受损背根节神经元自发放电节律的整数倍模式及其动力学变化

本文记录了大鼠损伤背根节神经元的自发放电活动。采用背根节慢性压迫动物模型,记录慢性压迫手术后３－１０ｄ背根节的自发放电。在记录的１５６根纤维中,观察到１７根（占１１Ａ％）出现的动作电位峰峰间期以某一基础间期的整数倍模式出现的整数倍时间节律形式,其回归映射图为晶格状点阵结构,并且该时间形式受细胞膜上钠,钾通道的调控。     

Structure and mechanisms of the proteasome-associated deubiquitinating enzyme USP14

The ubiquitin-specific processing protease (UBP) family of deubiquitinating enzymes plays an essential role in numerous cellular processes. Mammalian USP14 (Ubp6 in yeast) is unique among known UBP enzymes in that it is activated catalytically upon specific association with the 26S proteasome. Here, we report the crystal structures of the 45-kDa catalytic domain of USP14 in isolation and in a complex with ubiquitin aldehyde, which reveal distinct structural features. In the absence of ubiquitin binding, the catalytic cleft leading to the active site of USP14 is blocked by two surface loops. Binding by ubiquitin induces a significant conformational change that translocates the two surface loops thereby allowing access of the ubiquitin C-terminus to the active site. These structural observations, in conjunction with biochemical characterization, identify important regulatory mechanisms for USP14.     

蚜虫种群时空分布动态模型

种群空间格局是昆虫种群的重要属性,是为害虫防治提供动态信息的重要前提。关于种群空间格局的时空动态,前人曾建立了富立叶模型和有阻尼自由震荡模型,但忽略了生境资源和空间资源的限制,不能很好地描述昆虫种群在自然界摆布状况的动态行为。因此,在前人研究的基础上,根据蚜虫在自然界的聚集扩散行为逐步建立了描述蚜虫种群聚集扩散规律的变幅、变周期时空分布动态模型,即:y=Ae-nt[sin(w0emtt+φ)+b]+c,并应用该模型对麦长管蚜(Sitobion avenae Fabricius)、麦二叉蚜(Schizaphis graminum Rondani)、禾缢管蚜(Rhopalosiphum padi Linnaeus)和玉米蚜(Rhopalosiphum maidis Fitch)的实验数据进行了拟合。结果表明,麦蚜种群和玉米蚜种群呈现出不同的规律,3种麦蚜均为减幅减周期的变化趋势,玉米蚜则表现为减幅增周期的变化趋势。此外,该模型的拟合效果较好(R20.942,SSE2.6)、生物意义明确,不仅可用于描述蚜虫以及蚜虫以外的其他昆虫和螨类种群的时空动态,还可准确描述不同年龄阶段和不同空间位置上种群的动态,具有普遍适用性。应用该模型考察不同种蚜虫在同一作物上的竞争情况和蚜虫与其天敌的空间分布动态,可为害虫的综合防治奠定基础;对不同小麦抗性品种上同一种蚜虫的聚集扩散行为进行刻画、分析,还可为小麦的抗性育种提供参考依据。     

同期施行冠状动脉搭桥和心脏瓣膜手术的体外循环

目的总结和分析同期施行冠状动脉搭桥和心脏瓣膜手术的体外循环方法。方法125例患者分为3组:M组(冠脉病变及二尖瓣病变)75例,A组(冠脉病变及主动脉瓣病变)34例,D组(冠脉病变及二尖瓣和主动脉瓣病变)16例。心肌保护采用4:1冷含血停搏液,应用单纯顺灌、顺灌逆灌结合、顺灌桥灌结合、顺逆灌和桥灌结合技术。结果术中转流平稳,血流动力学稳定,监测指标均在正常范围,无手术死亡。结论同期施行冠状动脉搭桥和心脏瓣膜手术,术中良好的心肌保护方法和合理的体外循环灌注是保证手术顺利成功的重要因素。     

Stable expression of antibiotic-resistant gene ble from Streptoalloteichus hindustanus in the mitochondria of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

The mitochondrial expression of exogenous antibiotic resistance genes has not been demonstrated successfully to date, which has limited the development of antibiotic resistance genes as selectable markers for mitochondrial site-directed transformation in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. In this work, the plasmid pBSLPNCB was constructed by inserting the gene ble of Streptoalloteichus hindustanus (Sh ble), encoding a small (14-kilodalton) protective protein into the site between TERMINVREP-Left repeats and the cob gene in a fragment of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of C. reinhardtii. The fusion DNA-construct, which contained TERMINVREP-Left, Sh ble, cob, and partial nd4 sequence, were introduced into the mitochondria of the respiratory deficient dum-1 mutant CC-2654 of C. reinhardtii by biolistic particle delivery system. A large number of transformants were obtained after eight weeks in the dark. Subsequent subculture of the transformants on the selection TAP media containing 3 ìg/mL Zeomycin for 12 months resulted in genetically modified transgenic algae MT-Bs. Sequencing and Southern analyses on the mitochondrial genome of the different MT-B lines revealed that Sh ble gene had been integrated into the mitochondrial genome of C. reinhardtii. Both Western blot, using the anti-BLE monoclonal antibody, and Zeomycin tolerance analysis confirmed the presence of BLE protein in the transgenic algal cells. It indicates that the Sh ble gene can be stably expressed in the mitochondria of C. reinhardtii.     

