Genetic associations with coronary heart disease: Meta-analyses of 12 candidate genetic variants

Aims

The aim of this study was to evaluate the combined contribution of 12 genetic variants to the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD).

Methods

Through a comprehensive literature search for genetic variants involved in the CHD association study, we harvested a total of 10 genes (12 variants) for the current meta-analyses. These genes consisted of GPX1 (rs1050450), PPARD (rs2016520), ALOX15 (rs34210653), SELPLG (rs2228315), FCGR2A (rs1801274), CCL5 (rs2107538), CYP1A1 (rs4646903), TP53 (rs1042522), CX37 (rs1764391), and PECAM1 (rs668, rs12953, and rs1131012).

Results

A total of 45 studies among 23,314 cases and 28,430 controls were retrieved for the meta-analyses of 12 genetic variants. The results showed a significant association between the GPX1 rs1050450 polymorphism and CHD (odd ratio (OR) = 1.61, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.25–2.07, P = 0.0002). Other meta-analyses of the rest 11 variants suggested a lack of association with the risk of CHD.

Conclusion

Our results confirmed that GPX1 rs1050450 was associated with susceptibility to CHD in Chinese and Indian populations.     

甘肃尕海硅藻初报

报道了2011年8月及2012年10月采自甘肃尕海的硅藻植物共84个分类单位,包括32属75种9变种,其中4种为中国新记录：Gomphonema laticollum E．Reichardt、Navicula antonii Lange—Bertalot、Navicula seibigiana Lange—Bertalot、Stauroneis reichardii Lange—Bertalot。对尕海硅藻的种类组成、生态特征进行了讨论。     

新疆棉田土壤质量综合评价方法

以新疆主要棉区为研究对象,测定了哈密、博乐、昌吉、奎屯、石河子、阿克苏及喀什棉田土壤耕层的pH、盐分、有机质、全氮、速效磷、速效钾及Cr、Cu、Zn、As、Pb 共计11个指标,综合分析土壤理化性质和重金属含量,采用土壤质量综合指数(SQI)对新疆主要棉区棉田土壤质量进行综合评价.结果表明: 新疆棉区棉田土壤呈碱性,pH均值为7.87,盐分含量均值为3.44 g·kg^-1,为轻度盐化土壤,有机质和全氮含量均偏低,速效磷、速效钾含量较为丰富,与第二次全国土壤普查数据相比,土壤pH、盐分含量、有机质和全氮均呈下降趋势,土壤速效磷明显增长,部分地区土壤速效钾呈现出不同程度的升高趋势;Cr、Cu、Zn、As、Pb 5种重金属含量分别为45.88、40.66、68.30、12.88、16.68 mg·kg^-1,均未超过国家二级标准,但与新疆土壤元素背景值相比,Cu、Zn、As均有累积现象.当重金属内梅罗综合污染指数(PN)小于0.5时,土壤理化性质越好,土壤综合质量越好.土壤有机质、全氮、Cu、Zn和As是影响新疆棉区棉田土壤质量的重要因素.新疆棉区棉田土壤质量总体属于中等水平,昌吉、奎屯质量最高,SQI为0.52,阿克苏质量最低,SQI为0.31,不同棉区土壤质量呈现为:北疆>东疆>南疆.     

Reactive oxygen species signaling and stomatal movement in plant responses to drought stress and pathogen attack

Stomata, the pores formed by a pair of guard cells, are the main gateways for water transpiration and photosynthetic CO_2 exchange, as well as pathogen invasion in land plants. Guard cell movement is regulated by a combination of environmental factors, including water status, light, CO_2 levels and pathogen attack, as well as endogenous signals, such as abscisic acid and apoplastic reactive oxygen species(ROS). Under abiotic and bioticstress conditions, extracellular ROS are mainly produced by plasma membrane-localized NADPH oxidases, whereas intracellular ROS are produced in multiple organelles. These ROS form a sophisticated cellular signaling network, with the accumulation of apoplastic ROS an early hallmark of stomatal movement. Here, we review recent progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms of the ROS signaling network,primarily during drought stress and pathogen attack. We summarize the roles of apoplastic ROS in regulating stomatal movement, ABA and CO_2 signaling, and immunity responses.Finally, we discuss ROS accumulation and communication between organelles and cells. This information provides a conceptual framework for understanding how ROS signaling is integrated with various signaling pathways during plant responses to abiotic and biotic stress stimuli.     

基于公共数据库信息对中国野生香菇种质资源地理分布的再分析

本文基于野生香菇资源的文献以及公共数据库中的序列信息,调查了香菇在我国以及世界范围内的地理分布,同时利用ITS序列进行了遗传多样性分析。结果显示香菇在我国的21个省市有分布,其中对云南、四川和湖北等省香菇资源的研究最为密集。不同菌株的聚类与地域来源有一定的相关性,进一步通过多样性分析显示我国野生香菇的多样性中心分布于西北和西南地区。本文有助于指导我们进行香菇野生资源的调查,进一步挖掘香菇种质资源的多样性。     

