在BHK21细胞中表达。本研究为进一步探索埃博拉病毒GP的结构和功能及GP抗体制备奠定了基础。     

(2-Aryl-5-methylimidazol-4-ylcarbonyl)guanidines and (2-aryl-5-methyloxazol-4-ylcarbonyl)guanidines as NHE-1 inhibitors

A series of (2-aryl-5-methylimidazol-4-ylcarbonyl)guanidines and (2-aryl-5-methyloxazol-4-ylcarbonyl)guanidines were synthesized and evaluated as NHE-1 inhibitors. The structure–activity relationships well matched those of furan derivatives, which were previously investigated. The (2,5-disubstituted)phenyl compounds showed better activities than the other analogues in both imidazole and oxazole compounds. Especially, 2-(2,5-dichlorophenyl)imidazole 52, and 2-(2-methoxy-5-chlorophenyl)imidazole 54 compounds exhibited potent cardioprotective efficacy both in vitro and in vivo as well as high NHE-1 inhibitory activities.     

基于沟眶象属两近缘种不同虫态转录组的气味受体基因鉴定及表达分析

[目的]基于沟眶象属Eucryptorrhynchus两近缘种沟眶象E.scrobiculatus和臭椿沟眶象E.brandti不同虫态的转录组数据进行气味受体(odorant receptor,OR)基因的鉴定及表达特征分析,补充两种象甲的气味受体信息,为之后的功能研究提供理论依据.[方法]从沟眶象(幼虫、蛹和成虫)...     

直接重整细胞核程序的诱导性多能干细胞研究进展

诱导性多能干细胞（induced pluripotent stem cells, iPS）是分化细胞在外源性因子作用下,经直接细胞核程序重整而重新获得分化潜能的干细胞,具有很重要的应用前景。介绍了iPS诱导方法从转录因子、RNA结合蛋白、小分子化合物、到信号传导通路的发展过程,以及在提高生物安全性方面的改进。iPS的生成在细胞学上表现为渐进的、时间依赖的过程,同细胞的分化状态密切相关;然而,iPS同胚胎干细胞表遗传特征并非完全相同。iPS的进展结合基因治疗和细胞治疗的成果已应用到动物疾病模型的治疗。     

Bioluminescent imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma in live mice

A non-invasive orthotopic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) model was created with human HCC cells (HepG-Luc) constitutively expressing luciferase (Luc) in nude mice. Development of tumor growth and response to anti-tumor therapy combined with 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin was monitored by whole-body bioluminescent imaging (BLI). Luciferase activity in the tumor, determined by BLI, correlated with the tumor volume and weight. The anti-tumor therapy proved effective by BLI monitoring. In conclusion, BLI by luciferase provides a non-invasive method of monitoring tumor activities that can prove useful for therapeutic intervention studies.     

Defective Autophagy and mTORC1 Signaling in Myotubularin Null Mice

Autophagy is a vesicular trafficking pathway that regulates the degradation of aggregated proteins and damaged organelles. Initiation of autophagy requires several multiprotein signaling complexes, such as the ULK1 kinase complex and the Vps34 lipid kinase complex, which generates phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate [PtdIns(3)P] on the forming autophagosomal membrane. Alterations in autophagy have been reported for various diseases, including myopathies. Here we show that skeletal muscle autophagy is compromised in mice deficient in the X-linked myotubular myopathy (XLMTM)-associated PtdIns(3)P phosphatase myotubularin (MTM1). Mtm1-deficient muscle displays several cellular abnormalities, including a profound increase in ubiquitin aggregates and abnormal mitochondria. Further, we show that Mtm1 deficiency is accompanied by activation of mTORC1 signaling, which persists even following starvation. In vivo pharmacological inhibition of mTOR is sufficient to normalize aberrant autophagy and improve muscle phenotypes in Mtm1 null mice. These results suggest that aberrant mTORC1 signaling and impaired autophagy are consequences of the loss of Mtm1 and may play a primary role in disease pathogenesis.     

Structural analysis of chloroplast tail‐anchored membrane protein recognition by ArsA1

In mammals and yeast, tail‐anchored (TA) membrane proteins destined for the post‐translational pathway are safely delivered to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane by a well‐known targeting factor, TRC40/Get3. In contrast, the underlying mechanism for translocation of TA proteins in plants remains obscure. How this unique eukaryotic membrane‐trafficking system correctly distinguishes different subsets of TA proteins destined for various organelles, including mitochondria, chloroplasts and the ER, is a key question of long standing. Here, we present crystal structures of algal ArsA1 (the Get3 homolog) in a distinct nucleotide‐free open state and bound to adenylyl‐imidodiphosphate. This approximately 80‐kDa protein possesses a monomeric architecture, with two ATPase domains in a single polypeptide chain. It is capable of binding chloroplast (TOC34 and TOC159) and mitochondrial (TOM7) TA proteins based on features of its transmembrane domain as well as the regions immediately before and after the transmembrane domain. Several helices located above the TA‐binding groove comprise the interlocking hook‐like motif implicated by mutational analyses in TA substrate recognition. Our data provide insights into the molecular basis of the highly specific selectivity of interactions of algal ArsA1 with the correct sets of TA substrates before membrane targeting in plant cells.