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351.
本研究以兔为实验材料,对细胞核移植过程中显微操作、电融合、电活化以及移核胚的培养等基本问题进行了研究。对兔进行PMSGhCG超数排卵,收集成熟卵母细胞和16细胞胚;后者经胰蛋白酶消化,去除胶膜和透明带,在不含Ca2+、Mg2+的分离液中分成单个卵裂球;然后,分别对两者做CB预处理;首次尝试采用Wiladsen法,去除卵母细胞核、并将单个卵裂球注入透明带,同时、与McGrathSolter法进行比较;通过电融合使供体核进入去核的卵母细胞内;将所得移核胚在体外或在中间受体内培养并观察。结果表明:一、Wiladsen法与McGrathSolter法比较,核移植操作的成功率及以后的电融合率均无明显差异(Tab.1)。相对于后者,Wiladsen法更简便、易于掌握并提高去核率。二、hCG超排注射后13~15h,观察卵母细胞发现:其中,678%保留有第一极体。此时的卵子若去除1/3胞质量,去核率可以达到583%。若推迟去核时间,笫一极体退化,失去去核标志。三、比较不同电脉冲条件,发现强度为063kv/cm,持续160μs的一次电脉冲可获较高移核胚的融合率(70.8%)(Tab.2);并可使611%的成熟 相似文献
352.
arg-13为精氨酸代谢途径里的一个渗露型突变。经研究发展了该突变的严格选择方法。该法省略了基本培养基的氮源而加上相似浓度的鸟氨酸与赖氨酸。此法在严紧山梨糖/葡萄糖条件下能强烈抑制arg-13突变株生长,但在斑点试验条件下允许arg-13突变株生长。由于鸟氨酸是通过线粒体合成和由细胞质至线粒体的过膜转运而积累,我们构建了arg-4,arg-13双突变株,其中arg-4阻断了线粒体鸟氨酸合成。在斑点试验条件下,arg-4,arg-13双突变株能利用鸟氨酸作为唯一氮源与精氨酸合成前体,但受赖氨酸与刀豆氨酸强烈抑制。具正常鸟氨酸转运功能的arg-4单突变株在鸟氨酸基本培养基的生长只受微弱的赖氨酸抑制。已有报道arg-13为嘧啶合成代谢途径里pyr-3(CPSACT~ )突变的部分抑制基因,序列分析表明arg-13编码一线粒体转运酶。本文数据提示arg-13在线粒体鸟氨酸过膜转运过程中起主要作用。arg-13突变株仍携带一定的线粒体鸟氨酸转运功能并受碱性氨基酸赖氨酸、刀豆氨酸抑制,可能为另一线粒体碱性氨基酸转运酶介导。 相似文献
353.
Prapapan Teerawanichpan Albert J. Robertson Xiao Qiu 《Insect biochemistry and molecular biology》2010,40(9):641-649
Honey bees (Apis mellifera) are social insects which have remarkable complexity in communication pheromones. These chemical signals comprise a mixture of hydrocarbons, wax esters, fatty acids, aldehydes and alcohols. In this study, we detected several long chain aliphatic alcohols ranging from C18-C32 in honey bees and the level of these alcohols varied in each body segment. C18:0Alc and C20:0Alc are more pronounced in the head, whereas C22:0Alc to C32Alc are abundant in the abdomen. One of the cDNAs coding for a fatty acyl-CoA reductase (AmFAR1) involved in the synthesis of fatty alcohols was isolated and characterized. AmFAR1 was ubiquitously expressed in all body segments with the predominance in the head of honey bees. Heterologous expression of AmFAR1 in yeast revealed that AmFAR1 could convert a wide range of fatty acids (14:0–22:0) to their corresponding alcohols, with stearic acid 18:0 as the most preferred substrate. The substrate preference and the expression pattern of AmFAR1 were correlated with the level of total fatty alcohols in bees. Reconstitution of the wax biosynthetic pathway by heterologous expression of AmFAR1, together with Euglena wax synthase led to the high level production of medium to long chain wax monoesters in yeast. 相似文献
354.
Two new labdane‐type diterpenes (adenanthic acids A and B; 1 and 2 , resp.) and three new labdane diterpene glycosides (adenanthosides A–C; 3 – 5 , resp.) were isolated from the roots of Isodon adenantha, together with 23 known constituents including seven diterpenoids ( 6 – 12 ), eight triterpenoids ( 13 – 20 ), one lignan glycoside ( 21 ), six steroids ( 22 – 27 ), and one ceramide ( 28 ). Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including extensive 2D‐NMR techniques. Cytotoxicity and antibacterial activities of the samples were measured by the MTT method and the filter paper disc agar diffusion method. But none of them showed significant activities. 相似文献
355.
