Effect of papaya (Carica papaya) leaf extract as dietary growth promoter supplement in red hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus × Oreochromis niloticus) diet

The purpose of this experiment was to examine the potential use of Carica papaya leaf extract as a supplement to promote growth and improve feed utilization in red hybrid tilapia. Five diets were formulated containing isolipidic (80 g/kg) and isonitrogenic (350 g/kg) levels. All feeds contained similar types and amounts of raw materials but differed in the inclusion of papaya leaf extract (0, 5, 10, 20 and 40 g/kg feed). The initial size of fish used was 2.3 ± 0.01 g. Each diet was performed in triplicate tanks, and the feeding period was 12 weeks. Fish fed diet containing 2% papaya leaf extract (PLE) had the highest final weight, 31.14 ± 1.47 g, followed by 1% PLE (27.27 ± 1.75 g). These two diets (1% and 2%) were also showed significant improvements of weight gain, SGR, and feed efficiency of the red hybrid tilapia (p < 0.05). However, papaya leaf extract did not affect the HSI, VSI, PER, digestive enzymes activity, blood composition, and survival rate. Supplementing the diets with papaya leaf extract lowered serum urea. Findings of this research suggest that adding papaya leaf extract to the diet of red hybrid tilapia improves growth and feed efficiency without adversely affecting blood parameters. Therefore, an inclusion level between 1% and 2% of the papaya leaf extract is recommended as a feed additive to promote red hybrid tilapia fry growth.     

辽东栎林下和开阔地上短柄五加(Acanthopanax brachpus)无性系种群生长的比较研究

研究了分布于开阔地和辽东栎林下短柄五加无性系种群拆散方式、无性系的形态可塑性和分株的死亡年龄,研究结果表明,开阔地上无性系分株的扩散方式为稀疏线型,根茎长度、无性系分株数目,林下和开阔地差异显著,根茎分枝角度、无性系根茎总长无显著性差异。林下分株的死亡年龄显著小于开阔地上无性系分株的死亡年龄。     

大兴安岭天然沼泽湿地生态系统碳储量

采用碳/氮分析仪测定法与标准木解析法,研究大兴安岭5种典型天然沼泽湿地(草丛沼泽、灌丛沼泽、毛赤杨沼泽、白桦沼泽和落叶松沼泽)的生态系统碳储量(植被和土壤)、净初级生产力、植被年净固碳量及其沿沼泽至森林方向过渡带水分环境梯度的分布格局,揭示其空间变异规律性,并定量评价寒温带5种典型天然沼泽湿地的碳储量与固碳能力及其长期碳汇作用。结果表明:①5种天然沼泽湿地的植被碳储量分布在(0.48±0.08)—(8.33±0.66)kgC/m2之间,沿过渡带环境梯度呈递增趋势;②土壤碳储量分布在(19.21±6.17)—(38.28±4.86)kgC/m2之间,沿过渡带环境梯度却呈递减趋势;③生态系统碳储量分布在(27.54±7.16)—(38.76±4.58)kgC/m2之间,沿过渡带环境梯度基本呈恒定分布规律性,且以湿地土壤碳储量占优势地位(69.8%—98.8%);④植被净初级生产力分布在(0.68±0.10)—(1.08±0.12)kg.m-.2a-1之间,毛赤杨沼泽最高,草丛沼泽、灌丛沼泽、白桦沼泽居中,落叶松沼泽最低,且总体上低于温带森林湿地而高于寒温带天然落叶松林;⑤植被年净固碳量分布在(0.32±0.09)—(0.51±0.06)kgC.m-.2a-1,毛赤杨沼泽最高(高于全球植被平均年净固碳量)、灌丛沼泽和白桦沼泽居中(达到或接近全球平均值)、草丛沼泽和落叶松沼泽最低(略低于全球平均值),故这5种沼泽湿地均属于碳汇功能相对较强的湿地植被类型。     

A combinatorial system to examine the enzymatic repair of multiply damaged DNA substrates

DNA damage drives genetic mutations that underlie the development of cancer in humans. Multiple pathways have been described in mammalian cells which can repair this damage. However, most work to date has focused upon single lesions in DNA. We present here a combinatorial system which allows assembly of duplexes containing single or multiple types of damage by ligating together six oligonucleotides containing damaged or modified bases. The combinatorial system has dual fluorescent labels allowing examination of both strands simultaneously, in order to study interactions or competition between different DNA repair pathways. Using this system, we demonstrate how repair of oxidative damage in one DNA strand can convert a mispaired T:G deamination intermediate into a T:A mutation. We also demonstrate that slow repair of a T:G mispair, relative to a U:G mispair, by the human methyl-binding domain 4 DNA glycosylase provides a competitive advantage to competing repair pathways, and could explain why CpG dinucleotides are hotspots for C to T mutations in human tumors. Data is also presented that suggests repair of closely spaced lesions in opposing strands can be repaired by a combination of short and long-patch base excision repair and simultaneous repair of multiply damage sites can potentially lead to lethal double strand breaks.     

