[B10,22-Asp,B25-Tyr-NH2]-去β链C端五肽胰岛素的合成和性质

本文报道了[B10,22-Asp,B25-Tyr-NH2]-去B链羧端五肽胰岛素的制备及其生物活性。结果表明,这一类似物的生物活力比去五肽胰岛素(DPI)的活力高一倍,但却比Gerald所报道的[B10-Asp,B25-Tyr-NH_2]-DPI的活力低很多,说明后者的高活性可能依赖于分子中B22-Arg的存在。     

NM23-H1、 DJ1 和 TIM1 在低分化鼻咽鳞癌 组织和 CNE2 细胞株中共同表达

鼻咽癌为一种好发于鼻咽顶前壁及咽隐窝的头颈肿瘤, 98% 属低分化鳞癌 . 鼻咽癌就诊的患者中约 75% 已有颈淋巴结转移,颅神经受累 ( Ⅱ ~ Ⅵ, Ⅸ ~ Ⅻ ) 也较易发生. CNE2 为一种低分化鼻咽鳞癌细胞系,其生物学行为具有低分化鼻咽鳞癌的一些共同特点 . 选择恶性程度高的鼻咽癌组织 ( Ⅳ期,低分化鼻咽鳞癌 ) 和恶性程度高的低分化鼻咽鳞癌细胞株 CNE2 为研究样本,应用双向凝胶电泳技术获得了 6 例分辨率较高、重复性较好的低分化鼻咽鳞癌组织和 CNE2 细胞系双向凝胶电泳图谱,利用基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱 (MALDI-TOF-MS) 技术,分析了 145 个蛋白质斑点 ( 组织 66 个点,细胞株 79 个点 ),共鉴定出了 74 种蛋白质,其中瘤基因 DJ1、转移相关基因 NM23-H1 和磷酸丙糖激酶异构酶 1(TIM1) 3 种蛋白质,在 CNE2 细胞系和该 6 例低分化鼻咽鳞癌组织中均共同表达 . 并进一步应用 RT-PCR 法检测低分化鼻咽鳞癌细胞系 CNE2 和 12 例低分化鼻咽鳞癌组织三者 mRNA 的表达：在细胞系 CNE2 和 3 例Ⅳ期低分化鼻咽鳞癌病人的组织中三者全表达, 3 例Ⅲ期及 6 例Ⅱ期也各有 1 例为全表达,而在正常对照的 6 例慢性鼻咽炎组织中未检测到三者的同时表达且有一例为全阴性, NM23-H1、 DJ1 和 TIM1 三者的 mRNA 在Ⅲ、Ⅳ期低分化鼻咽鳞癌组织共同表达,与正常对照组织相比,发现两者有显著性差异 (x²=10.214 , P＜0.005). NM23-H1、 DJ1 和 TIM1 三者的共同表达,可能与低分化鼻咽鳞癌的发生发展有关.     

Role of Complement 3 in TNF-α-Induced Mesenchymal Transition of Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells In Vitro

Injured renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs) have been recently thought to directly contribute to the accumulation of myofibroblasts in renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis through a process of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, the factors inducing RTECs to undergo EMT and the underlying mechanisms need to be further elucidated. This study aimed to determine the EMT-inducing activity of proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α and the role for complement 3 (C3) in this activity in an in vitro model of human RTECs (HK-2 cells). Wild type HK-2 cells were treated with TNF-α, IFN-γ or C3a; C3 siRNA- or control siRNA-carrying HK-2 cells were treated with TNF-α. Changes in the cell morphology and phenotype were assessed by microscopy, RT-PCR, western blotting, and immunostaining. TNF-α effectively induced HK-2 cells to express C3 and to transform into morphologically myofibroblast-like cells that lost E-cadherin (a classical epithelial cell marker) expression but acquired alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA, a classical myofibroblast differentiation marker) expression. C3 siRNA robustly attenuated all the morphologic and phenotypic changes induced by TNF-α but the control siRNA showed no effect. Our preliminary observations suggest that TNF-α may induce EMT in RTECs through inducing C3 expression.     

我国1999—2003年间ALV—J野毒株gp85基因变异趋势

通过接种鸡胚成纤维细胞（CEF）、间接免疫荧光试验（IFA）和聚合酶链式反应（PCR）,连续五年从全国各地的送检病料中分离到14株J亚群白血病病毒（ALV-J）。为了动态观察ALV-J囊膜表面结构蛋白（GP85）的变异情况,对这14株野毒株的囊膜糖蛋白基因（env）进行了克隆和测序,将它们与HPRS-103株的GP85的氨基酸序列进行了比较,结果表明：ALV-J的囊膜表面结构蛋白发生了很大的变异,而且这些变异主要集中在高变区hr1、hr2和vr3;这些野毒株GP85的氨基酸序列的同源性在86．6％～100％之间（从同一鸡场中分离到的两株ALV-J即BJ00302与BJ0303的同源性为100％,其它毒株之间的同源性均小于100％）;有义突变与沉默突变的比例显示这3个高变区极有可能是免疫选择压作用的位点。     