红松半同胞家系遗传变异分析及果材兼用优良家系选择

以临江林业局闹枝林场内48个红松半同胞家系为材料,连续3年对其生长性状进行测定分析。方差分析结果表明不同家系间各性状差异均达极显著水平（P<0.01）;家系间各指标表型变异系数变化范围为2.74%~51.39%;半同胞家系间各性状遗传力均超过0.97;48个半同胞家系树高、胸径和单株球果数量的一般配合力变化范围为（-1.82~1.70）、（-7.91~9.99）和（-14.85~15.15）;不同树龄树高间、胸径间的相关系数达极显著水平（0.993 < r < 0.999,0.995 < r < 0.998）;分别利用生长性状和结实性状对家系进行综合评价,以10%的入选率,初步选出5个生长性状优良的家系,入选家系树高和胸径平均值分别为8.02 m和21.95 cm,遗传增益分别为7.63%和46.29%。初步选出5个结实性状优良的家系,球果数量和千粒重平均值分别为30.26个和736.20 g,遗传增益分别为86.49%和1.46%。本研究中评价选出的优良家系可为红松良种登记提供材料,选择方法为其它果材兼用树种良种选育提供理论基础。     

秸秆和地膜覆盖对渭北旱作玉米农田土壤氮组分与产量的影响

基于田间定位试验,研究了秸秆和地膜覆盖措施对旱作春玉米田土壤氮组分和作物产量的影响。试验包括无覆盖对照,秸秆覆盖和地膜覆盖3个处理,观测指标包括土壤全氮(STN)、颗粒有机氮(PON)、潜在可矿化氮(PNM)、微生物量氮(MBN)、硝态氮(NO_3~--N)、铵态氮(NH_4~+-N)含量及作物产量。结果表明:试验进行5到7年后,与对照相比,秸秆覆盖处理0—10 cm土层STN、PON、PNM、MBN和NO_3~--N含量3年平均分别提高了13.11%、64.29%、17.51%、16.94%和55.37%,10—20 cm土层STN、PON、MBN和NO_3~--N含量3年平均分别提高了5.93%、33.33%、15.78%和27.57%(P0.05)。而地膜覆盖处理0—10 cm和10—20 cm土层NO_3~--N的含量较对照分别提高了189.14%和135.75%(P0.05),其他氮组分与对照处理差异不显著。秸秆和地膜覆盖处理玉米产量较对照处理3年平均分别提高了6.90%和36.74%(P0.05)。玉米产量与0—20 cm土层NO_3~--N含量和NO_3~--N/STN值呈显著正相关关系。总的来看,秸秆覆盖能显著增加旱地土壤全氮和活性有机氮含量,促进氮素固定,但需注意作物生长后期补充氮肥以满足作物生长需要。而地膜覆盖能显著提高土壤氮素有效性和作物产量,但不利于土壤有机氮的固定,且表层土壤存在潜在氮淋失风险。     

SARS及其病原体研究进展

严重急性呼吸道综合症(SARS)的病原体己被认定为一种新的冠状病毒-SARS冠状病毒。关于SARS冠状病毒的基因组和蛋白组研究也已取得重要进展,这为探索SARS病毒的来源与进化、研制SARS诊断试剂、开发SARS疫苗和治疗药物奠定了坚实基础。本文对严重急性呼吸道综合症病原学研究取得的一些进展进行了综述。     

增铵营养对小麦光合作用及硝酸还原酶和谷氨酰胺合成酶的影响

采用水培试验研究不同形态氮营养(NH4^+／NO3^-分别为0／100、50／50和100／0)对小麦光合作用及氮代谢关键酶活性的影响．结果表明,增铵营养较单—NO₃^-营养显著提高叶片叶绿素含量、净光合速率及可溶性糖含量,叶、根中可溶性蛋白质含量和叶片硝酸还原酶活性。而对谷铵酰胺合成酶活性影响较小．与单—NO₃^-营养相比。增氨营养下叶片较高的可溶性糖含量与净光合速率的提高相关。而维持较高的叶片和根系可溶性糖／可溶性蛋白质比例有利于氮同化和生长．因此,增铵营养下提高了叶片净光合速率、可溶性糖含量和硝酸还原酶活性。维持较高叶片和根系可溶性糖／蛋白质比例。从而促进小麦生长．     

Clinical utility of tumor genomic profiling in patients with high plasma circulating tumor DNA burden or metabolically active tumors

Background

This retrospective study was undertaken to determine if the plasma circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) level and tumor biological features in patients with advanced solid tumors affected the detection of genomic alterations (GAs) by a plasma ctDNA assay.

Method

Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) extracted from frozen plasma (N?=?35) or fresh whole blood (N?=?90) samples were subjected to a 62-gene hybrid capture-based next-generation sequencing assay FoundationACT. Concordance was analyzed for 51 matched FoundationACT and FoundationOne (tissue) cases. The maximum somatic allele frequency (MSAF) was used to estimate the amount of tumor fraction of cfDNA in each sample. The detection of GAs was correlated with the amount of cfDNA, MSAF, total tumor anatomic burden (dimensional sum), and total tumor metabolic burden (SUVmax sum) of the largest ten tumor lesions on PET/CT scans.

Results

FoundationACT detected GAs in 69 of 81 (85%) cases with MSAF >?0. Forty-two of 51 (82%) cases had ≥?1 concordance GAs matched with FoundationOne, and 22 (52%) matched to the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN)-recommended molecular targets. FoundationACT also detected 8 unique molecular targets, which changed the therapy in 7 (88%) patients who did not have tumor rebiopsy or sufficient tumor DNA for genomic profiling assay. In all samples (N?=?81), GAs were detected in plasma cfDNA from cancer patients with high MSAF quantity (P?=?0.0006) or high tumor metabolic burden (P?=?0.0006) regardless of cfDNA quantity (P?=?0.2362).

Conclusion

This study supports the utility of using plasma-based genomic assays in cancer patients with high plasma MSAF level or high tumor metabolic burden.