全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2856篇 |
免费 | 152篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 6篇 |
2022年 | 22篇 |
2021年 | 49篇 |
2020年 | 18篇 |
2019年 | 39篇 |
2018年 | 45篇 |
2017年 | 40篇 |
2016年 | 75篇 |
2015年 | 85篇 |
2014年 | 137篇 |
2013年 | 171篇 |
2012年 | 202篇 |
2011年 | 209篇 |
2010年 | 122篇 |
2009年 | 115篇 |
2008年 | 188篇 |
2007年 | 171篇 |
2006年 | 167篇 |
2005年 | 168篇 |
2004年 | 190篇 |
2003年 | 188篇 |
2002年 | 173篇 |
2001年 | 21篇 |
2000年 | 24篇 |
1999年 | 30篇 |
1998年 | 45篇 |
1997年 | 35篇 |
1996年 | 28篇 |
1995年 | 43篇 |
1994年 | 17篇 |
1993年 | 21篇 |
1992年 | 14篇 |
1991年 | 16篇 |
1990年 | 14篇 |
1989年 | 9篇 |
1988年 | 9篇 |
1987年 | 13篇 |
1986年 | 11篇 |
1985年 | 10篇 |
1984年 | 12篇 |
1983年 | 12篇 |
1982年 | 6篇 |
1981年 | 3篇 |
1980年 | 7篇 |
1979年 | 4篇 |
1978年 | 4篇 |
1977年 | 3篇 |
1972年 | 2篇 |
1969年 | 2篇 |
1967年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有3008条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
41.
Global stability of an SIR epidemic model with time delays 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
An SIR disease transmission model is formulated under the assumption that the force of infection at the present time depends on the number of infectives at the past. It is shown that a disease free equilibrium point is globally stable if no endemic equilibrium point exists. Further the endemic point (if it exists) is globally stable with respect to the whole state space except the neighborhood of the disease free state.Research partly supported by the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture, Japan, Grant 05640256 相似文献
42.
Yoshiaki Inayama Izumi Tomiyama Hitoshi Kitamura Yukio Nakatani Takaaki Ito Akinori Nozawa Yasuhiro Usuda Masayoshi Kanisawa 《Histochemistry and cell biology》1995,104(3):191-198
The purpose of this study was to investigate alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) reactivity in rabbit airway epithelial cells. Acetone-fixed, methyl benzoate and xylene-cleared (AMeX-treated) paraffin sections of trachea, bronchus, and lung tissue were stained by an azo dye coupling method for ALPase and examined by light microscopy. Electron histochemical staining was also performed in order to study the sensitivity and specificity of reactivity in each cell type. ALPase reactivity at the light microscopic level was observed exclusively in trachco-bronchial basal cells, and not in bronchiolar basal cells. By electron microscopy, ALPase reactivity was noted in 97.9% of basal cells in the trachea, 97.0% of basal cells in the bronchus, and 94.5% of basal cells and 15.4% of Clara cells in the bronchiole. This was also true for dispersed tracheal epithelial cells. Reactivity was rarely observed in ciliated cells, non-goblet-type secretory cells, and undetermined cells. The reactivity was heatlabile, levamisole-sensitive, and of a non-specific type. These findings indicate that basal cells of rabbit trachea and bonchus have fairly high specificity for ALPase of a non-specific isozyme (92.2% and 95.6%, respectively). Therefore, ALPase is considered to be a useful marker for these cells. 相似文献
43.
Factors affecting septation (cell division) of the tendril whichfacilitates the organic connection with the host were studiedin a root parasite Aeginetia indica L. Transverse cell division,which occurs perpendicular to the long axis of the tendril,was promoted by additions of sucrose, glucose and cytokininsto the basal medium. Longitudinal cell division of the tendril,which takes place parallel or obliquely to the long axis, wasstimulated by cytokinins, but not by sucrose. The latter typeof cell division was frequent in basal and sub-basal cells ofthe tendril but was extremely rare in apical cells. The orientationof the planes of these cell divisions was closely related tocell shape. Abnormal growth of the tendril was seen in germinatingseeds grown for six weeks or more in media containing both Miscanthus(a host) root extract and cytokinin. (Received February 23, 1984; Accepted June 12, 1984) 相似文献
44.
Kazuhiro Nakamura Yasuhiro Goto Naoko Yoshie Yoshio Inoue 《International journal of biological macromolecules》1992,14(6):321-325
It was found that an optically active copolyester, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate), denoted as P(3HB-co-3HV), is synthesized by Alcaligenes eutrophus H16 from several amino acids under various fermentation conditions. The optimum condition for the biosynthesis from one amino acid, threonine, was investigated and its biosynthetic pathway was discussed on the basis of the relation between the fermentation condition and the co-monomer composition of the produced polyesters. 相似文献
45.
