马传染性贫血病毒基因非编码区LTR嵌合克隆的构建

在已有全长感染性克隆pLGFD3-8和pD70344的基础上,根据马传贫弱毒疫苗致弱过程中不同代次毒株LTR序列的分析,在LTR U3区选取特定的酶切位点对EIAV非编码区LTR基因进行了部分替换.将替换的全基因克隆转染驴胎皮肤细胞(FDD)并以驴白细胞(DL)传代,用逆转录酶活性检测、RT-PCR方法及Real-time RT-PCR验证其感染性.结果发现,其衍生病毒感染上述两种细胞均出现明显的细胞病变;细胞培养上清可检测到RT酶活性和RT-PCR阳性.电镜下可见大量典型的EIAV颗粒.pLGFD9-12嵌合克隆衍生病毒与其父本克隆衍生病毒pLGFD3-8具有相似的复制水平,pLGFD9-12嵌合克隆衍生病毒在DL细胞上复制水平略高于FDD细胞.此结果为进一步深入研究LTR对马传染性贫血病毒复制水平和毒力的影响奠定了基础.     

黄猄蚁对橡胶盔蚧种群消长的影响

调查西双版纳地区黄猄蚁OecophyllasmaragdinaFabricius对橡胶盔蚧Parasaissetianigra(Nietner)种群数量和寄生蜂的影响。结果表明:黄猄蚁对橡胶盔蚧种群消长及寄生蜂均有影响。"有蚂蚁"枝条上介壳虫种群数量显著高于"无蚂蚁"枝条。"有蚂蚁"枝条介壳虫死亡率和寄生蜂都显著低于"无蚂蚁"枝条。说明黄猄蚁的存在影响了橡胶树介壳虫的种群繁殖率和死亡率。建议在今后综合防治中,充分利用蚂蚁与橡胶树介壳虫关系。通过驱逐橡胶树上的蚂蚁来有效遏制介壳虫的发生。     

一株广谱中和抗原性出血热病毒株的发现

一株分离自杭州市褐家鼠的出血热病毒Gou_3株的免疫血清对10株I型病毒的中和滴度除二株为160外均为320,而对4株Ⅱ型病毒的滴度为320—640,说明Gou_3株免疫血清对两型毒株中和效价大多数无差异或只差2倍,是一株中和抗原广谱的毒株。用I型和Ⅱ型毒株免疫血清对Gou_3株进行型别检定结果表明Gou_3株是Ⅱ型病毒。     

Compositional changes in cell wall polysaccharides from chilled and non-chilled cucumber fruit

Cell wall carbohydrate composition and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) content have been determined in chilled (2.5°) and non-chilled (12.5°) cucumber fruit. The major compositional change that accompanied the increased capability for ACC synthesis during chilling was a diminished loss of galactose residues, relative to the loss which occurred at 12.5°. However, the loss of galactose residues increased markedly when fruit were transferred from 2.5° to 20°, and wall galactose levels eventually declined to similar levels in both chilled and non-chilled fruit. Rhamnose, arabinose, xylose, mannose and cellulose content of walls was similar in chilled and non-chilled fruit and did not change substantially upon transfer of fruit to 20°. Upon transfer of chilled fruit from 2.5° to 20°, an increase in the relative amount of galacturonic acid in cell walls occurred; this change did not occur in non-chilled fruit. Thus, chilling stress results in a rapid change in the neutral sugar and galacturonic acid composition of cell wall pectic polysaccharides upon warming.     

丹霞地貌沟谷生态效应

以广东省丹霞山为研究实例,探讨丹霞地貌特殊的沟谷生态效应.结果表明,丹霞地貌的特殊沟谷生态效应体现在以下两个方面:第一是丹霞地貌演变过程中形成了众多石峰隆起和沟谷凹陷,特殊的地貌环境使得沟谷中的生态因子与其它非丹霞地貌开阔区域产生差异,小气候相对封闭,水湿条件极好,为喜高温高湿的热带物种提供了较好的生存环境;沟谷所处位置的地理环境,如四周崖壁的光滑程度会影响到太阳光反射到沟谷的光强,这些都会对沟谷中的温湿度产生影响.第二是丹霞地貌特殊的生态条件,为沟谷地带孕育出一批热带性较强的分类群提供了可能,与相近纬度的诸多植被相比,丹霞地貌植物区系热带性明显增强,热带分布区类型所占比重比同纬度区域要大10%以上,大多数沟谷中热带性物种分布现象比较明显,藤本分布较多,蕨类植物也较丰富,耐水湿的植物区系发育良好;这实际上造成了植物水平分布上的移位,使中亚热带区域中分布有南亚热带甚至热带区域的物种,出现了由于其特殊的沟谷地貌效应而形成的与其地貌条件保持协调和平衡的演替顶级群落类型,称为地貌顶级群落.     

