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51.
Lina Baz Aala A. Abulfaraj Manal A. Tashkandi Hanadi M. Baeissa Mohammed Y. Refai Aminah A. Barqawi Ashwag Shami Haneen W. Abuauf Ruba A. Ashy Rewaa S. Jalal 《Phyton》2022,91(10):2249-2268
The present study aimed to predict differential enrichment of pathways and compounds in the rhizosphere
microbiomes of the two wild plants (Abutilon fruticosum and Nitrosalsola vermiculata) and to predict functional
shifts in microbiomes due to water. Amplicon sequencing of 16S rRNA region V3–V4 was done and gene-based
microbial compositions were enrolled in PICRUSt to predict enriched pathways and compounds. The results indicated that “ABC transporters” and “Quorum sensing” pathways are among the highest enriched pathways in rhizosphere microbiomes of the two wild plants compared with those of the bulk soil microbiomes. The highest
enriched compounds in soil microbiomes of the two wild plants included five proteins and three enzymes participating in one or more KEGG pathways. Six of these eight compounds showed higher predicted enrichment in
rhizosphere soil microbiomes, while only one, namely phosphate transport system substrate-binding protein,
showed higher enrichment in the surrounding bulk soil microbiomes. In terms of differentially enriched compounds due to watering, only the dual-specific aspartyl-tRNA (Asn)/glutamyl-tRNA (Gln) amidotransferase subunit A showed higher enrichment in rhizosphere soil of the two wild plants after 24 h of watering. Two of the
highly enriched compounds namely branched-chain amino acid transport system ATP-binding protein and
branched-chain amino acid transport system substrate-binding protein, are encoded by genes stimulated by
the plant’s GABA that participates in conferring biotic and abiotic stresses in plants and improves the plant’s
growth performance. The 3-Oxoacyl-[ACP] reductase, a member of the short-chain alcohol dehydrogenase/
reductase (SDR) superfamily, participates in fatty acids elongation cycles and contributes to plant-microbe symbiotic relationships, while enoyl-CoA hydratase has a reverse action as it participates in “Fatty acid degradation”
pathway. The methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein is an environmental signal that sense “Bacterial chemotaxis”
pathway to help establishing symbiosis with plant roots by recruiting/colonizing of microbial partners (symbionts) to plant rhizosphere. This information justifies the high enrichment of compounds in plant rhizosphere.
The dual-specific aspartyl-tRNA (Asn)/glutamyl-tRNA (Gln) amidotransferase subunit A contributes to the plant
ability to respond to watering as it participates in attaching the correct amino acid during translation to its cognate tRNA species, while hydrolyzing incorrectly attached amino acid. These two actions reduce the influence
of oxidative stress in generating misfolded proteins and in reducing fidelity of translation. 相似文献
52.
53.
H2DIDS, the dihydro analog of DIDS (4,4′-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2′-disulfonic acid) can interact covalently with membrane sites, resulting in an irreversible inhibition of anion exchange. At low temperatures (0°C) and for relatively short times, however, its interaction is largely reversible, so that a kinetic analysis of the nature of its inhibitory effect on Cl? self exchange can be performed. The effects of variations in the chloride concentration on the inhibitory potency of H2DIDS are consistent with the concept that Cl? and H2DIDS compete for the transport site of the anion exchange system. The value of Ki for H2DIDS is 0.046 μM, indicating that H2DIDS has a higher affinity for the transport system than any other inhibitor so far examined. If, as seems probable, the covalent labelling of H2DIDS occurs at the same site as the reversible binding, H2DIDS can be used as a covalent label for the transport site. The specific localization of H2DIDS in the band-3 protein thus indicates that this protein participates directly in anion exchange. 相似文献
54.
Crenarchaeotes found in mesophilic marine environments were recently placed into a new phylum of Archaea called the Thaumarchaeota.
