Approaches to promoting bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell osteogenesis on orthopedic implant surface

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs) play a critical role in the osseointegration of bone and orthopedic implant. However, osseointegration between the Ti-based implants and the surrounding bone tissue must be improved due to titanium's inherent defects. Surface modification stands out as a versatile technique to create instructive biomaterials that can actively direct stem cell fate. Here, we summarize the current approaches to promoting BMSC osteogenesis on the surface of titanium and its alloys. We will highlight the utilization of the unique properties of titanium and its alloys in promoting tissue regeneration, and discuss recent advances in understanding their role in regenerative medicine. We aim to provide a systematic and comprehensive review of approaches to promoting BMSC osteogenesis on the orthopedic implant surface.     

ChREBP在肝细胞糖脂代谢中的作用

碳水化合物反应元件结合蛋白(carbohydrate response element binding protein,ChREBP)是一个在糖脂代谢过程中发挥重要作用的转录因子.ChREBP的分子量约为90kD,含有四个与其活性紧密相关的磷酸化位点.葡萄糖代谢旁路产物5-磷酸木酮糖可以激活蛋白磷酸酶2A,其促使ChREBP去磷酸化,去磷酸化的ChREBP进入细胞核,并与MLX形成异源二聚体ChREBP/MLX,ChREBP/MLX结合到靶基因启动子区域的ChRE上,激活靶基因的转录.ChREBP的靶基因主要是参与糖酵解和脂质合成的一些酶类,因而ChREBP的激活可促进葡萄糖向脂质转化.敲除ChREBP的小鼠虽可正常生长发育但其体内脂肪组织明显减少,同时肝中有大量糖原堆积而导致肝肿大.敲除ChREBP的ob/ob小鼠,体重及糖脂代谢紊乱也有明显改善.总之,现有的研究揭示ChREBP有可能成为治疗代谢综合征的一个新靶点.     

Length-weight relationships of eight fish species from the Hailang river,China

The present study reports the length-weight relationships (LWRs) for eight fish species sampled in Hailang River, a left-bank tributary of the Mudan River in Northeast China. The fishes were collected from April to October bimonthly 2017 by electrofishing (fishing 2 kilometers along the river and within 5 meters from the bank) and netting (drift gillnet: mesh size 2 cm × 3 cm; 200 m net length). The specimens were weighed (nearest 0.1 g) and measured (nearest 0.1 cm) in the laboratory. This study provides an update in maximum lengths for five species.     

氨基酸微素络合物对水稻的生物效应初探

为了配制氨基酸金属络合肥,使用其主组分进行初步田间对比试验,结果表明：氨基酸微素络合物能明显提高水稻根系活力,缩短从秧田到大田的适应期,促进植株生长,改善库源关系,增加干粒重和谷秆比,从而有效提高产量。以（ＦｅＣｕＺｎ）ＡＡ２增产效果最好,达２１．２９％,蘸根及喷施是有效施用方式。     

喀斯特地区土壤温度变化特征及其与环境因子的关系

喀斯特地区土壤温度变化特征对研究该区土壤活性及小气候变化具有重要意义。为探明喀斯特地区土壤温度变化特征及其与环境因子的关系,以喀斯特高原峡谷区四种典型土地类型（花椒地、金银花地、火龙果地、荒地）为研究对象,采用土壤含水量监测系统（ECH2O）对各样地土壤温度变化进行连续定点监测,分析土壤温度的动态变化特征及其与环境因子的关系。结果表明：10 cm处土壤温度日变幅最大,土层越深日变幅越小;土壤温度日变幅为夏季较大,秋、冬季较小。火龙果地、金银花地土壤温度日变幅明显大于花椒地、荒地;随着土层加深,土壤温度日变化出现滞后现象;不同季节土壤温度均为火龙果地 > 荒地 > 花椒地 > 金银花地。夏季土层越深,土壤温度越低;秋、冬季土层越深,土壤温度越高;土壤垂直温度变异系数表现为冬季大于夏季。相关分析表明,土壤温度与气温、太阳辐射及土壤含水量均呈显著正相关（P<0.05）,土壤温度变化与容重、孔隙度、土壤质地、有机碳等土壤理化性质相关性显著。花椒地土壤温度日变幅最小,与其较高的土壤含水量和总孔隙度、容重小、土壤持水性强密切相关。综上,花椒地对土壤温度的调节效果较好,因此,在喀斯特地区生态恢复的过程中,种植花椒能在一定程度上改善土壤性质,提升土壤肥力。本研究为喀斯特地区的生态恢复提供了科学依据,为植被生态效益评价提供一定参考。     

Age and Gender Adjusted Comparison of Clinical Features between Severe Cases Infected with H7N9 and H1N1pdm Influenza A in Jiangsu Province,China

Background

Influenza H7N9 and H1N1pdm can cause severe human infections. It is important to investigate the distinguishing clinical features between these two diseases. Several studies have compared the differences in general, however, age and gender adjusted comparisons may be more useful and informative to the health professionals.

Methods

A total of 184 severe H1N1pdm patients and 37 severe H7N9 patients from Jiangsu Province were included in this analysis to perform age and gender adjusted comparison of clinical features.

Results

After adjusting age and gender, no significant differences in chronic medical conditions or treatment were found between severely ill patients with H7N9 and H1N1pdm. Severely ill patients with H7N9 had significantly longer interval from onset of illness to neuraminidase inhibitor treatment and to death. They were more likely to have complications such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), liver and renal dysfunctions, and had a significantly higher risk of death.

Conclusion

Our results suggests that age and gender should be adjusted as important confounding factors when comparing the clinical features between severe H7N9 and H1N1pdm patients to avoid any misunderstanding regarding the differences between these two diseases particularly in terms of clinical severity and prognosis.     

Chronic Sleep Restriction Induces Aβ Accumulation by Disrupting the Balance of Aβ Production and Clearance in Rats

Amyloid-β (Aβ) plays an important role in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis, and growing evidence has shown that poor sleep quality is one of the risk factors for AD, but the mechanisms of sleep deprivation leading to AD have still not been fully demonstrated. In the present study, we used wild-type (WT) rats to determine the effects of chronic sleep restriction (CSR) on Aβ accumulation. We found that CSR-21d rats had learning and memory functional decline in the Morris water maze (MWM) test. Meanwhile, Aβ₄₂ deposition in the hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex was high after a 21-day sleep restriction. Moreover, compared with the control rats, CSR rats had increased expression of β-site APP-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) and sAPPβ and decreased sAPPα levels in both the hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex, and the BACE1 level was positively correlated with the Aβ₄₂ level. Additionally, in CSR-21d rats, low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP-1) levels were low, while receptor of advanced glycation end products (RAGE) levels were high in the hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex, and these transporters were significantly correlated with Aβ₄₂ levels. In addition, CSR-21d rats had decreased plasma Aβ₄₂ levels and soluble LRP1 (sLRP1) levels compared with the control rats. Altogether, this study demonstrated that 21 days of CSR could lead to brain Aβ accumulation in WT rats. The underlying mechanisms may be related to increased Aβ production via upregulation of the BACE1 pathway and disrupted Aβ clearance affecting brain and peripheral Aβ transport.