慢性肾脏病并发左室肥厚现况及其危险因素

目的：探索中老年慢性肾脏病并发左室肥厚（LVH）的现况及其危险因素。方法：对我院肾内科住院的40-75岁CKD2-5期患者210例的病历资料进行回顾性分析。结果：（1）心脏舒张功能减退发生率高于收缩功能减退（79.1%VS 20.3%P=0.000）;左房扩大检出率高于左室扩大检出率（46.5%VS 19.8%P=0.000）;室间隔增厚检出率（IVSH）也高于左室后壁增厚检出率（LVPWH）（43.0%VS 21.1%P=0.000）;LVH的发生率高于IVSH检出率（47.9%VS 35%P=0.001）,其中女性LVH高于男性（73.2%VS31.0%P=0.000）,然而若采用另外一种诊断标准,两者并无统计学差异（50%VS 34.5%P=0.068）。（2）IVSH组收缩压、脉压、血肌酐均高于无IVSH组。IVSH组除上述因素外血磷尚高于无IVSH组,但在CKD5期的亚组分析中仅收缩压与对照组相比有统计学差异。LVH组收缩压、脉压均高于无LVH组,而血红蛋白、体质指数则低于对照组。进一步Logistic回归分析提示仅性别、体质指数有统计学意义。结论：（1）40-75岁的心血管疾病高危的CKD患者中,采用超声心动图诊断LVH,根据公式计算的LVMI诊断阳性率最高,但诊断切点仍需进一步研究。（2）收缩压升高、脉压增大、贫血、低体质指数、女性均可能是LVH的危险因素,控制血压、纠正贫血和营养不良可能是防治LVH的重要靶点。     

Acetone-soluble cellulose acetates prepared by one-step homogeneous acetylation of cornhusk cellulose in an ionic liquid 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (AmimCl)

Cellulose samples extracted from cornhusk have been successfully acetylated in an ionic liquid 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (AmimCl). Without using any catalyst, cornhusk cellulose acetates (CCAs) with the degree of substitution (DS) in a range from 2.16 to 2.63 were prepared in one-step. Under the homogeneous state, the DS value of CCAs was easily controlled by the acetylation time. The obtained CCAs were characterized by means of FT-IR, ¹³C NMR, DSC, TGA, and a mechanical test. The NMR results showed that the distribution of the acetyl moiety among the three OH groups of the anhydroglucose unit shows a preference at the C₆ position. The CCAs exhibited good solubility in some organic solvents, such as acetone and DMSO. The cast CCA films from their acetone solutions had good mechanical properties. At the end of each acetylation of cornhusk cellulose, the ionic liquid AmimCl could be effectively recovered. Therefore, this study presents a promising approach and “green process” to make use of crop by-products.     

利用土壤宏基因组技术定向筛选抗生素产生菌的方法学建立

为了快速从土壤中定向筛选抗生素产生菌, 本研究利用宏基因组技术进行了土壤中抗生素产生菌快速筛选方法的探索。对6 种不同土质的土壤利用液氮冷冻法提取土壤基因组DNA 并用PVPP柱层析法进行纯化, 每克湿土可得到32.25?61.25 μg DNA, 片段大小为23 kb左右, 说明宏基因组DNA样品完整, 16S rDNA的 PCR结果证明了该基因组DNA纯度可用于后期的分子操作。利用Herbimycin产生菌掺入法进行了抗生素产生菌筛选方法学的验证。结果证明, 每克湿土掺入103个Herbimycin产生菌时, 利用Herbimycin合成基因簇的特定引物即可从所提取的土壤基因组DNA中扩增出目标条带, 并且可以利用传统菌种分离方法从土壤中重新分离出来被掺入到土壤的Herbimycin产生菌。这些结果证明本研究建立的定向抗生素产生菌筛选方法, 具有快捷、灵敏的特点, 大大减少传统筛选方法的工作强度和时间, 为微生物新药的研发建立一种全新的研究方法。