对TMV不同抗性番茄品种的叶绿体DNA限制性内切酶酶谱分析

选用对TMV有抗性和敏感的番茄品种、制备其ct-DNA, 用限制性内切酶BumHI、EcoRI和PstI完全酶解, 三种酶切图谱与前人报道一致, 由酶切片段计算番茄ct-DNA。分子量约为156.9kb。比较抗性和敏感品种的ct-DNA图谱, 发现三种酶切图谱均存在差异, 但由差异片段计算分子量之和又很除近。我们推测这是由于检基顺序变异或小段DNA顺序插入或缺失所造成, 由此证明, 叶绿体基因组与核中的TMV抗性基因, 共同决定着植物体对TMV的抗性。     

Effect of silicon-doped calcium phosphate cement on angiogenesis based on controlled macrophage polarization

Vascularization is an important early indicator of osteogenesis involving biomaterials.Bone repair and new bone formation are associated with extensive neovascu...     

Late Cretaceous sedimentary evolution of a northern sector of the Adriatic Carbonate Platform (Matarsko Podolje,SW Slovenia)

Cretaceous shallow-marine carbonate rocks of SW Slovenia were deposited in the northern part of the Adriatic Carbonate Platform. A 560-m-thick continuous Upper Cenomanian to Santonian carbonate succession has been studied near Hru?ica Village in Matarsko Podolje. With regard to lithological, sedimentological, and stratigraphical characteristics, the succession has been divided into nine lithostratigraphic units, mainly reflecting regressive and transgressive intervals of larger scale. During the latest Cenomanian and Early Turonian, hemipelagic limestones were deposited on top of shallow-marine lagoon and peritidal Upper Cenomanian deposits indicating relative sea-level rise. Subsequently, the deeper marine depositional setting was gradually filled by clinoform bioclastic sand bodies overlain by peritidal and shallow-marine low-energy mainly lagoonal lithofacies. Similar lithofacies of predominately inner ramp/shelf depositional settings prevail over the upper part (i.e., Coniacian to Santonian) of the succession. In the area, the Upper Cetaceous carbonate rocks are separated from the overlying Lower Eocene (Upper Paleocene?) carbonate sequence by regional unconformity denoted by distinct paleokarstic features. On the Adriatic Carbonate Platform the deeper marine carbonate setting, developed at the Cenomanian/Turonian boundary, is usually correlated with OAE2 and related eustatic sea-level rise. Similarly, subsequent reestablished shallow-marine conditions are related to Late Turonian long- and short-term sea-level fall. However, we are suggesting that deeper marine deposits were deposited in a tectonically induced intraplatform basin formed simultaneously with the uplift of the northern and northeastern marginal parts of the Adriatic Carbonate Platform.     

The effect of calciums on molecular motions of proteinase K

The native serine protease proteinase K binds two calcium cations. It has been reported that Ca²⁺ removal decreased the enzyme’s thermal stability and to some extent the substrate affinity, but has discrepant effects on catalytic activity of the enzyme. Molecular dynamics simulations were performed on the Ca²⁺-bound and Ca²⁺-free proteases to investigate the mechanism by which the calciums affect the structural stability, molecular motions, and catalytic activity of proteinase K. Very similar structural properties were observed between these two forms of proteinase K during simulations; and several long-lived hydrogen bonds and salt bridges common to both forms of proteinase K were found to be crucial in maintaining the local conformations around these two Ca²⁺ sites. Although Ca²⁺ removal enhanced the overall flexibility of proteinase K, the flexibility in a limited number of segments surrounding the substrate-binding pockets decreased. The largest differences in the equilibrium structures of the two simulations indicate that, upon the removal of Ca²⁺, the large concerted motion originating from the Ca1 site can transmit to the substrate-binding regions but not to the catalytic triad residues. In conjunction with the large overlap of the essential subspaces between the two simulations, these results not only provide insight into the dynamics of the underlying molecular mechanism responsible for the unchanged enzymatic activity as well as the decreased thermal stability and substrate affinity of proteinase K upon Ca²⁺ removal, but also complement the experimentally determined structural and biochemical data.     

