全文获取类型
收费全文 | 22247篇 |
免费 | 1526篇 |
国内免费 | 990篇 |
专业分类
24763篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 55篇 |
2023年 | 297篇 |
2022年 | 644篇 |
2021年 | 1026篇 |
2020年 | 684篇 |
2019年 | 910篇 |
2018年 | 897篇 |
2017年 | 679篇 |
2016年 | 959篇 |
2015年 | 1336篇 |
2014年 | 1515篇 |
2013年 | 1756篇 |
2012年 | 1950篇 |
2011年 | 1822篇 |
2010年 | 1018篇 |
2009年 | 909篇 |
2008年 | 1013篇 |
2007年 | 929篇 |
2006年 | 845篇 |
2005年 | 725篇 |
2004年 | 634篇 |
2003年 | 526篇 |
2002年 | 475篇 |
2001年 | 310篇 |
2000年 | 320篇 |
1999年 | 282篇 |
1998年 | 174篇 |
1997年 | 161篇 |
1996年 | 181篇 |
1995年 | 162篇 |
1994年 | 136篇 |
1993年 | 102篇 |
1992年 | 151篇 |
1991年 | 150篇 |
1990年 | 124篇 |
1989年 | 97篇 |
1988年 | 98篇 |
1987年 | 101篇 |
1986年 | 70篇 |
1985年 | 89篇 |
1984年 | 50篇 |
1983年 | 53篇 |
1982年 | 27篇 |
1981年 | 26篇 |
1980年 | 24篇 |
1979年 | 35篇 |
1978年 | 28篇 |
1977年 | 20篇 |
1975年 | 29篇 |
1974年 | 21篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 11 毫秒
101.
双价外壳蛋白基因植物表达载体的构建及马铃薯转基因植株的鉴定 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
在克隆了马铃薯X病毒(PVX)、马铃薯Y 病毒(PVY)和马铃薯卷叶病毒(PLRV)的外壳蛋白基因的基础上,构建同时包含PVX和PVY 与PVY 和PLRV 两个外壳蛋白基因植物表达框架的表达载体,通过农杆菌(Agrobacterium tumefaciens)介导转化烟草(Nicotianatabacum )和生产上常用的几个马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum )优良品种:“Favorita”、“虎头”、“克4”。经PCR检测证明外源基因已整合到植物的染色体上,得到批量转基因植株。在转PVX+PVY 外壳蛋白基因的烟草上接种PVX (5 μg/m L)、PVY(20 μg/m L)病毒,得到有一定抗性的植株 相似文献
102.
High percentages of micro-calli and micro-derived embryos were produced from isolated asparagus microspores at late uninucleate stage on MS liquid medium supplemented with 1.0 mg l–1 2,4-D and 0.5 mg l–1 BA. Two types of calli, namely compact callus (CC) and loose callus (LC), were found. Plantlets were regenerated via organogenesis, when these calli were transferred onto MS solid medium supplemented with 1.0 mg l–1 BA and 0.2 mg l–1 IBA 6 weeks. Embryos were produced from liquid cultured microspores, or from solid cultured micro-calli. The frequencies of haploid plant production from organogenesis and embryogenesis were compared. Effects of plant growth regulators on callus production, plantlet regeneration, and haploid plant production were tested. The combination of BA 1.0 mg l–1 and IBA 0.2 mg l–1 resulted the highest precentage of haploid plant production (7.7% from CC, 4.3% from LC).Abbreviations 2,4-D
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- IBA
3-indolybutyric acid
- BA
6-binzyladinine
- NAA
naphtalene acetic acid
- MS
Murashige and Skoog 相似文献
103.
新型双分子细胞因子融合蛋白研究进展 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
细胞因子通过相互协调、相互制约在体内发挥着重要的免疫调节作用,利用细胞因子的这一特点,近年来国内外设计并构建了新型的第二代细胞因子,即利用基因工程技术和蛋白质工程技术将两种细胞因子合二为一,使之成为具有多功能的嵌合蛋白新品种,为细胞因子的理论研究及临床应用提供了新的手段与方法. 相似文献
104.
细胞间粘附分子1的研究进展 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
细胞间粘附分子1(ICAM-1),又名CD54,是一种重要的细胞表面粘附分子,属免疫球蛋白超家族.它可与鼻病毒以及整合素家族成员结合,参与炎症,普通感冒,变态反应及移植排斥反应.文章就其细胞分布、表达调节、结构功能、基因工程以及临床应用进行了综述. 相似文献
105.
106.
