海洋芽孢杆菌（Bacillus marinus）B-9987菌株抑制病原真菌机理的研究

摘要：【目的】：探讨海洋芽孢杆菌（Bacillus marinus）B-9987菌株的代谢产物BMME-1,对植物病原真菌茄链格孢菌的抑菌作用机理。【方法】分别使用分光光法、气相色谱-质谱GC-MS联用技术、红外光谱法等,检测了BMME-1处理病原真菌后,菌体渗透性、细胞壁及细胞膜成份的变化。【结果】BMME-1对茄链格孢菌的抑菌中浓度（MIC50）为6.2 mg/L,最小杀菌浓度（MFC）为50 mg/L,在MIC50浓度或高于此浓度处理靶标菌,将导致菌体蛋白质、核酸等大分子物质的外流;处理菌株葡聚糖结     

髓源性防御素的研究进展

防御素是一组含有6个半胱氨酸的阳离子抗微生物多肽。在中性粒细胞内,防御素含量丰富,具有广谱、高效的抗微生物活性,是机体天然免疫机制的重要组成部分。近年来的临床观察表明,测定血浆及各种体液中髓源性防御素的改变有助于某些炎症性疾患的诊断。此外,提纯或重组防御素作为“超级抗生素”则已成为药学界的研究热点。本文着重对髓源性防御素的生化特性、生物学活性及其与疾病的关系作一概述。     

深圳地区景观生态连接度评估

以最新的土地利用变更调查资料为基本信息源,利用最小耗费距离模型和障碍影响指数、景观连接度指数计算方法,对深圳市的景观连接度进行综合评价,并分析导致景观格局变化的内在驱动机制,探讨连接度评价方法的使用效果.结果表明,林地和城市建设用地是导致工作区障碍影响指数空间分异的主要景观成分类型;全市生态资源用地类型呈现明显的碎裂化和孤岛状分布格局,而建设用地扩张过程中的无序性和不合理性是导致景观格局劣化的真正原因;摈弃以往不合理的土地开发模式,利用残存的生态资源辅助以必要的人工保护、恢复和建设工作来改善无连接区域内的景观连接度水平,强化建成区内的绿地建设工作,是提升深圳市景观连接度水平的3种有效策略途径.     

Mechanisms of chromatin-based epigenetic inheritance

Multi-cellular organisms such as humans contain hundreds of cell types that share the same genetic information(DNA sequences), and yet have different cellular traits and functions. While how genetic information is passed through generations has been extensively characterized, it remains largely obscure how epigenetic information encoded by chromatin regulates the passage of certain traits, gene expression states and cell identity during mitotic cell divisions, and even through meiosis. In this r...     

多效唑(PP333)对美洲商陆毛状根生长和商陆皂苷甲产生的影响

为了探究植物生长调节剂多效唑(PP333)调控药用植物美洲商陆(Phytolacca americana)毛状根生长和次生代谢的可能性, 设计实验并探讨PP333对美洲商陆毛状根生长及其商陆皂苷甲含量的影响。结果表明, 与对照相比, PP333使毛状根根尖及侧根表面呈浅红色, 侧根变得短而粗, 且随着培养基内PP333浓度的升高, 根表面颜色加深。培养基中添加0.5-5.0 mg·L^-1 PP333能促进毛状根中商陆皂苷甲的产生, 其中以1.0 mg·L^-1 PP333的效果最好, 其商陆皂苷甲含量达6.22 mg·g^-1 DW, 约为对照的1.94倍。PP333能提高毛状根苯丙氨酸裂解酶(PAL)的活性, 并可能通过对PAL酶活性的调节来促进毛状根中商陆皂苷甲的产生。     

