山东省假性肥大型肌营养不良的RFLP分析 Ⅰ．可疑携带者的基因型确定

本文选用10个DMD基因内部和桥探针,对山东省9个地区的21个DMD／BMD家系的173名成员进行RFLP分析,其中可疑携带者55人,多数家系应用1－3个探针,有基因重组家庭选用4－5个探针,便可完成多态分析,RFLP分析可以确定85．45％的可疑携带者（≥95％可信限）,即13人确定为携带者,30人排除携带者,另有4人风险大幅提高,通过这些探针的群体多态检测和不同家庭结构和类型的应用分析,我们提出了在中国人群中DMD／SMD基因诊断的基本程序。     

近年来我国中草药甙类成分合成研究

本文综述近年来我国中草药化学成分甙类和甙元及其衍生物和类似物的合成研究。     

Acid-catalyzed stereoselective heteronucleophilic substitution and racemization of 3-O-methyloxazepam and 3-O-ethyloxazepam

Enantiomers of 3-O-methyloxazepam (MeOX) and 3-O-ethyloxazepam (EtOX) were resolved by chiral stationary phase high-performance liquid chromatography (CSP-HPLC). Reaction kinetics and deuterium isotope effects of acid-catalyzed racemization of enantiomeric MeOX in ethanol and enantiomeric EtOX in methanol were studied by spectropolarimetry. The acid-catalyzed heteronucleophilic substitution reactions of racemic MeOX in ethanol and racemic EtOX in methanol were studied by reversed-phase HPLC. Thermodynamic parameters involved in the reactions were obtained by temperature-dependent reaction rates. The effects of solvent's dielectric constant on the heteronucleophilic substitution reactions were also determined. A nucleophilically solvated and transient C3 carbocation intermediate resulting from an N4-protonated enantiomer, derived from a 1,4-benzodiazcpine either in M (minus) or P (plus) conformation, is proposed to be an intermediate and responsible for the acid-catalyzed stereoselective nucleophilic substitution and the resulting racemization. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

The determination of low-molecular-mass thiols with 4-(hydroxymercuric)benzoic acid as a tag using HPLC coupled online with UV/HCOOH-induced cold vapor generation AFS

An alternative analytical method was established for simultaneous determination of main urinary low-molecular-mass (LMM) thiols including cysteine (Cys), cysteinylglycine (Cys–Gly), homocysteine (HCys), γ-glutamyl cysteine (γ-Glu–Cys) and glutathione (GSH) as well as N-acetylcysteine (NAC) using RPLC coupled on line with UV/HCOOH-induced cold vapor generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry (UV/HCOOH–CVG–AFS) with 4-(hydroxymercuric)benzoic acid (PHMB) as a tag. The LMM thiols were stabilized and labeled by PHMB allowing the determination of reduced form thiols (R-thiols) and total thiols (T-thiols) without and with Tris-(2-carboxyethyl)-phosphine reduction. UV/HCOOH-induced Hg cold vapor generation was used instead of K₂SO₈–KBH₄/NaOH–HCl and/or KBrO₃/KBr–KBH₄/NaOH–HCl systems as an effective interface between RPLC and CVG–AFS. The limits of detection (3σ) of RPLC–(UV/HCOOH)–CVG–AFS with PHMB labeling for Cys, HCys, Cys–Gly, γ-Glu–Cys and GSH as well as NAC were 4.6, 5.9, 5.9, 8.1, 7.3 and 5.9 nM with the RSD of 4.4, 5.1, 3.6, 7.5 4.2 and 3.7% (n = 6 at 2 μM), respectively, satisfying the simultaneous determination of the main urinary LMM thiols. This developed method was applied successfully to determine the LMM R-thiols and T-thiols in 10 urine samples contributed by 10 healthy volunteers.     

Epidemiology and vector efficiency during a dengue fever outbreak in Cixi,Zhejiang Province,China

An emigrant worker returning from Southeast Asia triggered the outbreak of a DF epidemic in Zhejiang province, China, in October, 2004. Eighty‐three cases, mainly young and middle‐aged people between 20 and 50 (78.3%), were reported in the area of Cixi. There were no obvious occupational patterns. The majority of cases were female, with a sex ratio of 1:1.86 (m:f). The dengue virus (DENV) strains from the epidemic area were isolated and identified as DENV‐1, which belongs to Asian strain 1. According to the epidemiological investigation, the incidence of DF had no relationship to temperature, humidity, or precipitation, and the Breteau index of larvae showed a clear relationship only with the House Index and Container Index. Recent dengue problems in the town have been associated with the complex social factors and hygienic conditions for endemic villagers and immigrant workers. Some hygienic measures should be taken by the local government to reduce the risk of mosquito‐borne disease. These measures should aim to eliminate the breeding sites of the vector Aedes albopictus in indoor and outdoor containers filled with rainwater and thus reducing the risk of DF transmission.     

SUMO2 is essential while SUMO3 is dispensable for mouse embryonic development

Small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO1–3) conjugation plays a critical role in embryogenesis. Embryos deficient in the SUMO-conjugating enzyme Ubc9 die at the early postimplantation stage. Sumo1^−/− mice are viable, as SUMO2/3 can compensate for most SUMO1 functions. To uncover the role of SUMO2/3 in embryogenesis, we generated Sumo2- and Sumo3-null mutant mice. Here, we report that Sumo3^−/− mice were viable, while Sumo2^−/− embryos exhibited severe developmental delay and died at approximately embryonic day 10.5 (E10.5). We also provide evidence that SUMO2 is the predominantly expressed SUMO isoform. Furthermore, although Sumo2^+/− and Sumo2^+/−;Sumo3^+/− mice lacked any overt phenotype, only 2 Sumo2^+/−;Sumo3^−/− mice were found at birth in 35 litters after crossing Sumo2^+/−;Sumo3^+/− with Sumo3^−/− mice, and these rare mice were considerably smaller than littermates of the other genotypes. Thus, our findings suggest that expression levels and not functional differences between SUMO2 and SUMO3 are critical for normal embryogenesis.