择伐对动物多样性的影响

择伐是生态林业持续利用的一种途径 ,即以达到在经济上是可持续的 ,保持稳定的木材产量 ,同时保护生物多样性。择伐对动物多样性的影响成为生物多样性保护和生态林业持续性研究的一个焦点。择伐因不同地区和不同森林类型以及择伐木的树种、大小、生长状况、分布格局、择伐的强度等不同 ,对不同动物类群的影响可能不同。大多数研究认为 ,在采伐迹地中 ,分布范围广或广适应种的物种多样性或丰富度将增加 ,而适应于原始林的专化种或狭生种的物种多样性或丰富度将下降。在自然干扰频繁的地区 ,择伐对动物多样性影响相对较小。在热带原始林 ,动物多样性受择伐影响大 ,而在温带森林 ,动物多样性受影响小。轻度的择伐对动物多样性影响小 ,因而与生物多样性保护相协调。采伐时 ,动物的食物树种、枯死木和为动物提供洞穴的树应得到保护。大多数研究仅比较了择伐对动物多样性的影响 ,而对择伐对动物多样性影响的生态学机制探讨较少。我国这方面开展的研究较少。未来的研究重点包括了解择伐对动物多样性影响的生态学机理、择伐对动物遗传多样性、生态系统过程、非指示类群的影响以及枯死木的生态功能。     

Circular RNA circ‐RCCD promotes cardiomyocyte differentiation in mouse embryo development via recruiting YY1 to the promoter of MyD88

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common birth defect, affecting approximately 1% of live births. Genetic and environmental factors are leading factors to CHD, but the mechanism of CHD pathogenesis remains unclear. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are kinds of endogenous non‐coding RNAs (ncRNAs) involved in a variety of physiological and pathological processes, especially in heart diseases. In this study, three significant differently expressed circRNA between maternal embryonic day (E) E13 and E17 was found by microarray assay. Among them, the content of circ‐RCCD increases with the development of heart and was enriched in primary cardiomyocytes of different species, which arouses our attention. Functional experiments revealed that inhibition of circ‐RCCD dramatically suppressed the formation of beating cell clusters, the fluorescence intensity of cardiac differentiation marker MF20, and the expression of the myocardial‐specific markers CTnT, Mef2c, and GATA4. Next, we found that circ‐RCCD was involved in cardiomyocyte differentiation through negative regulation of MyD88 expression. Further experiments proved that circ‐RCCD inhibited MyD88 levels by recruiting YY1 to the promoter of MyD88; circ‐RCCD inhibited nuclear translocation of YY1. These results reported that circ‐RCCD promoted cardiomyocyte differentiation by recruiting YY1 to the promoter of MyD88. And, this study provided a potential role and molecular mechanism of circ‐RCCD as a target for the treatment of CHD.     

A Fluorescent Recombinase Aided Amplification Assay for Detection of Babesia microti

Babesia microti is one of the most common causative agents of babesiosis. A sensitive and rapid detection is necessary for screening potentially infected individuals. In this study, B. microti cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (cox1) was selected as the target gene, multiple primers were designed, and optimized by a recombinase-aided amplification (RAA) assay. The optimal primers and probe were labeled with fluorescein. The sensitivity of fluorescent RAA (fRAA) was evaluated using gradient diluents of the cox1 recombinant plasmid and genomic DNA extracted from whole blood of B. microti infected mice. The specificity of fRAA was assessed by other transfusion transmitted parasites. The analytical sensitivity of the fRAA assay was 10 copies of recombinant plasmid per reaction and 10 fg/μl B. microti genomic DNA. No cross-reaction with any other blood-transmitted parasites was observed. Our results demonstrated that the fRAA assay would be rapid, sensitive, and specific for the detection of B. microti.     

Selective pericentromeric heterochromatin dismantling caused by TP53 activation during senescence

Cellular senescence triggers various types of heterochromatin remodeling that contribute to aging. However, the age-related mechanisms that lead to these epigenetic alterations remain elusive. Here, we asked how two key aging hallmarks, telomere shortening and constitutive heterochromatin loss, are mechanistically connected during senescence. We show that, at the onset of senescence, pericentromeric heterochromatin is specifically dismantled consisting of chromatin decondensation, accumulation of DNA breakages, illegitimate recombination and loss of DNA. This process is caused by telomere shortening or genotoxic stress by a sequence of events starting from TP53-dependent downregulation of the telomere protective protein TRF2. The resulting loss of TRF2 at pericentromeres triggers DNA breaks activating ATM, which in turn leads to heterochromatin decondensation by releasing KAP1 and Lamin B1, recombination and satellite DNA excision found in the cytosol associated with cGAS. This TP53–TRF2 axis activates the interferon response and the formation of chromosome rearrangements when the cells escape the senescent growth arrest. Overall, these results reveal the role of TP53 as pericentromeric disassembler and define the basic principles of how a TP53-dependent senescence inducer hierarchically leads to selective pericentromeric dismantling through the downregulation of TRF2.     