我国部分地区即食食品和蔬菜中金黄色葡萄球菌污染分布及耐药和基因分型情况

【目的】系统调查了我国15个代表性城市在即食食品(卤肉、烤肉、凉拌菜和巴氏奶)和蔬菜样品中金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)的污染分布情况,并对分离株进行耐药性分析及多位点序列分型(Multilocus sequence typing,MLST)研究,为食源性金黄色葡萄球菌的风险识别和分子溯源提供基础数据。【方法】依据GB 4789.10-2010对540份即食食品和蔬菜样品进行定性和最大可能数(Most probable number,MPN)分析;采用K-B纸片扩散法检测金黄色葡萄球菌分离株的耐药特征并通过PCR检测mecA基因;应用MLST方法确证金黄色葡萄球菌的主要ST型。【结果】结果发现9.3%(50/540)的样品中检出金黄色葡萄球菌,其中卤肉污染率最高,为16.3%(30/184),其次为烤肉(9.2%,6/65),蔬菜(6/150,4.0%)污染率最低。定量分析发现62.0%的阳性样品污染水平处于0.3–1.0 MPN/g,其中3份阳性样品污染水平≥110 MPN/g。对50株分离株进行24种抗生素耐药性检测,发现82.0%的分离株对氨苄西林和青霉素耐药,64.0%的分离株为多重耐药株。对mecA阳性分离株进行SCCmec分型,发现均为SCCmecⅣa。所有分离株进行MLST分型,共检出14种型别,其中ST3595和ST3847为新ST型。【结论】普遍的多重耐药性表明我国食源性金黄色葡萄球菌的耐药状况已较为严重,对消费者的安全健康存在潜在威胁。ST型与耐药存在一定的关联性,这为进一步了解该菌在我国食品中的流行趋势和风险评估提供了科学的数据支撑。     

青蒿素衍生物对Na+和K+通道的抑制及其与普鲁卡因作用的比较

抗疟新药青蒿素的某些含氮衍生物在动物实验中还显示中局部麻醉效应。本工作利用分化的ＮＣ１０８－１５细胞,在全细胞电压箝位下,比较了五种青蒿素 生物和普鲁卡因对电压门控钠流和延迟整汉钾流的作用。所观察的五种衍生物均部分可逆地和剂量依赖地抑制ＩＮａ,其中含芳香环的ＳＭ５４１作用最强,效应与普鲁卡因的相近。３００μｍｏｌ／Ｌ普卡因对ＩＫ只有微弱的抑制作用;而五种衍生物在相同浓度下均明显抑制ＩＫ,并加快它的     

PML/RARalpha fusion protein mediates the unique sensitivity to arsenic cytotoxicity in acute promyelocytic leukemia cells: Mechanisms involve the impairment of cAMP signaling and the aberrant regulation of NADPH oxidase

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) cells are characterized by PML/RARalpha fusion protein, high responsiveness to arsenic trioxide (ATO)-induced cytotoxicity and an abundant generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this study we investigated the association among these three features in APL-derived NB4 cells. We found that NADPH oxidase-derived ROS generation was more abundant in NB4 cells compared with monocytic leukemia U937 cells. By using PR9, a sub-line of U937 stably transduced with the inducible PML/RARalpha expression vectors, we attributed disparities on ROS generation and ATO sensitivity to the occurrence of PML/RARalpha fusion protein, since PML/RARalpha-expressing cells appeared higher NADPH oxidase activity, higher ROS level and higher sensitivity to ATO. On the other hand, the basal intensity of cAMP signaling pathway was compared between NB4 and U937 as well as between PR9 cells with or without PML/RARalpha, demonstrating that PML/RARalpha-expressing cells had an impaired cAMP signaling pathway which relieved its inhibitory effect on NADPH oxidase derived ROS generation. In summary, the present study demonstrated the correlation of PML/RARalpha with cAMP signaling pathway, NADPH oxidase and ROS generation in APL cells. PML/RARalpha that bestows NB4 cells various pathological features, paradoxically also endows these cells with the basis for susceptibility to ATO-induced cytotoxcity.