乳酸链球菌素对瘤胃体外发酵、甲烷生成及功能菌群数量的影响北大核心CSCD

【目的】旨在通过体外静态模拟瘤胃发酵法研究乳酸链球菌素(NI)对瘤胃发酵、甲烷生成及功能菌群数量的影响。【方法】以不添加任何添加剂处理做阴性对照(NC),以莫能菌素(MON,5μmol/L)做阳性对照,试验组NI添加水平分别为3(NI-3)、9(NI-9)和27 mg/100 m L(NI-27),每个处理4个重复,分别于培养后的0、3、6、9、12、24 h测定产气量和甲烷产量。培养24 h后,采集发酵液样品,用于发酵参数和菌群数量的测定。【结果】与NC组相比,添加NI和MON均能显著降低产气量和甲烷产量(P<0.05);添加NI对pH值、干物质消失率(DMD)和有机物消失率(OMD)无显著影响(P>0.05);NI-9处理组与NC组相比氨态氮浓度显著降低(P<0.05),而NI-3和NI-27组氨氮浓度没有显著变化(P>0.05);相比而言,MON处理组DMD、OMD和氨氮浓度与NC组相比均显著降低(P<0.05),而pH值与其他各处理组相比没有差异(P>0.05);与NC组相比,NI各处理组和MON组乙酸浓度及乙丙比均显著降低(P<0.05),丙酸浓度显著提高(P<0.05)。功能菌方面,qPCR结果显示添加NI和MON对总菌和拟杆菌门数量均无显著影响(P>0.05);与NC相比,添加NI对原虫、甲烷菌、真菌和厚壁菌门数量均无显著影响(P>0.05),而MON组原虫、甲烷菌、真菌和厚壁菌门数量显著降低(P<0.05);NI和MON处理均显著提高了硫还原菌和C.aminophilum数量(P<0.05),但C.sticklandii数量不受影响(P>0.05)。【结论】添加适宜浓度的NI可降低瘤胃甲烷与氨的生成,但并不影响饲料消化,这种发酵模式的改变可能与瘤胃功能菌群数量与多样性的变化密切相关。     

Prolonged treatment with 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine improves the efficiency of differentiating 3T3-L1 cells into adipocytes

Until now, the low efficiency of current protocols or kits for the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes makes it difficult to continue the studies of the cellular and molecular mechanisms in adipocytes. Here we present a productive and highly efficient protocol for the differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells that uses a prolonged treatment with 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX) during the differentiated process. 3T3-L1 cells of unknown passage +3 and unknown passage +7 treated with a prolonged exposure to IBMX showed significantly increased differentiation efficiency by day 15, in contrast to low levels of differentiation seen with protocols that lacked additional IBMX.     

Disposable orbitally shaken TubeSpin bioreactor 600 for Sf9 cell cultivation in suspension

Disposable orbitally shaken TubeSpin bioreactor 600 tubes (TS600s) were recently developed for the bench-scale cultivation of animal cells in suspension. Here we compared batch cultures of Sf9 insect cells in TS600s, spinner flasks, and shake flasks. Superior cell growth was observed in TS600s and shake flasks as compared with spinner flasks, and more favorable oxygen-enriched cell culture conditions were observed in TS600s as compared with either spinner or shake flasks. The results demonstrated the suitability of TS600s as a disposable vessel for the cultivation of Sf9 cells in suspension.     

Development of a loop‐mediated isothermal amplification assay for rapid and sensitive detection of Sporisorium scitamineum in sugarcane

Smut disease caused by Sporisorium scitamineum is one of the most destructive sugarcane diseases worldwide. The pathogen spreads primarily through infected sugarcane setts, and hence, the use of disease‐free planting materials is essential for preventing disease development in the field. In this study, a species‐specific loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay was developed for rapid and accurate detection of S. scitamineum. Based on the differences in internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences of S. scitamineum, a set of four species‐specific primers, F3, B3, FIP and BIP, were designed by using a panel of fungal and bacterial species as controls. After optimization of the reaction conditions, the detection limit of LAMP assay was about 2 fg of the S. scitamineum genomic DNA in 25 µL reaction solution, 100‐fold lower than that of conventional polymerase chain reaction. The assay showed high specificity to discriminate all S. scitamineum isolates from nine other fungal and bacterial pathogens. The LAMP assay also detected smut infection from young sugarcane leaves with no visible smut‐disease symptoms. The findings from this study provide a simple, highly sensitive, rapid and reliable technique for early detection of S. scitamineum, which may be useful for sugarcane quarantine and production of smut‐free seedcanes. This is the first report of LAMP‐based assay for the detection of S. scitamineum in sugarcane.     

Effect of exogenous abscisic acid on cold acclimation in two Magnolia species

In northern China, freezing injury is observed frequently in the rare species Magnolia wufengensis but not in the more common species Magnolia denudata. To investigate the role of the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) on frost tolerance in these two species, exogenous ABA was applied to the seedlings and then physiological and biochemical responses were measured during cold acclimation. Shoot growth cessation was stimulated by ABA in M. wufengensis but not in M. denudata. Abscisic acid inhibited shoot growth in M. wufengensis but not in M. denudata. Treatment with ABA stimulated leaf senescence in both species, and this effect was greater in M. denudata. For both species, ABA-treated plants exhibited bud dormancy sooner and had an increased tolerance to freezing, decreased water content and increased accumulation of proline, glucose, and fructose in shoots. These effects were generally greater for M. denudata. Freezing tolerance was significantly correlated with content of water, proline, glucose, and fructose for both species, but freezing tolerance was significantly correlated with raffinose content only in M. wufengensis. We conclude that exogenous ABA could increase cold acclimation and improve cold hardiness of both Magnolia species, although M. denudata was more responsive to ABA than M. wufengensis, which might result from a greater dehydration and accumulation of proline and certain soluble sugars.     

Chlorophylls <Emphasis Type="Italic">d</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">f</Emphasis> and their role in primary photosynthetic processes of cyanobacteria

The finding of unique Chl d- and Chl f-containing cyanobacteria in the last decade was a discovery in the area of biology of oxygenic photosynthetic organisms. Chl b, Chl c, and Chl f are considered to be accessory pigments found in antennae systems of photosynthetic organisms. They absorb energy and transfer it to the photosynthetic reaction center (RC), but do not participate in electron transport by the photosynthetic electron transport chain. However, Chl d as well as Chl a can operate not only in the light-harvesting complex, but also in the photosynthetic RC. The long-wavelength (Q_y) Chl d and Chl f absorption band is shifted to longer wavelength (to 750 nm) compared to Chl a, which suggests the possibility for oxygenic photosynthesis in this spectral range. Such expansion of the photosynthetically active light range is important for the survival of cyanobacteria when the intensity of light not exceeding 700 nm is attenuated due to absorption by Chl a and other pigments. At the same time, energy storage efficiency in photosystem 2 for cyanobacteria containing Chl d and Chl f is not lower than that of cyanobacteria containing Chl a. Despite great interest in these unique chlorophylls, many questions related to functioning of such pigments in primary photosynthetic processes are still not elucidated. This review describes the latest advances in the field of Chl d and Chl f research and their role in primary photosynthetic processes of cyanobacteria.