Toshiaki Koizumi Toshiki Yokota Mikiko Fukuchi Hideki Tatsumoto Yasuhiro Yamane 《Cell biology and toxicology》1991,7(4):357-369
In order to clarify the protective mechanism of sodium molybdate against the acute toxicity of cadmium chloride in rat, the effect of in vivo sodium molybdate pretreatment on the cytotoxic action of cadmium in isolated hepatocytes was studied. The cytosolic pH of hepatocytes isolated from untreated rats immediately decreased with incubation in either neutral Hank's balanced salt solution (HBS), pH 7.4, containing 5 µM cadmium chloride minimum or acidic HBS (pH 7.1, 6.8, 6.5, and 6.2). The presence of 5 µM cadmium in HBS adjusted to pH 7.1 aggravated cytosalic acidification induced by the acidic medium alone. Cell viability of hepatocytes incubated in HBS at pH 6.2 was significantly reduced as compared to that of control cells in HBS at pH 7.4, but the presence of cadmium in the acidic HBS had no aggravating action against such a toxic action of the acidic medium although cellular uptake of the metal in the medium increased, as compared to that in HBS at pH 7.4. Molybdenum pretreatment alleviated cytoplasmic acidification induced by the treatment with HBS at pH 7.4 or 7.1 containing cadmium or by extracellular acid load wothout cadmium. This pretreatment also prevented the loss of cell viability induced by the treatment with HBS at pH 6.2 but could not attenuate that when cadmium was present in the medium.These facts suggest that molybdenum pretreatment alleviated the acute toxicity of cadmium in rat by preventing cytoplasmic acidification caused by the harmful metal. 相似文献
46.
47.
Yasuhiro Satoh 《Hydrobiologia》1981,83(1):153-160
Free bacterial populations were separated from an intact planktonic community in water of a eutrophic reservoir in Japan by filtration through Whatman GF/ C glass fiber filters (mean porosity 1.2 µm). Urea decomposition by the free bacterial populations and the intact planktonic community was determined in six different months.The separated free bacteria apparently did not take part in urea-decomposition in waters of the reservoir through the year: the number of free heterotrophic bacteria increased during the urea-decomposition experiments, however, the concentration of urea did not decrease. Whereas, in five cases out of six, urea was decomposed by the intact planktonic community. Probably, phytoplankton were responsible for most of the urea-decomposition. On the assumption that the decomposition of urea obeyed first-order kinetics, rate constants were calculated to be 0.00–0.63 day–1 with a mean value of 0.21 day–1. 相似文献
48.
1. The properties of 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylidenemalononitrile (SF 6847) were studied chemically and spectroscopically. Two molecular species of SF6847 were identified: the undissociated form (SFH; ?363, 10 mM?1) and the dissociated form (SF?; ?454, 35 mM?1). The pKa value of the molecule was determined to be 6.9.2. On the basis of these properties the interactions of SF6847 with liposomes and valinomycin · K+ were studied. The partition constants of SFH (Knp and SF? (K?p) to liposomes were determined separately; Knp was 56 mM?1 and was independent of the pH of the medium, whereas K?p dependend greatly on the pH, being 1.2 mM?1 at pH 7.0 and 2.9 mM?1 at pH 8.0. Using these values, the partition constant of total SF6847 (Kp) was calculated and found to be essentially the same as that calculated from the kinetics of proton uptake. It was concluded that the amount of SF? bound to liposomes is rate limiting for proton uptake.3. The effects of membrane potential on partition constants were studied. The K?p decreased greatly upon generation of a membrane potential negative inside the liposomes but increased upon generation of a membrane potential positive inside the liposomes.4. The interaction of SF6847 with valinomycin in aqueous solution and in liposomes was demonstrated only in the presence of potassium ion. Potassium ion could not be replaced by sodium ion. Evidence was obtained for the formation of the ternary complex valinomycin · K+ · SF? in liposomes and in hexane. It was concluded that SF? became more soluble in the liposomal membranes on formation of this ternary complex. All these results support our proposed mechanism for the proton uptake cycle (Yamaguchi, A. and Anraku, Y. (1978) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 501, 136–149). 相似文献
49.
Effects of 3-(3, 4-dichlorophenyl)-l, 1-dimethylurea (DCMU)on photosynthetic oxygen evolution, respiratory oxygen uptake,phototactic response and swimming rate in Cryptomonas sp. weredetermined and compared. Photosynthetic oxygen evolution wascompletely inhibited in the presence of 105 M DCMU. Thetreatment did not significantly affect the rates of respiratoryoxygen uptake, phototaxis, and swimming, indicating that directparticipation of photosynthesis in the phototaxis of this algacan be ruled out. Wavelength dependency of photosynthetic oxygen evolution wasalso determined in the range of 560 to 700 nm. The rate of photosyntheticoxygen evolution at 680 nm was as high as that at 560 nm, butno phototactic activity was seen at 680 nm although it was maximumat 560 nm. This is consistent with the above conclusion. (Received February 16, 1976; ) 相似文献
50.
Yasuhiro Yamada Hirobumi Motoi Shinichi Kinoshita Nobuo Takada Hirosuke Okada 《Applied microbiology》1975,29(3):400-404
An organism isolated from soil and identified as Arthrobacter sp. was studied for its squalene degradation. The degradation product from squalene, which accumulated in the culture broth, was isolated and identified as trans-geranylacetone by mass spectrometry, gas chromatography, infrared spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry. Addition of a high concentration of K2HPO4 to the culture medium resulted in accumulation of fairly large amounts of carboxylic acids in addition to geranylacetone. These carboxylic acids were identified as isovaleric, β,β′-dimethylacrylic, geranic, and (+)-(R)-citronellic acids. Among these acids, α,β-saturated carboxylic acids were found to be predominant in quantity. 相似文献