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121.
Zhao Rongrui Wang Wenze Wu Bowei Hoebeke Johan Hjalmarson Åke Fu Michael L. X. 《Molecular and cellular biochemistry》1996,163(1):185-193
The effects of anti-peptide antibodies against the second extracellular loop of human M2 muscarinic receptor on transmembrane potentials and currents in guinea pig single ventricular cells were analyzed using whole-cell patch clamp technique. These effects were compared with those of the muscarinic receptor agonists carbachol and acetylcholine. The antibodies shortened the action potential duration in a dose-dependent manner. By using a ramp or step rectangular pulse protocol, it was found that the antibodies increased the outward K+ current and decreased the inward basal I Ca significantly. The reversal potential of both carbachol-and antibody-induced extra currents were close to –80 mV, being in proximity to the calculated Ek of –90 mV. A -adrenergic receptor agonist, isoprenaline, prolonged the action potential and increased the overshoot which could be inhibited by both antibody and carbachol. Isoprenaline increased inward Ica and outward Ik simultaneously. Both antibody and carbachol could significantly reduce the isoprenaline-stimulated ICa but not the isoprenaline-stimulated Ik. The antibody- or carbachol-induced outward K+ current and the depressant effects of antibody and carbachol on isoprenaline-stimulated Ica were partially antagonized by atropine. These results suggest that the anti-M2 muscarinic receptor antibodies display a stimulatory activity similar to muscarinic receptor agonist on the receptor-mediated electrophysiological events. 相似文献
122.
Molecular diffusion into horse spleen ferritin: a nitroxide radical spin probe study. 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3 下载免费PDF全文
Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography were employed to study the molecular diffusion of a number of small nitroxide spin probes (approximately 7-9 A diameter) into the central cavity of the iron-storage protein ferritin. Charge and polarity of these radicals play a critical role in the diffusion process. The negatively charged radical 4-carboxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl (4-carboxy-TEMPO) does not penetrate the cavity whereas the positively charged 4-amino-TEMPO and 3-(aminomethyl)-proxyl radical and polar 4-hydroxy-TEMPO radical do. Unlike the others, the apolar TEMPO radical does not enter the cavity but instead binds to ferritin, presumably at a hydrophobic region of the protein. The kinetic data indicate that diffusion is not purely passive, the driving force coming not only from the concentration gradient between the inside and outside of the protein but also from charge interactions between the diffusant and the protein. A model for diffusion is derived that describes the observed kinetics. First-order half-lives for diffusion into the protein of 21-26 min are observed, suggesting that reductant molecules with diameters considerably larger than approximately 9 A would probably enter the protein cavity too slowly to mobilize iron efficiently by direct interaction with the mineral core. 相似文献
123.
Approximate methods for estimating the pattern of nucleotide substitution and the variation of substitution rates among sites 总被引:13,自引:6,他引:7
We propose two approximate methods (one based on parsimony and one on
pairwise sequence comparison) for estimating the pattern of nucleotide
substitution and a parsimony-based method for estimating the gamma
parameter for variable substitution rates among sites. The matrix of
substitution rates that represents the substitution pattern can be
recovered through its relationship with the observable matrix of site
pattern frequences in pairwise sequence comparisons. In the parsimony
approach, the ancestral sequences reconstructed by the parsimony algorithm
were used, and the two sequences compared are those at the ends of a branch
in the phylogenetic tree. The method for estimating the gamma parameter was
based on a reinterpretation of the numbers of changes at sites inferred by
parsimony. Three data sets were analyzed to examine the utility of the
approximate methods compared with the more reliable likelihood methods. The
new methods for estimating the substitution pattern were found to produce
estimates quite similar to those obtained from the likelihood analyses. The
new method for estimating the gamma parameter was effective in reducing the
bias in conventional parsimony estimates, although it also overestimated
the parameter. The approximate methods are computationally very fast and
appear useful for analyzing large data sets, for which use of the
likelihood method requires excessive computation.
相似文献
124.
本文引用等效模型,对激光消融过程进行了推导与计算,和实验结果比较表明,所得公式与实验结果能较好相符,可用于描述紫外激光消融过程。 相似文献
125.
报道了测定CK-MM亚型的聚焦色谱法,此法简单,快速,结果可靠,线性范围宽,最低检测限(8U/L)较正常参考值低,比国外报道的类似方法高6倍以上,分离度亦有改进.测定了20例健康人血清亚型分布,与文献报道结果相近.该法自动化程度高,已在急性心梗的诊断中实际应用. 相似文献
126.