However, very few molecular characteristics of this new phylum are currently known which can be used to distinguish them from
the Crenarchaeota. In addition, their relationships to deep-branching archaeal lineages are unclear. We report here detailed
analyses of protein sequences from Crenarchaeota and Thaumarchaeota that have identified many conserved signature indels (CSIs)
and signature proteins (SPs) (i.e., proteins for which all significant blast hits are from these groups) that are specific
for these archaeal groups. Of the identified signatures 6 CSIs and 13 SPs are specific for the Crenarchaeota phylum; 6 CSIs
and >250 SPs are uniquely found in various Thaumarchaeota (viz. Cenarchaeum symbiosum, Nitrosopumilus maritimus and a number of uncultured marine crenarchaeotes) and 3 CSIs and ~10 SPs are found in both Thaumarchaeota and Crenarchaeota
species. Some of the molecular signatures are also present in Korarchaeum
cryptofilum, which forms the independent phylum Korarchaeota. Although some of these molecular signatures suggest a distant shared ancestry between Thaumarchaeota and Crenarchaeota, our
identification of large numbers of Thaumarchaeota-specific proteins and their deep branching between the Crenarchaeota and
Euryarchaeota phyla in phylogenetic trees shows that they are distinct from both Crenarchaeota and Euryarchaeota in both genetic
and phylogenetic terms. These observations support the placement of marine mesophilic archaea into the separate phylum Thaumarchaeota.
Additionally, many CSIs and SPs have been found that are specific for different orders within Crenarchaeota (viz. Sulfolobales—3
CSIs and 169 SPs, Thermoproteales—5 CSIs and 25 SPs, Desulfurococcales—4 SPs, and Sulfolobales and Desulfurococcales—2 CSIs
and 18 SPs). The signatures described here provide novel means for distinguishing the Crenarchaeota and the Thaumarchaeota
and for the classification of related and novel species in different environments. Functional studies on these signature proteins
could lead to discovery of novel biochemical properties that are unique to these groups of archaea. 相似文献
55.
Priscilla Tucker Lois Laemle Amanda Munson Shami Kanekar Edward R. Oliver Nadean Brown Hans Schlecht Monica Vetter Tom Glaser 《Genesis (New York, N.Y. : 2000)》2001,31(1):43-53
Summary: The eyeless inbred mouse strain ZRDCT has long served as a spontaneous model for human anophthalmia and the evolutionary reduction of eyes that has occurred in some naturally blind mammals. ZRDCT mice have orbits but lack eyes and optic tracts and have hypothalamic abnormalities. Segregation data suggest that a small number of interacting genes are responsible, including at least one major recessive locus, ey1. Although predicted since the 1940s, these loci were never identified. We mapped ey1 to chromosome 18 using an F2 genome scan and there found a Met10→Leu mutation in Rx/rax, a homeobox gene that is expressed in the anterior headfold, developing retina, pineal, and hypothalamus and is translated via a leaky scanning mechanism. The mutation affects a conserved AUG codon that functions as an alternative translation initiation site and consequently reduces the abundance of Rx protein. In contrast to a targeted Rx null allele, which causes anophthalmia, central nervous system defects, and neonatal death, the hypomorphic M10L allele is fully viable. genesis 31:43–53, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. 相似文献
56.
