兴安落叶松天然林碳储量及其碳库分配特征

兴安落叶松天然林作为大兴安岭林区的主要植被类型,在森林生态系统碳循环中具有重要的作用。在大兴安岭林区选择不同林龄的兴安落叶松天然林,调查其乔木、灌草、枯落物和土壤,并结合已建立的单木异速生长方程分别计算其碳储量,以期为明确该地区碳库动态及其碳库分配特征提供参考。结果表明,兴安落叶松天然林总碳储量随林龄的增加逐渐增大,由幼龄林到过熟林分别为140.46、186.63、208.64、308.62和341.03 Mg C/hm2,整体表现为碳汇,这主要与乔木碳储量随林龄的增加逐渐增大有关;乔木碳库的变化范围为45.44—212.67 Mg C/hm2,且其占总碳储量的比例也随林龄的增加逐渐增大,由幼龄林的32.60%到过熟林的62.36%;灌草碳储量占总碳储量的比例较小,仅为0.48%—0.93%;枯落物碳库在过熟林中较多,为26.11Mg C/hm2,这与过熟林较少的人为干扰有关;土壤碳储量以幼龄林最小,成熟林最高,分别为78.06和131.93 Mg C/hm2,但这与我国其他地区天然林相比均较低,这与该地区较浅的土壤发生层有关;土壤碳储量随林龄的变化并不明显,但其占总碳储量的比例却随林龄的增加逐渐减小,由幼龄林的56.01%减小到过熟林的29.35%。     

治疗性单克隆抗体药物的现状及发展趋势

治疗性单克隆抗体药物经历了三十多年的发展,已经成为生物医药的最重要组成部分之一.在疾病治疗上具有广阔的应用前景,成功用于治疗肿瘤、自身免疫性疾病、感染性疾病和移植排斥反应等多种疾病.截至2012年已有29种治疗性单克隆抗体药物通过FDA审批并上市销售.治疗性单抗的安全性和有效性很大程度上由其作用的靶点决定,上市和在研的单抗药物有些靶向相同的靶点,有些有自己独特的作用靶点,新的作用靶点也在不断出现.以治疗性单抗的作用靶点为切入点,对目前上市销售和研发中的此类药物进行了简要总结.详述了肿瘤坏死因子α、白细胞分化抗原20、表皮生长因子受体及血管内皮生长因子等4种靶点的特点及相关单克隆抗体药物的情况,并对我国单抗药物的现状进行了分析,提出未来发展对策.     

The interaction between viral protein and host actin facilitates the virus infection to host

Although the virus-host interaction has attracted extensive studies, the host proteins essential for virus infection remain largely unknown. To address this issue, the shrimp Penaeus stylirostris densovirus (PstDNV), belonging to the family Parvoviridae, was characterized. PstDNV, a single-stranded DNA virus with a 3.9-kb genome, encoded only three open reading frames (ORFs). Among the three viral proteins, the PstDNV ORF2-encoded protein was discovered to interact with the shrimp actin, suggesting that the host actin played a very important role in virus infection. The RNAi assays revealed that the ORF2-encoded protein was required for the PstDNV infection. The confocal evidence demonstrated that the interaction between the ORF2-encoded protein and actin was essential for the virus infection. Therefore our study indicated that the manipulation of the host actin cytoskeleton was a necessary strategy for viral pathogens to invade host cells.     

Response of osteoblasts to low fluid shear stress is time dependent

The process of mechanotransduction of bone, the conversion of a mechanical stimulus into a biochemical response, is known to occur in osteoblasts in response to fluid shear stress. In order to understand the reaction of osteoblasts to various times of flow perfusion, osteoblasts were seeded on three-dimensional scaffolds, and cultured in the following conditions: continuous flow perfusion, intermittent flow perfusion, and static condition. We collected samples on day 4, 8 and 12 for analysis. Osteoblast proliferation was demonstrated by cell proliferation and scanning electron microscopy assay. Additionally, the expression of known markers of differentiation, including alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin, were tested by qRT-PCR and alkaline phosphatase activity assay, and the deposition of calcium was used as an indicator of mineralization demonstrated by calcium content assay. The results supported that low fluid shear stress plays an important role in the activation of osteoblasts: enhance cell proliferation, increase calcium deposition, and promote the expression of osteoblastic markers. Furthermore, the continuous flow perfusion is a more favorable environment for the initiation of osteoblast activity compared with intermittent flow perfusion. Therefore, the force and time of fluid shear stress are important parameters for osteoblast activation.     