Comparison of models for nucleotide substitution used in maximum- likelihood phylogenetic estimation 总被引:31,自引:15,他引:16
Using real sequence data, we evaluate the adequacy of assumptions made in
evolutionary models of nucleotide substitution and the effects that these
assumptions have on estimation of evolutionary trees. Two aspects of the
assumptions are evaluated. The first concerns the pattern of nucleotide
substitution, including equilibrium base frequencies and the
transition/transversion-rate ratio. The second concerns the variation of
substitution rates over sites. The maximum-likelihood estimate of tree
topology appears quite robust to both these aspects of the assumptions of
the models, but evaluation of the reliability of the estimated tree by
using simpler, less realistic models can be misleading. Branch lengths are
underestimated when simpler models of substitution are used, but the
underestimation caused by ignoring rate variation over nucleotide sites is
much more serious. The goodness of fit of a model is reduced by ignoring
spatial rate variation, but unrealistic assumptions about the pattern of
nucleotide substitution can lead to an extraordinary reduction in the
likelihood. It seems that evolutionary biologists can obtain accurate
estimates of certain evolutionary parameters even with an incorrect
phylogeny, while systematists cannot get the right tree with confidence
even when a realistic, and more complex, model of evolution is assumed.
相似文献
127.
Zhao Ying Hiromasa Tojo Takanori Komatsubara Manabu Nakagawa Masami Inada Sumio Kawata Yuji Matsuzawa Mitsuhiro Okamoto 《生物化学与生物物理学报:疾病的分子基础》1994,1226(2):201-205
Enzyme activity, protein contents, and mRNA contents of group II phospholipase A2 (PLA2) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) surgically obtained from 8 patients were compared with those in either its neighboring liver tissues or control liver tissues. The PLA2 specific activity towards the mixed micelles of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-phosphatidylglycerol and cholate was significantly greater in the tumor tissues (6.62 ± 1.46 nmol/min/mg) than those in the surrounding liver tissues (1.33 ± 0.22 nmol/min/mg) and controls (0.43 ± 0.04 nmol/min/mg). The results of immunoblot analysis using a specific anti-human group II PLA2 antibody and of Northern blot analysis using a human group II PLA2 cDNA as a probe demonstrated that group II PLA2 was responsible for the increased enzyme activity. The contents of immunoreactive group II PLA2 in the tumor tissues (8.81 ± 1.24 ng/mg) were significantly higher than those in the surrounding liver tissues (1.77 ± 0.27 ng/mg); those in the control tissues were below the analytical range of the method used. The group II PLA2 mRNA was also significantly increased in the tumor tissues, compared with that in the surrounding liver tissues, whereas it was not detectable in th controls. This indicates that group II PLA2 in HCC is induced at the pretranslational level. 相似文献
128.
Pot experiments were conducted with a calcareous soil (Inceptisol) to elucidate the effects of bicarbonate (0 and 20 mM) and root zone temperature (15° and 25°C) on the uptake of Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu by "Zn-efficient" and "Zn-inefficient" rice cultivars. Bicarbonate decreased concentrations and total uptake of Zn in shoots of "Zn-inefficient" cultivars, especially of IR 26 at 25°C, but not in Zn-efficient cultivars. Bicarbonate decreased concentrations and uptake of Fe in shoots of Zn inefficient cultivars, particularly in IR 26. Concentrations and total uptake of Mn were lower in bicarbonate treatment in the Zn-inefficient cultivars at 15°C, and in all cultivars at 25°C. However, concentration and uptake of Cu were not affected by bicarbonate in all cultivars. Compared to the 25°C root zone temperature, the concentrations and total uptake of both Zn and Cu in shoots at 15°C were lower in Zn-inefficient than in the Zn-efficient cultivars. The results indicate that Zn-efficiency in rice is causally related to high tolerance of plant to elavated bicarbonate concentrations in soil solution. 相似文献
129.
T. C. Pan T. H. Lin C. L. Tseng M. H. Yang C. W. Huang 《Biological trace element research》1993,39(2-3):117-128
Blackfoot disease is a peripheral vascular disease resulting in gangrene of the lower extremities. Though extensive epidemiological
study has implicated that high arsenic content in artesian well water of the endemic area, bears some important connection
with the disease, the etiology of the disease is still unknown. In this study, attention is paid to multielement determination
in order to find out whether the trace elements in hair of Blackfoot disease patients are different from those of the controls.
Experimental results indicate that the concentrations of As and Se in hair of patients are significantly higher than those
of the controls, but Ca and Zn are significantly lower than those of the controls. The possible connection of these elements
with the etiology of the disease is discussed. 相似文献
130.
Yang S. P.; Bergo G. W.; Krasney E.; Krasney J. A. 《Journal of applied physiology》1994,76(1):303-313