Triterpenoids and Flavonoids from the Leaves of Astragalus membranaceus and Their Inhibitory Effects on Nitric Oxide Production
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Zhi‐Bin Wang Ya‐Dong Zhai Zhen‐Ping Ma Chun‐Juan Yang Rong Pan Jia‐Li Yu Qiu‐Hong Wang Bing‐You Yang Hai‐Xue Kuang 《化学与生物多样性》2015,12(10):1575-1584
Four new cycloartane triterpenes, named huangqiyegenins V and VI and huangqiyenins K and L ( 1 – 4 , resp.), together with nine known triterpenoids, 5 – 13 , and eight flavonoids, 14 – 21 , were isolated from a 70%‐EtOH extract of Astragalus membranaceus leaves. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by detailed spectroscopic analyses, and the compounds were identified as (9β,11α,16β,20R,24S)‐11,16,25‐trihydroxy‐20,24‐epoxy‐9,19‐cyclolanostane‐3,6‐dione ( 1 ), (9β,16β,24S)‐16,24,25‐trihydroxy‐9,19‐cyclolanostane‐3,6‐dione ( 2 ), (3β,6α,9β,16β,20R,24R)‐16,25‐dihydroxy‐3‐(β‐D ‐xylopyranosyloxy)‐20,24‐epoxy‐9,19‐cyclolanostan‐6‐yl acetate ( 3 ), and (3β,6α,9β,16β,24E)‐26‐(β‐D ‐glucopyranosyloxy)‐16‐hydroxy‐3‐(β‐D ‐xylopyranosyloxy)‐9,19‐cyclolanost‐24‐en‐6‐yl acetate ( 4 ). All isolated compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory activities against LPS‐induced NO production in RAW264.7 macrophage cells. Compounds 1 – 3, 14, 15 , and 18 exhibited strong inhibition on LPS‐induced NO release by macrophages with IC50 values of 14.4–27.1 μM . 相似文献
356.
Lithium Batteries: Highly Nitridated Graphene–Li2S Cathodes with Stable Modulated Cycles (Adv. Energy Mater. 23/2015)
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357.
Supercapacitors: A Layered‐Nanospace‐Confinement Strategy for the Synthesis of Two‐Dimensional Porous Carbon Nanosheets for High‐Rate Performance Supercapacitors (Adv. Energy Mater. 7/2015)
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358.
Neuroinflammation has been reported to be associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis. Neuroinflammation is generally considered as an outcome of glial activation; however, we recently demonstrated that T helper (Th)17 cells, a subpopulation of proinflammatory CD4+ T cells, are also involved in AD pathogenesis. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, a cytokine that can be expressed in the brain, can be immunosuppressive, but its effects on lymphocyte-mediated neuroinflammation in AD pathogenesis have not been well addressed. In the current study we administered TGF-β1 via intracerebroventricle (ICV) and intranasal (IN) routes in AD model rats to investigate its antiinflammatory and neuroprotective effects. The AD rat model was prepared by bilateral hippocampal injection of amyloid-β (Aβ)1–42. TGF-β1 was administered via ICV one hour prior to Aβ1–42 injection or via both nares seven days after Aβ1–42 injection. ICV administration of TGF-β1 before Aβ1–42 injection remarkably ameliorated Aβ1–42-induced neurodegeneration and prevented Aβ1–42-induced increases in glia-derived proinflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-1β and iNOS), as well as T cell-derived proinflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-17 and IL-22), in the hypothalamus, serum or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in a concentration-dependent manner. TGF-β1 pretreatment also prevented Aβ1–42-induced decreases in the neurotrophic factors, IGF-1, GDNF and BDNF, and in the antiinflammatory cytokine, IL-10. Similarly, IN administration of TGF-β1 after Aβ1–42 injection reduced neurodegeneration, elevation of proinflammatory mediators and cytokines, and reduction of neurotrophic and antiinflammatory factors, in the hypothalamus, serum or CSF. These findings suggest that TGF-β1 suppresses glial and T cell-mediated neuroinflammation and thereby alleviates AD-related neurodegeneration. The effectiveness of IN administered TGF-β1 in reducing Aβ1–42 neurotoxicity suggests a possible therapeutic approach in patients with AD. 相似文献
359.
Zhong-Jia Ding Xin Chen Xiao-Xu Tang Xi Wang Yong-Li Song Xiao-Dong Chen Wen-Juan Mi Jian Wang Ying Lin Fu-Quan Chen Jian-Hua Qiu 《PloS one》2015,10(4)