用弥散张量成像检测猕猴大脑运动区占位病变对健侧皮质脊髓束的作用

因皮质脊髓束(corticospinal tract,CST)损伤而造成的运动功能丧失可得到一定恢复,但关于大脑运动区占位性病变对健侧CST结构功能影响的研究却相对较少。该研究采用两只健康猕猴行球囊置入术建立大脑运动区占位性病变模型,行4次磁共振弥散张量成像(diffusion tensor imaging,DTI)扫描,检测手术区对侧CST的FA值("各向异性"值),发现球囊置入术后当天,对侧CST的FA值无明显变化,但随时间的延长升高,球囊取出术后一周更为明显。实验表明该模型可行、可靠,从DTI观察到病变健侧CST出现代偿,即使占位解除短期内这一作用仍明显,提示健侧CST共同参与瘫痪肢体功能的恢复。     

Effects of Revegetation on Soil Microbial Biomass,Enzyme Activities,and Nutrient Cycling on the Loess Plateau in China

Revegetation is a traditional practice widely used for soil and water conservation on the Loess Plateau in China. However, there has been a lack of reports on soil microbial–biochemical indices required for a comprehensive evaluation of the success of revegetation systems. In this study, we examined the effects of revegetation on major soil nutrients and microbial–biochemical properties in an artificial alfalfa grassland, an enclosed natural grassland, and an artificial shrubland (Caragana korshinskii), with an abandoned cropland as control. Results showed that at 0–5, 5–20, and 20–40 cm depths, soil organic carbon, alkaline extractable nitrogen and available potassium were higher in natural grassland and artificial shrubland compared with artificial grassland and abandoned cropland. Soil microbial biomass C (Cmic) and phosphorous (Pmic) substantially decreased with depth at all sites, and in abandoned cropland was significantly lower than those of natural grassland, artificial grassland, and artificial shrubland at the depth of 0–5 cm. Soil microbial biomass N (Nmic) was higher in artificial shrubland and abandoned cropland compared with that in natural and artificial grasslands. Both Cmic and Pmic were significantly different between the 23‐year‐old and the 13‐year‐old artificial shrublands at the 0–5 cm depth. The activities of soil invertase, urease, and alkaline phosphatase in natural grassland and artificial shrubland were higher than those in artificial grassland and abandoned cropland. This study demonstrated that the regeneration of both natural grassland and artificial shrubland effectively preserved and enhanced soil microbial biomass and major nutrient cycling, thus is an ecologically beneficial practice for recovery of degraded soils on the Loess Plateau.     

赤(瓜包)亚族植物叶片中脉的比较解剖

本文对赤(瓜包)属(Thladiantha Bunge)、白兼果属(Baijiana A.M.Lu et J.Q.Li)和苦瓜属(Momordica L.)共11种植物叶片中脉进行了比较解剖学研究。除苦瓜属一种外,其余10种的叶片中脉解剖学资料均为首次报道。分析结果表明:叶片中脉维管束的数目以及排列方式具有分类学意义,而种间和种内维管束数目的减少,在一定程度上反映出植物迁移和演化的方向。     

芦笋皮层组织培养植株再生

报道了芦笋皮层组织培养再生植株的方法。表明：皮层在ＭＳ＋１ｍｇ／Ｌ２,４—Ｄ＋２ｍｇ／Ｌ６—ＢＡ培养基上形成无色或淡绿色疏松型愈伤组织,而ＭＳ＋２ｍｇ／Ｌ６—ＢＡ＋０．１ｍｇ／ＬＩＡＡ培养基则对芽的分化有利;试管苗的生很壮苗以无激素的ＭＳ为最佳培养基。此外,本试验还研究了不同碳源、不同激素组合对芦笋皮层离体培养再生植株的影响。     

声波刺激对猕猴桃愈伤组织ATP含量的影响

采用单因子实验设计,分别先固定作为交变应力的声波的频率或强度这两个参数中的一个,而改变另一个指标的值,用声波刺激木本植物中华猕猴桃(Actinidiachinensis)茎段的愈伤组织,并测定对比声波处理前后其ATP含量及变化情况。实验结果表明,声波对猕猴桃愈伤组织ATP的含量有着比较明显的增强或抑制的双重效应,适度的声场刺激将有利于提高植物的能量代谢水平,其中,最适的声波频率为1000Hz,最适声强为100dB左右 。     

农杆菌介导转化小麦幼胚获得抗除草剂再生植株

采用农杆菌介导法转化小麦品种G54授粉10 d后的幼胚,经5‰和2‰ PPT筛选获得83株正常再生植株.PCR及Southern杂交检测证明其中8株再生苗为转bar基因植株,这些植株对除草剂Basta的抗性明显提高.实验结果还证明,高糖浓度的培养基对愈伤组织诱导、植株再生及生根都有显著的促进作用;在感染液和共培养基中添加乙酰丁香酮有利于转化株的筛选.     

Plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis of Elymus sibiricus cv. ‘chuancao No. 2’

The mature seeds, mesocotyls, and young leaf tips of Elymus sibiricus L. cv. ‘chuancao No. 2’ were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 5.0 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d) and 0.05 mg/L kinetin in the dark at 26°C, the calluses were produced. The rate of callus regeneration depended on the explants source and plant growth regulators. Plants regenerated from whitish-yellow-coloured compact nodular callus formed after subculturing for 8 weeks. Higher frequency (54%) of shoot differentiation was obtained from the embryo tissues of mature seed than from either mesocotyls (24%) or young leaf tip tissues (6%) when these calluses from different types of explants were cultured on plant regeneration medium containing half strength MS salts supplemented with 0.1 mg/L kinetin, 1.5 mg/L 2,4-D and 20 g/L sucrose. The green plants were rooted within 6 weeks in the root regeneration medium, and over 97% of these soil-established plants were obtained in the greenhouse when potted in a sand and peat mixture medium.     

东北山地水生鞘翅目昆虫多样性的比较研究

调查了东北长白山自然保护区及辽宁省医巫闾山两地静水水体中水生甲虫．结果表明,长白山阔叶红松林生态系统水生甲虫比辽宁医巫闾山农林复合生态系统水生甲虫物种丰富的多．长白山水生甲虫共有１７个属２９个种,而辽宁医巫闾山水生甲虫只有１０个属１３个种．两地水生甲虫Ｓｈａｎｎｏｎ多样性指数分别为２．１２４、１．６４３,Ｓｈａｎｎｏｎ均匀度分别为１．２６０、０．６４１,两种不同生态系统中的水生甲虫物种多度分布较好地拟合于对数级数模型,均以少数物种为优势种,其中长白山自然保护区水生甲虫以Ｈｙｄｒｏｇｌｙｐｈｕｓｊａｐｏｎｉｃｕｓ、Ｈａｌｉｐｌｕｓｓｉｍｐｌｅｘ为优势种,辽宁医巫闾山水生甲虫则以Ｈｙｄｒｏｇｌｙｐｈｕｓｐｕｓｉｌｕｓ、Ａｇａｂｕｓｕｓｕｒｉｅｎｓｉｓ、Ａｇａｂｕｓｂｒａｎｄｔｉ占优势．     

miR-10a Regulates Proliferation of Human Cardiomyocyte Progenitor Cells by Targeting GATA6

microRNAs (miRNAs) play essential roles in cardiogenesis. The altered expression of miRNAs can result in cardiac malformations by inducing abnormalities in the behavior of cardiac cells. However, the role of miR-10a in the regulation of cardiomyocyte progenitor cells (CMPCs) remains undetermined. In the present study, we found that up- or down-regulation of miR-10a inhibited or promoted the proliferation of human CMPCs, respectively, without affecting their differentiation toward cardiomyocytes. miR-10a bound to GATA6 directly and reduced GATA6 expression. Over-expression of GATA6 greatly attenuated the miR-10a-mediated inhibitory effect on the proliferation of human CMPCs. Thus, our results indicate that miR-10a could effectively modulate the proliferation of human CMPCs by targeting GATA6. The finding provides novel insights into the potency of miR-10a during heart development.     

絮凝菌株Shinella sp. xn-1对铜绿微囊藻的絮凝效果

【目的】研究絮凝功能细菌xn-1对有害水华藻——铜绿微囊藻的絮凝效果,以期为有害水华的治理提供新的选择。【方法】采用涂布划线法从藻际分离纯化絮凝功能微生物;基于16S r RNA基因序列确定进化地位;通过不同金属离子确定絮凝机制;梯度醇沉法获得絮凝物质;以酶标仪测定絮凝效率。【结果】菌株xn-1确定属于申氏杆菌属(Shinella),且命名为Shinella sp.xn-1。在添加Ca~(2+)作为促凝剂的条件下对铜绿微囊藻表现出高效的絮凝效果,其絮凝效果主要来源于胞外上清,而表现出高效的絮凝效果所需要的胞外上清添加量为3.0%。从胞外上清中获得的絮凝物质以0.5 g/L的添加量作用于藻细胞后表现出高效的絮凝效果,且随着处理时间增加,絮凝团的体积增大。【结论】Shinella sp.xn-1通过分泌胞外絮凝物质对铜绿微囊藻表现出高效的絮凝效果,在絮凝作用下藻细胞聚集在一起形成大体积的絮凝团,该研究有利于治理有害水华。