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141.
Zhiyu Wan Yevgeniy Vorobeychik Weiyi Xia Ellen Wright Clayton Murat Kantarcioglu Ranjit Ganta Raymond Heatherly Bradley A. Malin 《PloS one》2015,10(3)
Given the potential wealth of insights in personal data the big databases can provide, many organizations aim to share data while protecting privacy by sharing de-identified data, but are concerned because various demonstrations show such data can be re-identified. Yet these investigations focus on how attacks can be perpetrated, not the likelihood they will be realized. This paper introduces a game theoretic framework that enables a publisher to balance re-identification risk with the value of sharing data, leveraging a natural assumption that a recipient only attempts re-identification if its potential gains outweigh the costs. We apply the framework to a real case study, where the value of the data to the publisher is the actual grant funding dollar amounts from a national sponsor and the re-identification gain of the recipient is the fine paid to a regulator for violation of federal privacy rules. There are three notable findings: 1) it is possible to achieve zero risk, in that the recipient never gains from re-identification, while sharing almost as much data as the optimal solution that allows for a small amount of risk; 2) the zero-risk solution enables sharing much more data than a commonly invoked de-identification policy of the U.S. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA); and 3) a sensitivity analysis demonstrates these findings are robust to order-of-magnitude changes in player losses and gains. In combination, these findings provide support that such a framework can enable pragmatic policy decisions about de-identified data sharing. 相似文献
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Belousov A. V. Morozov V. N. Krusanov G. A. Kolyvanova M. A. Shtil A. A. 《Biophysics》2019,64(1):23-30
Biophysics - Abstract—Modification of the surface of gold nanoparticles with polyethylene glycol (PEG) is widely used to investigate radiosensitization in vivo. This modification may lead to... 相似文献
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Autoinducer-2 (AI-2) is a cell-to-cell signaling molecule which is thought to be utilized for quorum sensing processes by a variety of prokaryotic species. This molecule is usually detected using a so-called autoinducer bioassay, which relies on the ability of a Vibrio harveyi reporter strain to produce light in response to AI-2. However, as previously reported, the presence of glucose in the sample can inhibit the bioluminescence of the reporter strain, a fact that is often ignored by investigators. Our data suggest that the presence of glucose in concentrations below that required for the inhibition of bioluminescence may lead to incorrect AI-2 readings and produce misleading (false-positive) results. Our findings also suggest that even if all the limitations of this bioassay are considered, the large standard deviation of the method allows only for a qualitative and not quantitative interpretation of the obtained results. 相似文献
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K Iu Bogdanov S I Zakharov V V Belousov L V Rozenshtraukh 《Biulleten' eksperimental'no? biologii i meditsiny》1985,100(11):566-568
The effects of caffeine (0.5-12 mM) and cooling on the mechanical noise (MN) and relaxation rate of contractile response (RR) were studied in experiments on rat papillary muscles. Mean frequency of MN and RR were found to have similar temperature dependences from 12 to 32 degrees C. MN amplitude was more sensitive to the action of sarcoplasmic reticulum activity blocker, caffeine, than RR one. MN as an index of sarcoplasmic reticulum activity made it possible to demonstrate a competition between caffeine and local anaesthetics described earlier for skeletal muscles. 相似文献
148.
Aleksandr A. Lanin Artem S. Chebotarev Matvei S. Pochechuev Ilya V. Kelmanson Daria A. Kotova Dmitry S. Bilan Yulia G. Ermakova Andrei B. Fedotov Anatoly A. Ivanov Vsevolod V. Belousov Aleksei M. Zheltikov 《Journal of biophotonics》2020,13(3)
We demonstrate an accurate quantitative characterization of absolute two‐ and three‐photon absorption (2PA and 3PA) action cross sections of a genetically encodable fluorescent marker Sypher3s. Both 2PA and 3PA action cross sections of this marker are found to be remarkably high, enabling high‐brightness, cell‐specific two‐ and three‐photon fluorescence brain imaging. Brain imaging experiments on sliced samples of rat's cortical areas are presented to demonstrate these imaging modalities. The 2PA action cross section of Sypher3s is shown to be highly sensitive to the level of pH, enabling pH measurements via a ratiometric readout of the two‐photon fluorescence with two laser excitation wavelengths, thus paving the way toward fast optical pH sensing in deep‐tissue experiments. 相似文献
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Julie A. Pavlin Howard S. Burkom Yevgeniy Elbert Cynthia Lucero-Obusan Carla A. Winston Kenneth L. Cox Gina Oda Joseph S. Lombardo Mark Holodniy 《PloS one》2013,8(12)