快速检测猪肉中单核细胞增多症李氏菌PCR试剂盒的研制

快速检测猪肉中单核细胞增多症李氏菌的ＰＣＲ试剂盒与分离培养法平行检测１５６份猪肉样品,结果ＰＣＲ的阳性率为５．８％,分离培养法的阳性率为３．８％,两者符合率为９７％。实验证明,该试剂盒具有良好的特异性和可重复性,可测出样品中至少３２ＯＣＦＵ细菌,并在２ｄ内取得结果,具有推广应用价值。     

曲酸菌选育及发酵工艺研究

筛选获得产曲酸菌株米曲霉（Aspergillusoryzae）MSA进行⁶⁰Co诱变,并进行了发酵工艺条件研究,以葡萄糖为碳源、豆饼粉为氮源,在pH3.0、33℃摇瓶培养,可达到5d产酸5％以上水平。发酵液采用直接浓缩结晶工艺,脱色与重结晶后获得无色针状晶体,红外图谱检测确证为曲酸。     

细菌非编码小RNA研究进展

细菌非编码小RNA(small non-coding RNA, sRNA)是一类长度在50~500个核苷酸, 不编码蛋白质的RNA。迄今, 在各种细菌中共发现超过150多种sRNA。它们通过碱基配对识别靶标mRNA, 在转录后水平调节基因的表达, 是细菌代谢、毒力和适应环境压力的重要调节因子。细菌sRNA的研究技术主要有基于生物信息学的计算机预测法和基于实验室的检测分析方法。这些方法所得到的sRNA都需要进行实验室确认, 然后再进一步通过各种实验手段研究其功能。     

SINPV基因组酶切图谱及多角体基因的序列分析

用限制性内切酶ＥｃｏＲＩ、ＸａｂＩ、ＸｈｏＩ、ＢａｍＨＩ、ＰｓｔＩ、ＳａｃＩ、ＨｉｄｎⅢ、ＳｍａＩ酶解斜纹夜蛾核多角体病毒广州株基因组ＤＮＡ,分别得到２６、２６、２４、２０、１３、１７、９、１条片段,并算得基因组平均大小为１３６．０ｋｂｐ。以ＡｃＮＰＶ多角体基因的部分读码框为探针,经Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｍ杂交将ＳＩＮＰＶ多角体基因定位于ＸｂａＩＯ片段上。将此片段克隆并序列分析,结果表明ＳＩ     

城镇化背景下深圳典型流域鱼类群落特征及驱动因子

理解城镇的快速发展对河流鱼类群落结构的影响,是城镇河流科学管理和生物多样性保护的关键基础。本研究于2019年丰水期（8月）和枯水期（11月）,选取我国城镇化典型城市-深圳域内两个处于不同城镇化程度的代表性流域,应用多重统计方法比较分析了流域间鱼类群落结构的差异,并探讨了驱动鱼类群落变异的关键环境要素。结果发现,城镇化程度高的观澜河流域其鱼类种类组成、优势类群、生物多样性指数与城镇化程度低的坪山河流域有明显差别。 具体表现为：城镇化程度高的流域土著敏感种类如异鱲、吸鳅等几近消失,优势类群为外来入侵耐受种类,其物种多样性显著低于城镇化程度低的流域（P<0.05）。同时,外来鱼类在城镇河段其数量占比平均达92.5%,广泛分布于深圳城镇河流中。在环境因素方面,城镇化程度高的观澜河流域水体理化指标总氮、总磷、氨氮、化学需氧量、生化需氧量、高锰酸盐指数均显著性高于城镇化程度低的坪山河流域（P<0.05）。基于Bray-Curtis距离的冗余分析显示：城镇用地占比和总氮是影响观澜河和坪山河流域鱼类群落差异的主要因素。城镇化进程中河流生境的改变已影响到土著鱼类的生物多样性。因此,推动以恢复土著鱼类生物多样性的河流生态治理与保护是今后水生态目标管理的重要方向。     

菌根真菌对土壤呼吸以及凋落物分解的影响

土壤呼吸是植物固定的碳由陆地生态系统进入大气的主要途径之一; 凋落物分解是养分循环的重要环节。陆地植物的90%以上可同菌根真菌形成共生关系, 菌根真菌对于植物获取环境中的养分具有重要的作用。然而, 其对土壤呼吸和凋落物分解的影响却经常在生态系统对环境变化的响应研究中被忽视。本文系统地综述了国内外相关研究进展, 对菌根真菌如何影响土壤呼吸和凋落物分解这两个过程及这种影响如何受到环境变化的制约做了全面的分析, 并对以往研究中存在的问题以及未来的研究方向提出了展望。