岷江冷杉针叶林下穿透雨空间分布特征

森林对降水的截留作用、林下穿透雨的水文学及生态学意义一直是生态水文学研究中的热点 ,但是关于林下穿透雨空间分布特征的研究还比较少。在四川西部的卧龙自然保护区研究了岷江冷杉林下穿透雨的空间分布特征。在岷江冷杉针叶林下布设了 8个雨量筒用以测量林下穿透雨 ,对两年共 35次降雨的穿透雨研究结果表明 ,林下各观测点的穿透雨率同林外降雨量之间的关系都可以用逻辑斯谛曲线方程较好地模拟 ,与传统的对数方程模拟相比 ,前者的相关程度显著高于后者 ,而且用逻辑斯谛方程进行模拟时 ,方程中的各参数具有一定的生态学意义。此外 ,研究发现林下各点的穿透雨率具有显著的差异 ,位点 4下的穿透雨存在着明显的聚集效应 ,此处的平均穿透雨率达到了 10 3.2 %。对林下 8个点穿透雨进行聚类分析表明 ,林下位点 4和位点 8的穿透雨特征与其余 6个点的穿透雨特征有显著的差异。对影响岷江冷杉林下穿透雨空间分布的因素分析表明 ,观测点上方的冠层覆盖度、枝叶层厚度与降雨量之间均有一定的负相关关系 ,但其影响未达到显著水平 ;观测点到树干的距离与林下的穿透雨之间的关系可以较好地用二次多项式方程模拟 ,方程的相关程度很高 (R=0 .94 91) ;各观测点正上方的冠层以及枝叶性质也对穿透雨的空间分布特征有一定的     

碳源对琥珀酸放线杆菌发酵产丁二酸的影响及其代谢流量分析

在厌氧条件下, Actinobacillus succinogenes能够利用单糖、双糖和糖醇等碳水化合物发酵生成丁二酸, 其中以山梨醇为碳源时丁二酸的产量最高。代谢流量分析结果表明: 与葡萄糖发酵相比较, 由于代谢系统中积累了更多的NADH, 使得代谢网络关键节点PYR和AcCoA处的代谢流量分配有了较大的变化, 导致更多的碳源流向丁二酸和乙醇, 而乙酸和甲酸的分泌相对减少。     

发酵液内氨甲酰妥布拉霉素的定量测定

报道了应用一种以测量图象面积为指标的Ｚｙ－３００Ａ多功能抑菌圈测量仪,能够精确、稳定、快速地测定发酵液经薄层层析生物显迹后单组分氨甲酰妥布拉霉素的抑菌斑面积,然后从绘制的标准曲线中直接读取氨甲酸妥布拉霉素在发酵液中的含量,从而排除了其他组分对测定的干扰。试验证明,用Ｚｙ－３００Ａ多功能抑菌圈测量仪测定抗生素薄层层析生物显迹的抑菌斑,具有线性宽、精密度高、重复性强、操作简单方便等优点．本方法的建立为抗生素的纯品检定和多组分抗生素发酵、分离和纯化提供了准确的定量数据．     

环境微生物宏基因组学研究中的生物信息学方法

高通量测序技术的发展促进了组学技术在环境微生物研究中的广泛应用,而宏基因组学是目前最为关键和成熟的组学方法。生物信息学在微生物宏基因组学研究中具有至关重要的作用。它贯穿于宏基因组学的数据收集和存储、数据处理和分析等各个阶段,既是宏基因组学推广的最大瓶颈,也是目前宏基因组学研究发展的关键所在。本文主要介绍和归纳了目前在高通量宏基因组测序中常用的生物信息学分析平台及其重要的信息分析工具。未来几年之内,测序成本的下降和测序深度的增加将进一步增大宏基因组学研究在数据存储、数据处理和数据挖掘层面的难度,因此相应生物信息学技术与方法的研究和发展也势在必行。近期内我们应该首先加强基础性分析和存储平台的建设以方便普通环境微生物研究者使用,同时针对目前生物信息分析的瓶颈步骤和关键任务重点突破,逐步发展。     

凤尾蕨内生真菌的研究Ⅱ——1株产芦丁内生真菌初步研究

报道了从凤尾蕨属井栏边草(Pteris multifida)根状茎中分离出一内生真菌——菌株JJF006,对其形态特征进行了初步研究,并用TLC对该菌株培养物进行了分析。初步结果表明:该真菌液体培养基中含有芦丁成分。