Recent advances in gel-based proteome profiling techniques

This review focuses on recent developments in gel-based proteomics techniques. By combining traditional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and two-dimensional gel electrophoretic techniques with recent advances in protein labeling using different classes of molecules (i.e., fluorescent dyes, chemical probes, radioisotopes), new technologies have been developed that allow for high-throughput studies of proteins at the whole-proteome scale.     

Structural Modification of Stilbenoids from Acanthopanax leucorrhizus and Their Cytotoxic Activity

A new cis‐stilbenoid, 1,9‐dihydroxy‐10‐methoxy‐6H‐dibenzo[b,f]oxocin‐6‐one ( 2 ) was isolated from the AcOEt extract of the stem barks of Acanthopanax leucorrhizus, along with three known stilbenoids, 9‐hydroxy‐10‐methoxy‐6H‐dibenzo[b,f]oxocin‐6‐one ( 1 ), 5‐O‐methyl‐(E)‐resveratrol 3‐O‐β‐d ‐glucopyranoside ( 3 ), and (E)‐resveratrol 3‐O‐β‐d ‐xylopyranoside ( 4 ). Two derivatives ( 2a and 2b ) were synthesized by the structural modification of compound 2, which exhibited certain cytotoxic activities against HT‐29 and HeLa cell lines in vitro. All compounds were structurally characterized by comprehensive analysis of their spectroscopic data and comparison with literature information, and evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against three human tumor cell lines (HL‐60, HT‐29, and HeLa) by the standard MTT assay in vitro. The results showed that derivatives 2a and 2b exhibited strong activities than compounds 2 against HT‐29 and HeLa cell lines.     

Probing the HIV-1 Genomic RNA Trafficking Pathway and Dimerization by Genetic Recombination and Single Virion Analyses

Once transcribed, the nascent full-length RNA of HIV-1 must travel to the appropriate host cell sites to be translated or to find a partner RNA for copackaging to form newly generated viruses. In this report, we sought to delineate the location where HIV-1 RNA initiates dimerization and the influence of the RNA transport pathway used by the virus on downstream events essential to viral replication. Using a cell-fusion-dependent recombination assay, we demonstrate that the two RNAs destined for copackaging into the same virion select each other mostly within the cytoplasm. Moreover, by manipulating the RNA export element in the viral genome, we show that the export pathway taken is important for the ability of RNA molecules derived from two viruses to interact and be copackaged. These results further illustrate that at the point of dimerization the two main cellular export pathways are partially distinct. Lastly, by providing Gag in trans, we have demonstrated that Gag is able to package RNA from either export pathway, irrespective of the transport pathway used by the gag mRNA. These findings provide unique insights into the process of RNA export in general, and more specifically, of HIV-1 genomic RNA trafficking.     

Membrane permeability parameters for some amino acids and beta-lactam antibiotics: application of the boundary layer approach

The boundary layer approach to analyzing the results of the perfused intestinal segment method of measuring membrane permeabilities is applied to the amino acids; leucine, valine, phenylalanine, lysine and aspartic acid and the beta-lactam antibiotics, cephalexin and penicillin V. The analysis indicates that in determining the membrane parameters, Pw vs. Cw data are preferable to using Jss = PwCw vs. Cw data. It is further shown that the carrier permeability, Pc* = Jmax*/Km, may be the most significant parameter to consider since luminal amino acid or drug concentration may generally be below the Km value. A comparison of P*c values for the beta-lactams with results for passively absorbed compounds indicates that the cephalosporins would be expected to be well absorbed orally based on the perfusion results. This suggests that this approach may be useful in estimating oral drug absorption for compounds that are absorbed passively as well as by a carrier-mediated mechanism.     

IL-4抑制Lewis肺癌生长和转移的实验研究

探讨 IL -4对 Lewis肺癌生长和转移的抑制作用。将 Lewis肺癌细胞接种于 C57BL /6小鼠皮下。将 2 0只小鼠随机分为两组 ,接种后第 5天起分别给予生理盐水或 IL-4。第 1 8天处死动物 ,测两组肿瘤的平均体积 ,平均瘤重及肺转移灶。 、 组肿瘤的平均体积为 ( 2 .0 0 7± 0 .0 0 6) cm3 ,( 0 .4 0 4± 0 .0 1 0 ) cm3 ;平均瘤重为 ( 2 .83 3± 0 .0 74 ) g、( 0 .586± 0 .0 4 0 ) g,肺转移灶为 ( 5.50 0± 0 .92 6) ,( 3 .3 75± 1 .0 61 )。 组与 I组比差异有显著性 ( P<0 .0 5) ;平均潜伏期为 :8.3 0± 0 .4 9;1 0 .56± 0 .3 6。 IL-4能抑制 Lewis肺癌生长和转移。