一株新的α-淀粉酶抑制剂生产菌株ZG0656及其产物的发酵、分离、性质与应用

从土壤中分离并筛选得到了一株α-淀粉酶抑制剂生产菌,编号ZG0656.根据形态特征,培养特征、生理生化特征、细胞壁化学组成特征和16S rDNA全序列相似性比较分析等多相分类方法,确认菌株ZG0656为天蓝黄链霉菌的新变种,命名为天蓝黄链霉菌南开变种(Streptomyces coelicoflavus var.nankaiensis).该菌经10 L发酵罐水平发酵,发酵液中可积累一定量的α-淀粉酶抑制荆.采用浓缩,树脂吸附,凝胶过滤,减压干燥等方法得到α-淀粉酶抑制剂混合物.该α-淀粉酶抑制剂为含氮的拟低聚糖类物质.能强烈抑制哺乳动物来源的α-淀粉酶,对餐后高血糖的形成有明显改善作用.可用于制备治疗糖尿病,肥胖症的药物或功能性食品.     

MicroRNAs and their role in viral infection

Recently, a class of about 22 nucleotides (nt) small RNA has been discovered in many eukaryotes, termed microRNAs (miRNAs), which have a variety of functions. Many recent findings have demonstrated that viruses can also encode their own miRNAs. Meanwhile, other findings reveal a relationship between host miRNA and viral infection. These findings suggest a tight relationship between host and viral infection via miRNA pathway. This article introduces the miRNAs encoded by viruses and reviews the advances of the interaction of the mammalian host miRNAs and viral infection.     

Two new dianthramide glucosides with cardiomyocytes protective activity from Aconitum carmichaelii

Two new dianthramide glucosides, N-(2′-β-d-glucopyranosyl-5′-hydroxysalicyl)-4-hydroxy-3-methoxyanthranilic acid methyl ester (1) and N-(2′-β-d-glucopyranosyl-5′-hydroxysalicyl)-4-hydroxyanthranilic acid methyl ester (2), together with five known glycosides, were isolated from the lateral roots of Aconitum carmichaelii. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses. In the in vitro assays, compounds 1 and 2 showed activity against pentobarbital sodium-induced cardiomyocytes damage by recovering beating rhythm and increasing the cell viability.     

猪骨胶原蛋白酶解物中血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂的提纯

将猪骨胶原蛋白粗提物用胰蛋白酶水解,经阳离子交换树脂层析,ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＧ－２５柱凝胶过滤,以及数次反相高效液相层析,最终获得一具有抑制血管紧张素转换酶（ＡＣＥ）活性的单一峰值的多肽。其氨基酸组成为Ｉｌｅ,Ｈｉｓ,Ｓｅｒ,Ｇｌｙ,Ａｌａ,Ｐｒｏ,Ｔｙｒ,Ｌｅｕ,Ａｓｐ．以Ｈｉｐ－Ｇｌｙ－Ｇｌｙ为底物,在ｐＨ为７．１的条件下,此肽对猪肺ＡＣＥ的Ｉ＿（５０）值为２６μｍｏｌ／Ｌ。     

逆病毒载体介导双耐药基因在脐血CD34+细胞中的表达和抗性研究

为探讨转染醛脱氢酶基因(ALDHl)和多药耐药基因(MDRl)的人脐血CD34+细胞能否同时增强对活性环磷酰胺(4-HC)和MDRl基因靶药的抗性,构建了同时含ALDHl和MDRl双耐药基因的逆转录病毒表达质粒GlNa-ALDHl-IRES-MDRl,经LipofectAMINE介导转染GP+E86和PA317包装细胞,采用含长春新碱(VCR)和4-HC的培养基克隆选择后收集重组病毒上清于单向型GP+E86与双嗜型PA317包装细胞行乒乓交互感染,获得PA317重组病毒生产细胞(最高滴度达5.6×105CFU／ml),将含ALDHl和MDRl双耐药基因重组病毒的上清在细胞生长因子刺激下重复感染人脐血CD34+细胞,用PCR、RT-PCR、Southernblot、Northernblot、FACS和MTT等方法检测外源ALDHl与MDRl基因在CD34+细胞中的转移和表达。结果显示逆转录病毒载体介导的双耐药基因已经整合人转染靶细胞基因组并获得有效表达,同时传递不同的耐药表型。经双耐药基因修饰的脐血CD34+细胞对4-HC和VCR药物同时产生抗性,其IC50值分别比未转染细胞高4倍和7.2倍,本研究为开展肿瘤基因治疗的临床研究奠定了实验基础。     

Two novel aminooligosaccharides isolated from the culture of Streptomyces coelicoflavus ZG0656 as potent inhibitors of alpha-amylase

Two novel aminooligosaccharides were separated from the culture filtrate of Streptomyces coelicoflavus ZG0656. Their chemical structures were determined by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Because of their acarviosine core structures, the names acarviostatins II23 and II13 were given to the novel compounds. The two acarviostatins were both mixed noncompetitive inhibitors of porcine pancreatic alpha-amylase (PPA), with inhibition constants (K(i)) of 0.009 microM (acarviostatin II23) and 0.010 microM (acarviostatin II13). Therefore, acarviostatin II23 and acarviostatin II13 are, respectively, 231 and 208 times more potent than acarbose.