Cytological and morphology characteristics of natural microsporogenesis within Camellia oleifera

Camellia oleifera is believed to exhibit a complex intraspecific polyploidy phenomenon. Abnormal microsporogenesis can promote the formation of unreduced gametes in plants and lead to sexual polyploidy, so it is hypothesized that improper meiosis probably results in the formation of natural polyploidy in Camellia oleifera. In this study, based on the cytological observation of meiosis in pollen mother cells (PMCs), we found natural 2n pollen for the first time in Camellia oleifera, which may lead to the formation of natural polyploids by sexual polyploidization. Additionally, abnormal cytological behaviour during meiosis, including univalent chromosomes, extraequatorial chromosomes, early segregation, laggard chromosomes, chromosome stickiness, asynchronous meiosis and deviant cytokinesis (monad, dyads, triads), was observed, which could be the cause of 2n pollen formation. Moreover, we confirmed a relationship among the length–width ratio of flower buds, stylet length and microsporogenesis. This result suggested that we can immediately determine the microsporogenesis stages by phenotypic characteristics, which may be applicable to breeding advanced germplasm in Camellia oleifera.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-021-01002-5.     

Synchronized oviposition triggered by migratory flight intensifies larval outbreaks of beet webworm

Identifying the reproductive consequences of insect migration is critical to understanding its ecological and evolutionary significance. However, many empirical studies are seemingly contradictory, making recognition of unifying themes elusive and controversial. The beet webworm, Loxostege sticticalis L. is a long-range migratory pest of many crops in the northern temperate zone from 36 °N to 55 °N, with larval populations often exploding in regions receiving immigrants. In laboratory experiments, we examined (i) the reproductive costs of migratory flight by tethered flight, and (ii) the reproductive traits contributing to larval outbreaks of immigrant populations. Our results suggest that the beet webworm does not initiate migratory flight until the 2nd or 3rd night after emergence. Preoviposition period, lifetime fecundity, mating capacity, and egg hatch rate for adults that experienced prolonged flight after the 2nd night did not differ significantly from unflown moths, suggesting these traits are irrelevant to the severity of beet webworm outbreaks after migration. However, the period of first oviposition, a novel parameter developed in this paper measuring synchrony of first egg-laying by cohorts of post-migratory females, for moths flown on d 3 and 5 of adulthood was shorter than that of unflown moths, indicating a tightened time-window for onset of oviposition after migration. The resulting synchrony of egg-laying will serve to increase egg and subsequent larval densities. A dense population offers potential selective advantages to the individual larvae comprising it, whereas the effect from the human standpoint is intensification of damage by an outbreak population. The strategy of synchronized oviposition may be common in other migratory insect pests, such as locust and armyworm species, and warrants further study.     

Diosgenin glucuronides from Solanum lyratum and their cytotoxicity against tumor cell lines

Bioassay-directed fractionation of the cytotoxicity active fraction of the whole plant from Solanum lyratum led to the isolation of a new steroidal saponin, diosgenin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid methyl ester (2), as well as four known compounds, diosgenin (1), diosgenin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid (3), diosgenin 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid (4), diosgenin 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucuroniduronic acid methyl ester (5). The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated on the basis of their spectral data and chemical evidences. Compound 1 was isolated for the first time from this plant, and compound 3 was isolated as a new natural product. Cytotoxic activities of the isolated compounds were evaluated and the cytotoxicities of compounds 2-5 reported for the first time.     

Pax3/7BP is a Pax7- and Pax3-binding protein that regulates the proliferation of muscle precursor cells by an epigenetic mechanism

In mouse skeletal muscles, Pax7 uniquely marks muscle satellite cells and plays some important yet unknown functions at the perinatal stage. To elucidate its in vivo functions, we initiated a yeast two-hybrid screening to look for Pax7-interacting proteins and identified a previously uncharacterized Pax7- and Pax3-binding protein (Pax3/7BP). Pax3/7BP is a ubiquitously expressed nuclear protein, enriched in Pax7+ muscle precursor cells (MPCs), and serves as an indispensable adaptor for Pax7 to recruit the histone 3 lysine 4 (H3K4) methyltransferase (HMT) complex by bridging Pax7 and Wdr5. Knockdown of Pax3/7BP abolished the Pax3/7-associated H3K4 HMT activity and inhibited the proliferation of Pax7+ MPCs from young mice both in culture and in vivo. Id3 and Cdc20 were direct target genes of Pax7 and Pax3/7BP involved in the proliferation of Pax7+ MPCs. Collectively, our work establishes Pax3/7BP as an essential adaptor linking Pax3/7 with the H3K4 HMT to regulate the proliferation of MPCs.