麦秸覆盖夏玉米对其苗期生长发育的生化他感作用研究初报 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
麦秸覆盖夏玉米对其苗期生长发育的生化他感作用研究初报张玉铭,马永清(中国科学院石家在农业现代化研究所,050021)AllelopathicEffectofWheatStrawMulchingonSeedlingGrowthandDevelopmen... 相似文献
107.
The interfering effects of copper, zinc, and cobalt on the uptake of mugineic acid-ferric complex were studied in barley ( Hordeum vulgare , cv. Minorimugi) grown in nutrient solution. Short-term uptake experiments of 3 h were performed utilizing both ionic and mugineic acid-complex forms of each metal at two different concentrations. Copper was most effective in decreasing iron uptake when added in an ionic form at either concentration. The inhibition order at higher concentrations followed Cu(II) > Zn(II) ≥ Co(II), Co(III), which is consistent with the stability constants of these metal complexes with mugineic acid. The displacement of iron from its mugineic acid complex by these metals is suggested as a probable explanation for the decreased iron uptake. The inhibitory effect of metal complexes with mugineic acid on iron uptake was only found in cases with higher concentrations of Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes. Deformation of the specific iron transport system in the plasma membrane due to their adsorption may be responsible for this effect. 相似文献
108.
以网织红细胞与K_(582)细胞融合形成的胞质体杂种细胞K-RRneo为研究对象,对Vimentin、Lamin蛋白与K-RRneo细胞分化排核的关系进行了研究。结果表明:随着K-RRneo细胞的分化,Vimentin mRNA、Lamin蛋白表达明显降低,与我们整装电镜观察及Western印迹分析所得到的结论相一致,证实了薛社普提出的Vimentin、Lamin蛋白在红系细胞分化排核中所起的作用,为最终阐明红系细胞分化排核机制提供了新线索。 相似文献
109.
中国稻蝗属细胞分类学研究(英文) 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
本文对分布于中国境内11省区,27个采集地点的八种稻蝗进行了染色体C带核型比较研究。结果表明:中华稻蝗Oxya chinensis,上海稻蝗O.shanghaiensis,无齿稻蝗O.adentata C带分布型式相似,但染色体分组型式、交叉定位数据以及异染色质含量具有差异;山稻蝗O.agauisa具有本身独特的带纹结构,与本属其它种类迥异;双带稻蝗O.bicingula染色体带型结构相似于山稻蝗及中华稻蝗类群,表明三者在进化历程中有一定联系。小稻蝗O.hyla intricata中一个亲缘种团(Sibling species group),体现在种内的形态差异及染色体带型结构的不同。显示该种近期内分化速率较高。据此,本文讨论了稻蝗属内八个种相互间的亲缘关系和分类地位,本文认为稻蝗属内务物种进化速率是不均衡的,这种状态应归因于各物种的遗传背景和环境因素的影响。 相似文献
110.
Bioenergetics of sulfur reduction in the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus. 总被引:7,自引:4,他引:3
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Journal of bacteriology》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
The bioenergetic role of the reduction of elemental sulfur (S0) in the hyperthermophilic archaeon (formerly archaebacterium) Pyrococcus furiosus was investigated with chemostat cultures with maltose as the limiting carbon source. The maximal yield coefficient was 99.8 g (dry weight) of cells (cdw) per mol of maltose in the presence of S0 but only 51.3 g (cdw) per mol of maltose if S0 was omitted. However, the corresponding maintenance coefficients were not found to be significantly different. The primary fermentation products detected were H2, CO2, and acetate, together with H2S, when S0 was also added to the growth medium. If H2S was summed with H2 to represent total reducing equivalents released during fermentation, the presence of S0 had no significant effect on the pattern of fermentation products. In addition, the presence of S0 did not significantly affect the specific activities in cell extracts of hydrogenase, sulfur reductase, alpha-glucosidase, or protease. These results suggest either that S0 reduction is an energy-conserving reaction, i.e., S0 respiration, or that S0 has a stimulatory effect on or helps overcome a process that is yield limiting. A modification of the Entner-Doudoroff glycolytic pathway has been proposed as the primary route of glucose catabolism in P. furiosus (S. Mukund and M. W. W. Adams, J. Biol. Chem. 266:14208-14216, 1991). Operation of this pathway should yield 4 mol of ATP per mol of maltose oxidized, from which one can calculate a value of 12.9 g (cdw) per mol of ATP for non-S0 growth. Comparison of this value to the yield data for growth in the presence of S0 reduction is equivalent to an ATP yield of 0.5 mol of ATP per mol of S0 reduced. Possible mechanism to account for this apparent energy conservation are discussed. 相似文献