Identification of Leaf Proteins Differentially Accumulated between Wheat Cultivars Distinct in Their Levels of Drought Tolerance

The drought-tolerant ‘Ningchun 47’ (NC47) and drought-sensitive ‘Chinese Spring’ (CS) wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars were treated with different PEG6000 concentrations at the three-leaf stage. An analysis on the physiological and proteomic changes of wheat seedling in response to drought stress was performed. In total, 146 differentially accumulated protein (DAP) spots were separated and recognised using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. In total, 101 DAP spots representing 77 unique proteins were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry. These proteins were allocated to 10 groups according to putative functions, which were mainly involved in carbon metabolism (23.4%), photosynthesis/respiration (22.1%) and stress/defence/detoxification (18.2%). Some drought stress-related proteins in NC47, such as enolase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, Oxygen-evolving enhancer protein 2, fibrillin-like protein, 2-Cys peroxiredoxin BAS1 and 70-kDa heat shock protein, were more upregulated than those in CS. Multivariate principal components analysis revealed obvious differences between the control and treatments in both NC47 and CS, while cluster analysis showed that the DAPs displayed five and six accumulation patterns in NC47 and CS, respectively. Protein–protein interaction network analysis showed that some key DAPs, such as 2-Cys peroxiredoxin BAS1, RuBisCO large subunit-binding protein, 50S ribosomal protein L1, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase isoenzyme and 70-kDa heat shock protein, with upregulated accumulation in NC47, had complex interactions with other proteins related to amino acid metabolism, carbon metabolism, energy pathway, signal transduction, stress/defence/detoxification, protein folding and nucleotide metabolism. These proteins could play important roles in drought-stress tolerance and contribute to the relatively stronger drought tolerance of NC47.     

Association of the Genetic Polymorphisms in Pre-MicroRNAs with Risk of Ischemic Stroke in a Chinese Population

microRNA (miRNA) plays a role in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke, and single nucleotide polymorphisms in miRNA genes may contribute to disease susceptibility. However, the effect of miR-146a, miR-196a2, and miR-499 polymorphisms on ischemic stroke susceptibility has been rarely reported. Using the TaqMan assay, we evaluated the association of hsa-miR-146a/rs2910164, hsa-miR-196a2/rs11614913, and hsa-miR-499/rs3746444 polymorphisms with the risk of ischemic stroke in a Chinese population with 531 ischemic stroke patients and 531 control subjects. Rs2910164 C/G genotypes were significantly associated with increased risk of ischemic stroke in different genetic model (homozygote comparison: OR = 2.00, 95% CI, 1.29–3.12, P = 0.002; additive model: OR = 1.35, 95% CI, 1.10–1.65, P = 0.004;dominant model: OR = 1.33, 95% CI, 1.00–1.75, P = 0.049; recessive model: OR = 1.82, 95% CI, 1.20–2.74, P = 0.004). Subjects with allele G of hsa-miR-146a/ rs2910164 also showed increased risk of ischemic stroke (OR = 1.33, 95% CI, 1.09–1.62, P = 0.005). Stratification analysis showed that the association between rs2910164 and the risk of ischemic stroke was more pronounced in subjects over 60 years old, females, non-drinkers, subjects without hypertension or diabetes mellitus. There were significant combined effects between miR-146a/rs2910164 and fasting glucose/low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels on ischemic stroke susceptibility. However, we failed to find any association between the alleles/genotypes of rs11614913 T/C and ischemic stroke, respectively (P> 0.05). In summary, this study provides evidence that miR-146a/rs2910164 might be associated with a significantly increased risk of ischemic stroke in a Chinese population, and the combined effects between miRNA polymorphism and fasting glucose /blood lipid levels may contribute to stroke pathogenesis.     

60Co-γ射线辐照人体胎盘羊膜保鲜研究及应用

新鲜人体胎盘羊膜是一种新型的生物敷料.具有来源广泛、成本低,贮存使用方便,对烧伤创面有良好的保护作用,促进创面及早封闭、愈合等优点.本文对离体8小时之内的鲜人体胎盘羊膜辐照灭菌、保鲜方法及临床应用进行了研究.供试样品经清洗、灭菌、脱脂、脱水等预处理后,制备成15×10cm2的羊膜,分装于尼龙-聚乙烯复合袋中,抽真空封闭包装待辐照.辐照处理由黑龙江省农科院原子能利用研究所具有微机自动控制及旋转辐照台的60Co-γ射线辐照10-14kGy后,微生物检测仍为阳性,达到16kGy吸收剂量以上时,微生物检测为阴性.常温(平均15℃)条件下贮存180天,0-14kGy处理组微生物检测阳性,并发生不同程度的胀袋、变色.16-24kGy处理组虽然微生物检测为阴性,但颜色发生褐变并出现异味而失去应用价值.低温(平均5℃)避光条件下贮存180天,16-24kGy处理组微生物检测为阴性,颜色、气味与新鲜对照样品无显著性差异.经哈尔滨医科大学临床应用16例病人,26个烧伤创面的覆盖试验,保鲜的人体胎盘羊膜止痛率100%,创面渗出明显减少,防止了创面的枯干及病原微生物的二次污染,使"间生态组织"迅速恢复生机而避免发生坏死,创面愈合后表面光滑,无明显瘢痕增生.     

