IS1491fromPseudomonas alcaligenesNCIB 9867: Characterization and Distribution amongPseudomonasSpecies

A new insertion sequence, IS1491,has been cloned and sequenced. The 2489-bp IS1491was isolated from aPseudomonas alcaligenesNCIB 9867 (strain P25X) 4.8-kbPstI chromosomal fragment. IS1491is flanked by an imperfect inverted repeat of 23 bp and carries two overlapping open reading frames, ORF1 and ORF2. Both ORF1 and ORF2 displayed homology to the IstA-like and IstB-like transposases encoded by the IS21family of insertion sequences, which include two IS elements previously isolated fromP. alcaligenesP25X, IS1474,and IS1475(Yeo, C. C., and Poh, C. L. (1997).FEMS Microbiol. Lett.149,257–263). Transposition assays showed that IS1491transposed at a frequency of approximately 1.4 × 10⁻⁶. Transposition of IS1491into the target pRK415 replicon was observed but when ORF2 was disrupted, a fusion between the donor and target replicons was detected. IS1491-like sequences were detected in total DNA ofPseudomonas putidaNCIB 9869 (strain P35X),Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas stutzeri, Pseudomonas syringae, Pseudomonas mendocina, Comomonas acidovorans,andComomonas testosteroniby hybridization with IS1491DNA.     

Autophagy Blockade Limits HER2+ Breast Cancer Tumorigenesis by Perturbing HER2 Trafficking and Promoting Release Via Small Extracellular Vesicles

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Changes in contents of photosynthetic pigments and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase activity during the development of globular somatic embryo into the plantlet of Siberian ginseng

During the development of the globular embryos via heart-shaped, torpedo-shaped, and cotyledonary embryos into plantlets, contents of chlorophyll (Chl) a and b and carotenoids, and activity of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (RuBPC, EC 4.1.1.39) were investigated. In the solid cultivation (SC) the contents of Chl a, Chl b, Chl a/b, and total pigments increased up to plantlet stage. In the liquid cultivation (LC), contents of Chl a, Chl b, and total pigments increased till the torpedo-shaped stage, but decreased with the further development up to plantlets stage. During SC, RuBPC activity increased up to the torpedo-shaped embryo stage, but in the LC RuPBC activity increased continuously with the progress in the developmental stages. The correlations between Chl a and RuBPC activity on the SC and LC were negative, r = −0.26 and −0.56, respectively.     

Freshwater crab origins—Laying Gondwana to rest

We review the available data on the phylogeny, palaeontology and divergence time estimation of primary freshwater crabs in relation to a hypothesized Gondwanan origin of these brachyurans, as postulated by some workers in recent decades. Known phylogenetic relationships within the Old World freshwater crabs do not correspond to the successive fragmentation of the Gondwana continent. This is strong evidence against an ancestral Gondwanan distribution of Afrotropical Potamonautidae and Asian-Australian Gecarcinucidae. The fossil record of freshwater crabs (no older than the Oligocene) and heterotreme brachyurans also postdate the initial break up of Gondwana. Molecular-clock based time estimates for the most common recent ancestor of freshwater crab families differ profoundly, depending on the method of calibration used, and whether freshwater or marine brachyuran fossils are used as calibration points. As such, molecular clock estimates calibrated on freshwater crab fossils favour a post-Gondwanan evolution of freshwater crabs whereas calibration based on marine brachyuran fossils date their last common ancestor before the fragmentation of Gondwana.     