In a previous study, we presented evidence for the existence of a nucleotide-binding site (NBS) in the N-terminal region of the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC1). In this study, further localization and possible roles of the proposed VDAC1-NBS were investigated using site-directed mutagenesis. The predicated NBS of murine VDAC1 (mVDAC1) was mutated by replacing two glycine residues with alanines or a conserved lysine residue with a serine. Expression of the G21A,G23A- and K20S-mVDAC1s in human T-REx-293 cells in which endogenous VDAC1 expression had been silenced affected cell growth and cytosolic ATP levels. While G21A,G23A-mVDAC1-expressing cells displayed growth rates similar to native-mVDAC1-expressing cells, the K20S-mVDAC1-expressing cells displayed significantly retarded growth and increased resistance to cell death. Cells expressing either mVDAC1 mutant also displayed significantly reduced cellular ATP levels. When K20S-mutant mVDAC1 was expressed in porin1-less yeast, the transformed cells grew slower on non-fermentable carbon sources, while isolated mitochondria expressing either mVDAC1 mutant showed significant reduction in ATP synthesis. Purified K20S-mVDAC1 displayed a significant decrease in [alpha-(32)P]BzATP-binding and altered channel properties, that is, reduced ion selectivity, while the G21A,G23A-mutant protein displayed only a mild reduction in channel selectivity. These results suggest that mutations in the proposed VDAC1-NBS, particularly the K20S, altered channel activity, thereby interfering with VDAC function as the major pathway for the transport of metabolites and adenine nucleotides across the outer mitochondrial membrane. Finally, involvement of the VDAC1-NBS in the control of mitochondrial ATP synthesis, cell growth and viability is discussed. 相似文献
57.
58.
Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a 15 kDa cytokine secreted by T-cells. Consequence to its natural function as locally secreted short-term messenger, its half-life in circulation is short and provided mainly by fast renal clearance due to its low molecular weight and its proteolytic susceptibility. These are common characteristics for most cytokines, resulting in low clinical utility. In this study we report the construction of an IL-2 fusion-protein comprising a protective anti-hIL-2 single chain antibody that was selected from a phage display library and the hIL-2. This IL-2 fusion-protein is fully human and resistant to inactivation by the ubiquitous lysosomal protease-cathepsin D, which is implicated in the in vivo inactivation of IL-2. In contrast, the native IL-2 lost practically all of its activity under these conditions. This resistance is due to the interaction of the single chain domain with its epitope on IL-2 thus masking possible cleavage sites. We suggest that this 45 kDa proteolysis resistant IL-2 fusion-protein upon further increase of its molecular weight by common fusion techniques to at least 75 kDa will exhibit significantly longer half-life in vivo and a higher clinical utility than either the native IL-2 or any of its reported long T/2 derivatives. 相似文献
59.
C E Gagna H R Kuo E Florea W Shami R Taormina N Vaswani M Gupta R Vijh W C Lambert 《The journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry》2001,49(7):929-930
Apoptosis is the ordered chain of events that lead to cell destruction. Terminal differentiation (denucleation) is the process in which cells lose their nuclei but remain functional. Our group examined cell death in three tissues using two different fixatives and a postfixation procedure, involving young (5 months) and old (2 years) guinea pigs. The data reveal that B-DNA and Z-DNA content decreases, whereas single-stranded (ss-) DNA increases, in older tissues undergoing apoptosis (skin and cornea) and terminal differentiation (ocular lens). We speculate that some of the factors that contribute to the aging process might also be responsible for the enhanced amount of damaged DNA in older tissues undergoing cell death. (J Histochem 49:929-930, 2001) 相似文献
60.
Quantal release of glutamate generates pure kainate and mixed AMPA/kainate EPSCs in hippocampal neurons 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
The relative contribution of kainate receptors to ongoing glutamatergic activity is at present unknown. We report the presence of spontaneous, miniature, and minimal stimulation-evoked excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) that are mediated solely by kainate receptors (EPSC(kainate)) or by both AMPA and kainate receptors (EPSC(AMPA/kainate)). EPSC(kainate) and EPSC(AMPA/kainate) are selectively enriched in CA1 interneurons and mossy fibers synapses of CA3 pyramidal neurons, respectively. In CA1 interneurons, the decay time constant of EPSC(kainate) (circa 10 ms) is comparable to values obtained in heterologous expression systems. In both hippocampal neurons, the quantal release of glutamate generates kainate receptor-mediated EPSCs that provide as much as half of the total glutamatergic current. Kainate receptors are, therefore, key players of the ongoing glutamatergic transmission in the hippocampus. 相似文献