微生物菌群协同提高水稻秸秆转化机制的解析

单一微生物降解水稻秸秆效果不明显,多种微生物组合在一起的微生物菌群能够有效降解水稻秸秆,是当前降解秸秆类废物的首要选择。【目的】探究微生物菌群比单一菌株转化秸秆效率提高的种间协作机制,为改善秸秆类物质的生物降解过程提供理论参考。【方法】通过菌种组合,以水稻秸秆减重率为指标人工构建出降解效果优于单菌培养的微生物群体组合,利用分子生物学方法对实验菌株进行鉴定,结合纤维素酶活性、发酵产物GC-MS分析等指标得出水稻秸秆降解时微生物群体的种间协作机制。【结果】菌株B (Bacillus cereus)在30℃培养8 d水稻秸秆降解率为50.9%,菌株B与菌株D_2(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)、W_1(Ochrobactrum intermedium)、G_1降解(Bacillus licheniformis)组合构成4株菌BD_2W_1G_1的复合菌群,在30℃培养8 d水稻秸秆降解率为73.3%,比B单菌株分解能力提高22.4%。发酵产物分析结果表明,菌株B单独培养产生大量酸、酚等物质。B+D_2联合培养,发酵液内酸类相对减少87.4%,酚类相对减少61.9%(十五烷酸、正十六烷酸、2,4二叔丁基酚和6-叔丁基对甲酚减少明显),水稻秸秆降解率为64.6%。当B+D_2+W_1联合培养,发酵液内酚类进一步减少15.7%(6-叔丁基对甲酚减少明显),水稻秸秆降解率为71.0%。当B+D_2+W_1+G_1联合培养,酚类继续减少10.7%,水稻秸秆降解率为73.3%。【结论】十五烷酸、正十六烷酸、2,4二叔丁基酚和6-叔丁基对甲酚等酸、酚类物质会抑制菌株B分解水稻秸秆的效率,菌株D_2、W_1、G_1能够减少包括4种物质在内的酸、酚类含量(酸类共减少82.9%,酚类共减少88.2%),来提高分解效率(共提升22.4%的分解效果)。水稻秸秆成分复杂,具有不同功能的菌种组合成复合菌剂,减少反馈抑制形成代谢互补,能有效提高水稻秸秆生物降解效果。     

克拉玛依油田高盐采油废水人工湿地环境及其生态效应

作为生态系统中较为脆弱的一种,荒漠区生物种类具有显著的地域特征,高盐采油废水的排放会对荒漠生态系统造成一定的影响。以克拉玛依油田某外排水人工湿地为研究对象,采用等距离布点原则布设12个样方,通过地理探测器和聚类分析识别出湿地影响区域和背景区域,分析了两区域内土壤理化性质、植物多样性,并分析了盐分生态风险评估。结果表明：采油废水排放对周围土壤含水率影响较大,背景点位含水率在6.5%以下,湿地影响点位含水率在12%-30%;对土壤全盐量的影响不显著,土壤含盐量呈现从西北到东南方向递增的规律;在整个研究区域发现8个物种,其中4个物种在两区域内都存在,但是植物生长状况差异明显,受湿地影响区域的植被盖度变化范围更大,在1%-40%之间,未受影响区域的植被盖度均在20%以下;通过毒性效应分析得到盐分的预测无效应浓度为83.04 g/kg,实际浓度与其相比,风险熵小于1,盐分的暴露尚未引起生态风险。     

Surface Plasmon Polariton Enhancement in Silver Nanowire–Nanoantenna Structure

The surface plasmon polariton (SPP) coupling and enhancement in silver nanowire–nanoantenna structure is proposed and simulated by using finite difference time domain method. The results demonstrate that three-arm antenna can effectively enhance the coupling efficiency at the incident end and the SPP field intensity at the emission end. The enhancement factor, which is defined as the ratio of the SPP field intensity at the emission end with and without the three-arm antenna, for the various antenna arm lengths and incident wavelengths under different incident angles are calculated. The suggested structure can be served as an enhanced plasmonic waveguide for the nanophotonic and plasmonic circuits in the future.