丙氨酸脱氢酶研究概况

丙氨酸脱氢酶(alanine dehydrogenase,ALD,EC 1.4.1.1)是一种以烟酰胺腺嘌呤(NAD)为辅酶的氨基酸脱氢酶.丙氨酸脱氢酶可逆催化丙氨酸氧化脱氨生成丙酮酸、氨及NADH.丙氨酸脱氢酶也是调节氨基酸代谢和糖代谢的重要酶类,其催化反应的产物丙酮酸广泛应用于医药、农药和食品等领域,具有良好的发展前景.主要介绍丙氨酸脱氢酶的纯化及活力检测、酶空间结构(底物结合住点),以及催化反应机理等方面的研究.     

Functional biomarkers in the diagnostics of mental disorders: Cognitive event-related potentials

The article deals with recent research in the field of fundamental knowledge about the mechanisms of information processing in the human brain for the diagnosis of mental disorders performed in the laboratory of neurobiology for action programming of the Bechtereva Institute of the Human Brain of the Russian Academy of Sciences. These studies were connected with the analysis of functional components for cognitive event-related potentials (ERPs) obtained under various behavioral conditions. The main goal of this fundamental approach is the decomposition of multi-channel ERPs into functionally different components. These components are generated in various cortical areas, have different temporal dynamics, and reflect a variety of mental operations. The main methodology we used is the independent component analysis, applied to a large set of ERPs (from hundreds of people) obtained by varying functional conditions in the psychological test. In particular, components related to psychological processes, such as the comparison of sensory signals with a trace in working memory, inhibition of current activity, and monitoring of conflict, were identified in the GO/NOGO test. In the European project, a normative database was constructed for the components described above, and this allowed us to compare the data obtained from large groups of patients (including patients with attention deficit disorder, schizophrenia, obsessive disorders, depression, autism, dyslexia, brain trauma, and dementia) with the healthy subjects. This article presents data from patients with a diagnosis of attention deficit disorder and schizophrenia.     

生活在沼泽地 如今打井成了出路

<正>进入若尔盖县后,路边常常可见层层堆叠着的水泥井圈,标示着该地区打井之普遍。随后在对多家牧民的询问中也证实了这一点:除了居民自挖的土井,也有不少政府打的机井。我们在路边的草场上看到这样一幅情景:     

两种锦鸡和环颈雉线粒体DNA(mtDNA)的比较研究

本文以10种限制性内切酶分析雉科中环颈雉,红腹锦鸡和白腹锦鸡线粒体DNA（mtDNA）。雉属与锦鸡属之间的遗传距离P为0.076（0.067-0.085）,红腹锦鸡与白腹锦鸡的P为0.012。推算雉属和锦鸡属的分化大约发生在3.8×10[6]年以前,红腹锦鸡与白腹锦鸡的分化大约在6×10[5]年以前。这些结果表明：1.在雉科系统发生中,雉属与锦鸡属是近缘的属;2.红腹锦鸡和白腹锦鸡的分化较晚,关系密切,可能只是两个亚种。     

结合三代测序与二代测序技术揭示蜜蜂球囊菌孢子转录组的复杂性

【目的】蜜蜂球囊菌(Ascosphaera apis)是一种专性侵染蜜蜂幼虫的致死性真菌病原。本研究旨在利用PacBio单分子实时(singlemoleculereal-time,SMRT)测序技术对蜜蜂球囊菌孢子(AaS)中基因的可变剪切(alternative splicing,AS)和可变多聚腺苷酸化(alternative polyadenylation,APA)以及长链非编码RNA (long non-coding RNA,lncRNA)进行鉴定和分析,进而揭示蜜蜂球囊菌孢子中转录组的复杂性。【方法】采用Suppa软件对蜜蜂球囊菌孢子中基因的AS事件进行鉴定。通过RT-PCR对不同类型的AS事件进行验证。采用TAPIS pipeline对蜜蜂球囊菌孢子基因的APA位点进行鉴定。利用MEME软件分析孢子全长转录本的poly(A)剪接位点上游50bp的序列特征并鉴定motif。联用CPC和CNCI软件和比对Swiss-prot数据库的方法预测lncRNA,取三者的交集作为高可信度的lncRNA集合。进一步比较lncRNA和mRNA的转录本长度,外显子数量与长度,内含子长度,GC含...     

分子标记分析二十三种香型水稻十个食味品质相关基因的基因型

选取23种香型水稻品种为供试材料,利用分子标记检测方法,进行了10个与稻米食味品质相关基因：耽、SSII-3、SBE3、AGPiso、SSIII-2、AGPlar、P比、SSI、ISA、SSIV-2的基因型分析。结果发现,含有最好食味品质基因型的水稻是“2845”;其次是“松香早粳”、“苏沪香粳”、“B1”、“武运2645”、“通运粳”、“银香28”、“香粳49②”、“99983”、“W香99075”、“07-08”、“云粳优15”、“29185”、“南海318”：另外9种香稻,“大华香粳”、“武香14”、“香粳”、“Della光身稻”、“大粒香”、“泰国香稻”、“C香517”、“香稻1号”、“中香1号”都分别含有一些可能会影响稻米食味品质的基因型。开展本研究不仅能够使人们对这些香稻食味品质基因型有一个全面的认识,还可为今后利用分子标记辅助培育优良食味品质香稻新品种和亲本的选择提供重要的基因型信息。     

铅对鲫鱼碱性磷酸酶和酸性磷酸酶活性的影响

在实验条件下,将鲫鱼置于1、10、40 mg/L的Pb2 溶液中静态染毒,分别在24 h、48 h、96 h、144 h测定鳃、肝、胰、肾、脑组织的碱性磷酸酶(AKP)和酸性磷酸酶(ACP)活性.结果 表明,鲫鱼鳃、肝、胰、肾、脑组织中碱性磷酸酶和酸性磷酸酶的活性随着铅浓度的升高和染毒时间的延长均呈下降趋势,其中以肾脏和脑下降最明显.     

Inhibition of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-induced Apoptosis by Silkworm Storage Protein 1

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) plays essential roles indispensable for cellular activity and survival, including functions such as protein synthesis, secretory and membrane protein folding, and Ca²⁺ release in cells. The ER is sensitive to stresses that can lead to the aggregation and accumulation of misfolded proteins, which eventually triggers cellular dysfunction; severe or prolonged ER stress eventually induces apoptosis. ER stress-induced apoptosis causes several devastating diseases such as atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative diseases, and diabetes. In addition, the production of biopharmaceuticals such as monoclonal antibodies requires the maintenance of normal ER functions to achieve and maintain the production of high-quality products in good quantities. Therefore, it is necessary to develop methods to efficiently relieve ER stress and protect cells from ER stress-induced apoptosis. The silkworm storage protein 1 (SP1) has anti-apoptotic activities that inhibit the intrinsic mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. However, the role of SP1 in controlling ER stress and ER stress-induced apoptosis has not been investigated. In this paper, we demonstrate that SP1 can inhibit apoptosis induced by a well-known ER stress inducer, thapsigargin, by alleviating the decrease in cell viability and mitochondrial membrane potential. Interestingly, SP1 significantly blocked increases in CHOP and GRP78 expression as well as ER Ca2+ leakage into the cytosol following ER stress induction. This indicates that SP1 protects cells from ER stressinduced apoptosis by functioning as an upstream inhibitor of apoptosis. Therefore, studying SP1 function can offer new insights into protecting cells against ER stress-induced apoptosis for future applications in the biopharmaceutical and medicine industries.