免培养法对一热泉细菌多样性的初步研究

应用免培养法（Cultureindependent）对云南腾冲热海大滚锅高温热泉中细菌的多样性进行初步的分析。经过克隆筛选,测定了5个克隆的16S rDNA插入片段的近全序列,系统发育分析的结果表明,它们分属于Bacillus、Hydrogenobacter和Pseudomonas,有一个克隆尚难确定其分类地位,它属于Thermodesulfobacteriaceae科,介于Geothermbacterium属和Thermodesulfobacteria属之间。经PCR扩增出上述5个克隆16S rDNA插入序列中及环境样品总DNA中的16S rDNA V8高变区约600bp片段,进行变性梯度电泳（DGGE）。所得电泳图谱和5个序列的系统发育树不仅表明该高温热泉存在着丰富的细菌多样性,还显示了它们是该高温热泉中细菌的优势物种。     

Age,growth and reproductive traits of invasive goby Taenioides cirratus in the Chaohu Lake,China

The eel goby Taenioides cirratus (Blyth, 1,860) is a small fish inhabits muddy bottoms of brackish-water in the Indo-West Pacific. It has invaded many inland freshwater lakes in China, such as the Chaohu Lake, Gaoyou Lake and Nansi Lake, and its population increased rapidly in these freshwater lakes in recent years. The age, growth and reproductive traits of T. cirratus invading the Chaohu Lake were studied. A total of 482 specimens (210 females, 204 males and 68 juveniles) with total length (TL) ranging from 9.4 to 20.6 cm were collected using the benthic fyke nets at monthly intervals from March 2018 to February 2019. The sagittal otolith was used for age determination. Monthly variation of marginal increment ratio indicated that the annual forming of opaque band on sagittal otolith was completed during March and April. For both sexes, only four (from 0+ to 3+ years) age groups were observed and 1+ and 2+ years age individuals dominated the population. Back calculated length at age showed males grew faster than females. Both sexes reached maturity at 1+ year age and the TL at first maturity (TL₅₀) was 12.6 cm for females and 11.9 cm for males. Monthly variation of gonado-somatic index indicated that the spawning occurred from May to August. The fecundity ranged from 967 ova to 5,114 ova, with a mean of 3,205 ova. Our study provides a comprehensive data on the key life history traits of T. cirratus for the first time.     

Estimation of the ecosystem carbon budget in South Korea between 1999 and 2008

A carbon flux model, the vegetation integrated simulator for trace gases, was employed to estimate the carbon budgets of vegetation ecosystems in South Korea. The geographic information system was used to prepare the input variables for the model, such as climate, soil, and land-cover data, from reliable national inventories. Model simulation results indicated that the annual average gross primary production, net primary production, and soil respiration (SR) for 10 years were 91.89, 40.16, and 62.91 Tg C year^?1, respectively. The model also estimated a net ecosystem production with a value of 3.51 Tg C year^?1 between 1999 and 2008. Such results indicate that the vegetation ecosystems of South Korea offset 3.3 % of anthropogenic emissions as a net carbon sink. Latitudinal and topographical gradients over the total simulation area were found for all estimates. In addition, the estimates varied between seasons and years, especially in estimates for biomass growth and carbon uptake, because of variations in the weather conditions. Finally, model validation was conducted using measured soil efflux and flux measurement data from the Gwangneung experimental forest (GEF). The estimated SR accounted for 81.6 % of the observed SR at the GEF site (P < 0.005). Further, the model accounted well for the observed phase and amplitude of changes in the summer and autumn seasons.     

Novel HRPT2/CDC73 Gene Mutations and Loss of Expression of Parafibromin in Chinese Patients with Clinically Sporadic Parathyroid Carcinomas

Objective

It is widely recognized that the diagnosis of parathyroid carcinoma (PC) is often difficult because of the overlap of characteristics between malignant and benign parathyroid tumors, especially at an early stage. Based on the identification of tumor suppressor gene HRPT2/CDC73 and its association with hereditary and sporadic PC, screening of gene mutations and detection of parafibromin immunoreactivity have been suggested as diagnostic instruments of PC in Whites. There is little information about HRPT2/CDC73 mutations and its corresponding protein expression in patients with sporadic PC in Chinese population, and the long-term follow-up data is scarce.

Methods

Paraffin-embedded tissues were obtained from 13 patients with PC, 13 patients with parathyroid adenoma (PA) and 7 patients with parathyroid hyperplasia(PH), and 6 normal parathyroid (NP) tissues as controls. Peripheral blood from 11 patients with PC was collected. PCR products using Genomic DNA extracted from tumor tissues or blood as template was sequenced for HRPT2/CDC73 gene. Expression of parafibromin in tumor tissues was evaluated by immunohistochemical analysis.

Results

Six mutations in 6 of 13 patients with PC were identified, with three being novel. Four of them were germ-line mutations. Patients with mutations were susceptible to recurrence of the PC. Complete (8/13, 61.5%) or partial (5/13, 38.5%) loss of parafibromin expression was observed in PC tissues. All of tissue samples from normal parathyroid or benign parathyroid tumors displayed positive immunostaining of parafibromin except one adenoma.

Conclusions

The present study supplies information on the mutations and protein expression of HRPT2/CDC73 gene and phenotypes of parathyroid carcinoma in Chinese population. And the expanded mutation database of this gene may benefit patients in the diagnosis and treatment of this disease.