H<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>2</Subscript> regulates root system architecture by modulating the polar transport and redistribution of auxin

The accumulation and redistribution of the plant hormone auxin plays a crucial role in root development and patterning. Plants can alter their root system architecture (RSA) to adapt to different biotic and abiotic stresses. In addition, reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as H₂O₂, are known to increase in plants undergoing stress. Here, we present evidence that H₂O₂ can regulate auxin accumulation and redistribution through modulating polar auxin transport, leading to changes in RSA. Plants exposed to different concentrations of H₂O₂ formed a highly branched root system with abundant lateral roots and a shorter primary root. Monitoring of the auxin responsive DR5::GUS indicated that auxin accumulation decreased in lateral root primordia (LRP) and emerging lateral root tips. In addition, polar auxin transport, including both basipetal and acropetal transport modulated by AUX1 and PIN protein carriers, was involved in the process. Taken together, our results suggest that H₂O₂ could regulate plastic RSA by perturbing polar auxin transport as a means of modulating the accumulation and distribution of auxin.     

Influence of Butyrate Loaded Clinoptilolite Dietary Supplementation on Growth Performance,Development of Intestine and Antioxidant Capacity in Broiler Chickens

The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary butyrate loaded clinoptilolite (CLI-B) on growth performance, pancreatic digestive enzymes, intestinal development and histomorphology, as well as antioxidant capacity of serum and intestinal mucosal in chickens. Two hundred forty 1-day-old commercial Arbor Acres broilers were randomly assigned to 4 groups: CON group (fed basal diets), SB group (fed basal diet with 0.05% sodium butyrate), CLI group (fed basal diet with 1% clinoptilolite), and CLI-B group (fed basal diet with 1% CLI-B). The results showed that supplementation of CLI-B significantly decreased (P < 0.05) feed conservation ratio at both 21 and 42 days of age, improved the pancreatic digestive enzymes activities (P < 0.05), increased the villus length and villus/crypt ratio (P < 0.05), and decreased the crypt depth of intestine (P < 0.05) as compared to the other experimental groups. Furthermore, the CLI-B environment improved the antioxidant capacity by increasing the antioxidant enzyme activities (P < 0.05) in intestine mucosal, and decreasing the NO content and iNOS activity (P < 0.05) in serum. In addition, CLI-B supplementation had improved the development of intestine and antioxidant capacity of broilers than supplementation with either clinoptilolite or butyrate sodium alone. In conclusion, 1% CLI-B supplementation improved the health status, intestine development and antioxidant capacity in broiler chickens, thus appearing as an important feed additive for the poultry industry.     

高效体积排阻色谱法定量检测口蹄疫疫苗中146S的疫苗预处理方法

旨在建立一种口蹄疫灭活病毒疫苗的处理方法,去除尺寸排阻色谱法(HPSEC)检测146S抗原过程中的杂质干扰,获得最佳的检测信号并实现146S抗原含量的准确测定。分别考察了超速离心法、PEG沉淀法、核酸酶消化法对两批疫苗样品中的HPSEC检测干扰杂质的去除效果。在优化条件下,超速离心法处理后146S检测结果分别为7.1、7.6μg/mL,PEG沉淀法为9.7、10.4μg/mL;酶消化法处理后的检测值最高,分别为10.5、10.4μg/mL,且杂质去除完全、处理速度快、操作条件温和。通过响应面法确定最优酶消化处理条件如下:200μL水相中添加终浓度421 U/mL的Benzonase,25.1℃下反应1.29 h。在该最优条件下,对4家企业各3种不同血清型共12批疫苗样品进行146S含量检测,结果表明建立的方法对不同疫苗均有良好适用性,且重复性好(RSD5.3%,n=3)。通过该处理方法,解决了杂质对146S定量检测的干扰,扩大了HPSEC检测技术的应用范围,进一步确保了检测结果的准确可靠。     

Synthesis and cytotoxic analysis of some disodium 3β,6β-dihydroxysterol disulfates

Disodium 3β,6β-dihydroxy-5α-cholestane disulfate (1) was synthesized in 4 steps with a high overall yield from cholesterol. First, cholesterol (4a) was converted to cholest-4-en-3,6-dione (5a) via oxidation with pyridinium chlorochromate (PCC) and then 5a was reduced by NaBH₄ in the presence of NiCl₂ to produce cholest-3β,6β-diol (6a). The reaction of 6a with the triethylamine-sulfur trioxide complex generated diammonium 3β,6β-dihydroxy-5α-cholestane disulfate (7a) and the treatment of 7a by cation exchange resin 732 (sodium form)(Na⁺) yielded the target steroid 1. Disodium 24-ethyl-3β,6β-dihydroxycholest-22-ene disulfate (2) and disodium 24-ethyl-3β,6β-dihydroxycholestane disulfate (3) were synthesized using a similar method. The cytotoxicity of these compounds against Sk-Hep-1 (human liver carcinoma cell line), H-292 (human lung carcinoma cell line), PC-3 (human prostate carcinoma cell line) and Hey-1B (human ovarian carcinoma cell line) cells was investigated. Our results indicate that presence of a cholesterol-type side chain at position 17 is necessary for their biological activity.