Long-Term Prognosis of Acute Myocardial Infarction Associated With Metabolic Health and Obesity Status

ObjectiveEmerging evidence supports the favorable cardiovascular health in nonobese subjects with healthy metabolism. However, little is known regarding the prognosis across the range of metabolic phenotypes once cardiovascular disease is established. We examined the prognosis of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) stratified according to metabolic health and obesity status.MethodsThis is a retrospective study on consecutive patients with AMI admitted to a tertiary hospital between 2014 and 2021. Patients were allocated into the following 4 groups based on metabolic and obesity profile: (1) metabolically healthy obese (MHO), (2) metabolically healthy nonobese (MHNO), (3) metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO), and (4) metabolically unhealthy nonobese (MUNO). Metabolic health was defined in accordance to the Biobank Standardisation and Harmonisation for Research Excellence in the European Union Healthy Obese Project. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality. The Cox regression analysis examined the independent association between mortality and metabolic phenotypes, adjusting for age, sex, AMI type, chronic kidney disease, smoking status, and left ventricular ejection fraction.ResultsOf 9958 patients, the majority (68.5%) were MUNO, followed by MUO (25.1%), MHNO (5.6%), and MHO (0.8%). MHO had the lowest mortality (7.4%), followed by MHNO (9.7%), MUO (19.2%), and MUNO (22.6%) (P < .001). Compared with MHNO, MUO (hazard ratio [HR], 1.737; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.282-2.355; P < .001) and MUNO (HR, 1.482; 95% CI, 1.108-1.981; P = .008) had a significantly higher mortality risk but not MHO (HR, 1.390; 95% CI, 0.594-3.251; P = .447), after adjusting for confounders. The Kaplan-Meier curves showed favorable survival in the metabolically healthy and obesity groups, with the highest overall survival in the MHO, followed by MHNO, MUO, and MUNO (P < .001).ConclusionMetabolically healthy and obese patients with AMI have favorable prognosis compared with metabolically unhealthy and nonobese patients. It is equally important to prioritize intensive metabolic risk factor management to weight reduction in the early phase after AMI.     

Edaphic relationships among Cirsio-Molinietum and related wet grassland communities in lowland Wales

Abstract. Soil properties are characterized for a range of the Molinietalia vegetation types in lowland Wales. In this oceanic region there is overlap in the distribution of various forms of wet pasture dominated by Molinia caerulea and Juncus acutiflorus. There is subtle and continuous variation in species composition among four communities investigated; this has been analysed by Detrended Correspondence Analysis and partitioned between subcommunities recognized in Rodwell (1991). Canonical Variates Analysis indicated that the main differences in soil conditions between the vegetation classes are related to gradients in base-status; apparent variation in soil fertility may also be significant and requires further investigation. In general, Molinia-Cirsium dissectum fen-meadow soils have higher pH, higher Ca-levels, greater base saturation and lower acidity than Molinia-Potentilla erecta wet grasslands; those of Juncus-Galium palustre rush-pasture and Molinia-Crepis paludosa mire had relatively high levels of inorganic N. The findings are discussed with reference to ecological and phytosociological relationships, and also in the context of nature conservation.     

Mycobacterium massiliense is differentiated from Mycobacterium abscessus and Mycobacterium bolletii by erythromycin ribosome methyltransferase gene (erm) and clarithromycin susceptibility patterns

Erythromycin ribosome methyltransferase gene (erm) sequences of Mycobacterium massiliense and Mycobacterium bolletii isolates were newly investigated. Forty nine strains of M. massiliense that were analyzed in the present study had a deleted erm(41). Due to a frame‐shift mutation, large deletion, and truncated C‐terminal region, the Erm(41) of M. massiliense had only 81 amino acids encoded by 246 nucleotides. Corresponding to these findings, most of the M. massiliense isolates (89.8%) were markedly clarithromycin susceptible, but resistant strains invariably had a point mutation at the adenine (A₂₀₅₈ or A₂₀₅₉) in the peptidyltransferase region of the 23S rRNA gene, which is quite different from Mycobacterium abscessus and M. bolletii. In addition, erm(41) sequences of M. massiliense were more conserved than those of M. abscessus and M. bolletii. The results of species identification using erm(41) showed concordant results with those of multi‐locus sequence analysis (rpoB, hsp65, sodA and 16S‐23S ITS) where there were originally inconsistent results between rpoB and hsp65 sequence analysis in previous research. Therefore, erm(41) PCR that was used in the present study can be efficiently used to simply differentiate M. massiliense from M. abscessus and M. bolletii.