内生真菌Colletotrichum sp. B501的寡糖提取物对黄花蒿发根中青蒿素生物合成的诱导

在黄花蒿(Artemisia annua L.)发根液体培养中,黄花蒿内生炭疽菌(Colletotrichum sp. B501)细胞壁寡糖提取物可促进发根青蒿素的合成.经寡糖诱导子(20 mg/L)处理4 d后,发根青蒿素含量达1.15 mg/g, 比对照高出64.29%.诱导作用与诱导子浓度、作用时间相关.诱导处理1 d后,X射线能谱分析表明黄花蒿发根细胞中Ca2+积累量显著增高,电镜观察发现液泡内出现高电子致密物,具活性氧清除作用的过氧化物酶表现出高活性(6.5 unit*min-1*g-1 FW).诱导处理第三天,细胞核DNA呈梯度条带降解,部分细胞出现程序化死亡.内生菌细胞壁寡糖提取物引起的生理反应有利于细胞中青蒿素的生物合成.     

CDK5-Mediated Phosphorylation-Dependent Ubiquitination and Degradation of E3 Ubiquitin Ligases GP78 Accelerates Neuronal Death in Parkinson’s Disease

The molecular mechanisms responsible for the loss of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson’s disease (PD) remain obscure. Loss of function of E3 ubiquitin ligases is associated with mitochondria dysfunction, dysfunction of protein degradation, and α-synuclein aggregation, which are major contributors to neurodegeneration in PD. Recent research has thus focused on E3 ubiquitin ligase glycoprotein 78 (GP78); however, the role of GP78 in PD pathogenesis remains unclear. Notably, cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) controls multiple cellular events in postmitotic neurons, and CDK5 activity has been implicated in the pathogenesis of PD. Thus, we addressed the relationship between CDK5 and GP78 in MPTP-based PD models. We found that GP78 expression is decreased in MPTP-based cellular and animal PD models, and CDK5 directly phosphorylated GP78 at Ser516, which promoted the ubiquitination and degradation of GP78. Importantly, overexpression of GP78 or interference of GP78 Ser516 phosphorylation protected neurons against MPP⁺-induced cell death. Thus, our research reveals that the CDK5-GP78 pathway is involved in the pathogenesis of PD and could be a novel candidate drug target for the treatment of PD.     

转基因受体酵母菌的低能氩离子注入研究

通过不同剂量的低能Ar 注入酿酒酵母Ke-y,筛选出了一种较好的菌体保护液,获得了一系列Ar 注入参数。在该研究体系内,Ar 最佳注入剂量分别为9 0×1015 ions/cm2 或13 5×1015 ions/cm2(适于IBB Device 1 型离子注入机)和1 0×1016ions/cm2 或1 4×1016 ions/cm2(适于LZD1000型离子注入机),为离子束介导外源基因组DNA在酵母菌Ke-y中的遗传转化奠定了基础。     

文昌鱼profilin同源基因的胚胎发育表达图式

本研究利用胚胎整体原位杂交技术结合系列组织学切片技术,以及Northern blot 分析,对进化上处于特殊地位的模式动物文昌鱼profilin 基因不同发育时期的表达图式进行了系统研究,揭示了该基因的动态表达图式与肌肉分化的过程一致,文昌鱼profilin 基因可能与胚胎早期肌肉的发育相关。同时,通过Southern blot 检测对青岛文昌鱼profilin 基因可能存在的同源体进行了探讨,试图为弄清文昌鱼肌肉发育分化的分子机制提供资料。     

山西蟒河自然保护区栓皮栎林的聚类和排序

本文用等级聚类、极点排序、主成分分析和对应分析等多元分析法, 对蟒河自然保护区的栓皮标(Quercus variabilis)林进与于了聚类和排序。等级聚类法将蟒河自然保护区的栓皮栎林划分为五个群丛, 极点排序、主成分分析和对应分析三种方法得出一致的结论, 并较好地反映了环境变化的梯度及植被变化的连续性。综合分析表明栓皮栎林是保护区内稳定的群落类型。     

Cofactor and CO2 donor regulation involved in reductive routes for polymalic acid production by Aureobasidium pullulans CCTCC M2012223

Polymalic acid (PMA) is a water-soluble polyester with many attractive properties for biomedical application. Its monomer l-malic acid is widely used in the food industry and also a potential C4 platform chemical. Cofactor and CO₂ donor involved in the reductive routes were investigated for PMA production by Aureobasidium pullulans. Biotin as the key cofactor of pyruvate carboxylase was favor for the PMA biosynthesis. Na₂CO₃ as CO₂ donor can obviously improved PMA titer when compared with no CO₂ supplier NaOH, and also exhibit more advantages than the other donor CaCO₃ because of its water-soluble characteristic. A combinational process with addition of biotin 70 mg/L and Na₂CO₃ as the CO₂ donor was scaled-up in 50 L fermentor, achieving the high product 34.3 g/L of PMA and productivity of 0.41 g/L h. This process provides an efficient and economical way for PMA and malic acid production, and is promising for industrial application.     

