Characterization and kinetics of soybean maturation and monocarpic senescence

Daring monocarpic senescence in potted soybeans ( Glycine maxi (L.) Merrill cv. Anoka) grown in controlled-environment chambers, foliar chlorophyll, soluble protein nitrogen, total nitrogen, and starch decline (roughly in that order). All of these precede visible yellowing and, of course, abscission. The pattern of yellowing within a leaf is not uniform and is closely paralleled by starch loss. Unexpectedly, acid-soluble nitrogen rises slightly before the total foliar nitrogen declines. Foliar fresh weight and total dry matter/cm2 of leaf surface decline little if at all before shedding. Preceding and even during the foliar yellowing, the seeds rapidly accumulate dry matter and nitrogen. Yellowing appears first in the radicle tip, then in the rest of the axis and the leaves and finally in the carpels. Ability to germinate is acquired at about the time the radicle + hypocotyl turns yellow. The relationship between these changes and their role in senescence is discussed.     

The Prevalence of Metabolic and Endocrine Disturbances on Fracture Nonunion

ObjectiveThis study aims to determine the prevalence of metabolic disturbance in all fracture nonunion cases and identify the most common endocrine abnormalities seen using a simple screening algorithm.MethodsA retrospective review study was performed evaluating patients who underwent operative intervention for nonunion from January 2010 to December 2018 at 2 level-1 trauma centers. Preoperative laboratory values were recorded for a 9-test “nonunion panel.” A metabolic or endocrine abnormality, specifically an abnormality in the thyroid or parathyroid axis, was evaluated.Results42% of patients had an undiagnosed metabolic laboratory abnormality. When multiple tests were used, the rate of metabolic dysfunction was between 60% and 75%, depending on the definition of vitamin D insufficiency vs deficiency used.ConclusionResults indicate a relatively high prevalence of metabolic disturbance in patients with nonunion and suggest metabolic screening for all nonunion patients not only those without a mechanical or infectious cause.Level of EvidenceIV, retrospective case series.     

Woody plant composition and diversity of urban green spaces in Istanbul,Turkey

Abstract

The high urbanization rate of Istanbul in response to rapid population decreased the size and amount of green spaces. Thereby, every green space types are of vital importance in terms of conservation of urban biodiversity. In this study, it was aimed to compare woody species composition of main green space types consist of artificial and natural sites. Botanical gardens had the highest diversity followed by gardens. Residential areas showed to be important in terms of shrub (52%) and evergreen species (58%), which are mostly exotics (71%). The ratio of the invasive plants in the composition was higher in parks, which contain highway greenings and public gardens. Since the most tree species used in public green areas of Istanbul were mostly same with the species used in European cities, all of the green space categories having varied composition must be considered as interconnected habitat patches in urban planning.