哺乳动物DNA甲基化修饰的动态调控机制

DNA甲基化是最主要的表观遗传修饰之一,主要发生在胞嘧啶第五位碳原子上,称为5-甲基胞嘧啶。哺乳动物DNA甲基化由从头DNA甲基转移酶DNMT3A/3B在胚胎发育早期建立。细胞分裂过程中甲基化模式的维持由DNA甲基转移酶DNMT1实现。TET家族蛋白氧化5-甲基胞嘧啶成为5-羟甲基胞嘧啶、5-醛基胞嘧啶和5-羧基胞嘧啶,从而起始DNA的去甲基化过程。这些DNA甲基化修饰酶精确调节DNA甲基化的动态过程,在整个生命发育过程中发挥重要作用,其失调也与多种疾病发生密切相关。本文对近年来DNA甲基化修饰酶的结构与功能研究进行讨论。     

MicroRNA-7 arrests cell cycle in G1 phase by directly targeting CCNE1 in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells

Growing evidence has demonstrated that the aberrant expression of miRNA is a hallmark of malignancies, indicating the important roles of miRNA in the development and progression of cancer. MiR-7 is considered as a tumor suppressor miRNA in multiple types of cancer. However, the role of miR-7 in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its underlying mechanism remain elusive. In this study, we found that overexpression of miR-7 arrested cell cycle at G1 to S transition in HCC. By combinational use of bioinformatic prediction, reporter assay, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blot, we confirmed that CCNE1, an important mediator in G1/S transition is one of new direct target genes of miR-7. Further studies revealed that silencing of CCNE1 recapitulated the effects of miR-7 overexpression, whereas enforced expression of CCNE1 reversed the suppressive effects of miR-7 in cell cycle regulation. Finally, analysis of qRT-PCR showed a reciprocal relationship between miR-7 and CCNE1 in clinical cancer tissues and multiple types of tumor cell lines. These findings indicate that miR-7 exerts tumor-suppressive effects in hepatocarcinogenesis through the suppression of oncogene CCNE1 expression and suggest a therapeutic application of miR-7 in HCC.     

动态检测血管紧张素Ⅱ刺激后STAT3信号核转位及其与衰老的关系

为了动态观察复制性衰老细胞中血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)激活人信号转导与转录活化因子3(hSTAT3)信号转导途径的核转位情况及该途径在细胞衰老过程中的变化。将载体pMS1-hSTAT3上的目的基因STAT3序列亚克隆到pEGFP-C3报告载体中,构建出pEGFP-hSTAT3质粒选择人胚肺二倍体成纤维细胞WI-38细胞株进行细胞培养,通过脂质体(Effectene)转染的方法,将pEGFP-STAT3质粒分别转染至19代,42代WI-38细胞中;在激光共聚焦显微镜下动态观察血管紧张素Ⅱ激活STAT3的核转位的变化及不同代数的差别．结果显示AngⅡ刺激细胞后,出现活化的STAT3在胞核内聚集现象,并且在19代细胞中15分钟开始出现,30—45分钟左右时达到高峰;42代细胞中30分钟左右开始出现,50—60分钟左右达到高峰。因此我们认为AngⅡ刺激WI-38细胞,能出现hSTAT3信号转导的核内集聚现象;并且随着WI-38细胞传代数的增加,STAT3信号转导入核时间延迟。说明随着细胞的复制性衰老,通过STAT3通路转导的信号活性逐渐降低,最终影响细胞的增殖,可能是促进细胞衰老的原因之一。     

腺苷及其受体阻断剂对蟾蜍离体心脏功能的影响

实验采用离体心脏灌流方法,观察了腺苷,腺苷受体特异性阻断ＤＰＣＰＸ以及非特异性腺苷受体阻断剂茶碱对两栖类动物蟾蜍的离体心脏力和心率的影响。结果显示,腺苷对心脏收缩力和心率有明显的剂量依赖性抑制作用。单纯的ＤＰＣＰＸ或茶碱对心肌收缩力和心率无显著影响,但在含腺苷的灌流液中加入ＤＰＣＰＸ或茶碱后,对腺苷有明显的拮抗效应。