Regulation of adult mammalian intrinsic axonal regeneration by NF-κB/STAT3 signaling cascade

The inflammatory response is a critical regulator for the regeneration of axon following nervous system injury. Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) is characteristically known for its ubiquitous role in the inflammatory response. However, its functional role in adult mammalian axon growth remains elusive. Here, we found that the NF-κB signaling pathway is activated in adult sensory neurons through peripheral axotomy. Furthermore, inhibition of NF-κB in peripheral sensory neurons attenuated their axon growth in vitro and in vivo. Our results also showed that NF-κB modulated axon growth by repressing the phosphorylation of STAT3. Furthermore, activation of STAT3 significantly promoted adult optic nerve regeneration. Taken together, the findings of our study indicated that NF-κB/STAT3 cascade is a critical regulator of intrinsic axon growth capability in the adult nervous system.     

Primary identifications and palynological observations of Perilla in China

Unresolved controversies concerning the classification of the monotypic genus Perilla L.have hindered the complete understanding and subsequent sustainable use of these vital food,oil,and medicinal plants to their full potential.In the present study,we used scanning electron microscopy to obtain palynological evidence from 21 samples of Perilla plants from seven provinces in China as a potential further attribute for classification.The findings showed that pollen grains from plants of 11 samples were oblate...     

细胞间信息传递的新途径:微囊泡及其在心血管疾病中的作用

微囊泡(MV)作为新发现的细胞间信息传递途径正逐渐引起科学界的关注。它来源于细胞膜,含有与母细胞膜相似的脂类和蛋白质,也可能包括胞浆中的细胞器和部分mRNA。MV可以通过介导配体-受体反应或传递胞浆成分及细胞器等方式使母细胞与靶细胞发生联系,并参与了诸如动脉粥样硬化、糖尿病、心肌梗死、恶性肿瘤、关节炎等疾病的发生和发展。本文介绍近年关于微囊泡的研究进展,并重点阐述其在心血管疾病中的作用。     

黄檗的组织培养和快速繁殖

1植物名称黄檗(Phellodendron chinense Schneid.). 2材料类别茎段. 3培养条件诱导培养基:(1)MS 6-BA 1.0 mg·L-1(单位下同) NAA 0.05 3%蔗糖;(2)MS 6-BA0.25 NAA 1.5 3%蔗糖.增殖培养基:(3)MS 6-BA 1.0 NAA 0.1 GA 0.25 3%蔗糖.生根培养基:(4)1/2MS IBA 0.5 NAA 0.1 1.5%蔗糖.所有培养基均附加0.7%琼脂,pH 5.8～6.0.培养温度为(25±2)℃,光照时间12 h·d-1,光强为30～40μmol·m-2·s-1.     

Simulating the rice yield change in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River under SRES B2 scenario

As one of the most important crops in China, rice accounts for 18% of the country’s total cultivated area. Increasing atmospheric CO₂ concentration and associated climate change may greatly affect the rice productivity. Therefore, understanding the impacts of climate change on rice production is of great significance. This paper aims to examine the potential impacts of future climate change on the rice yield in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, which is one of the most important food production regions in China. Climate data generated by the regional climate Model PRECIS for the baseline (1961–1990) and future (2021–2050) period under IPCC SRES B2 scenario were employed as the input of the rice crop model ORYZA2000. Four experimental schemes were carried out to evaluate the effects of future climate warming, CO₂ fertilization and water managements (i.e., irrigation and rain-fed) on rice production. The results indicated that the average rice growth duration would be shortened by 4 days and the average rice yield would be declined by more than 14% as mean temperature raised by 1.5 °C during the rice growing season in 2021–2050 period under B2 scenario. This negative effect of climate warming was more obvious on the middle and late rice than early rice, since both of them experience higher mean temperature and more extreme high temperature events in the growth period from July to September. The significance effect of the enhanced CO₂ fertilization to rice yield was found under elevated CO₂ concentrations in 2021–2050 period under B2 scenario, which would increase rice yield by more than 10%, but it was still not enough to offset the negative effect of increasing temperature. As an important limiting factor to rice yield, precipitation contributed less to the variation of rice yield than either increased temperature or CO₂ fertilization, while the spatial distribution of rice yield depended on the temporal and spatial patterns of precipitation and temperature. Compared to the rain-fed rice, the irrigated rice generally had higher rice yield over the study area, since the irrigated rice was less affected by climate change. Irrigation could increase the rice yield by more than 50% over the region north of the Yangtze River, with less contribution to the south, since irrigation can relieve the water stress for rice growing in the north region of the study area. The results above indicated that future climate change would significantly affect the rice production in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Therefore, the adverse effect of future climate change on rice production will be reduced by taking adaptation measures to avoid disadvantages. However, there is uncertainty in the rice production response prediction due to the rice acclimation to climate change and bias in the simulation of rice yield with uncertainty of parameters accompanied with the uncertainty of future climate change scenario.     

外来种刺槐叶瘿蚊的重要寄生性天敌——刺槐叶瘿蚊广腹细蜂在中国的地理分布

刺槐叶瘿蚊广腹细蜂Platygaster robiniae Buhl and Duso(膜翅目:细蜂科)是我国外来有害生物刺槐叶瘿蚊Obolodiplosis robiniae(Haldeman)(双翅目:瘿蚊科)十分重要的寄生性天敌,为卵-幼虫跨期寄生蜂,专化性强,在自然抑制害虫虫口密度中起着非常重要的作用。为摸清刺槐叶瘿蚊广腹细蜂在我国的地理分布,探讨其与刺槐叶瘿蚊的相互关系,本文根据寄主刺槐叶瘿蚊在我国的分布范围,采用踏查的方法,对全国17个省、市、自治区的29个地区进行了调查。结果显示,刺槐叶瘿蚊广腹细蜂在其寄主分布区都有分布,分布范围在26°35.451′-43°53.482′N,103°51.816′-125°15.969′E,海拔4-1 097 m。     

MicroRNA调控昆虫免疫的研究进展

MicroRNA(miRNA)是一类由内源基因编码的长度约为21nt的非编码单链RNA分子,在各种生物学过程中具有转录后水平调控基因表达的重要作用。本文从miRNA调控昆虫抗菌肽的表达、调控昆虫抗病毒免疫反应、调控昆虫与共生菌的免疫反应及调控昆虫作为病原体媒介引起的免疫反应等方面,就miRNAs在昆虫免疫防御方面的研究进展作一综述。     

Molecular systematics analysis of Lymantria dispar based on 18S rRNA and cox1 mtDNA sequence data

The complete sequence of the 18 S ribosomal RNA gene(18S rRNA) from Lymantria dispar was cloned and analysed here. 18 S rRNA and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidasel(cox1) gene sequences of Lymantria dispar were compared with homologous sequences of other nine insects from different orders. Analytic results showed that 18 S rRNA of these insects had two conserved domains and the second domain was an even more conserved region. The phylogenetic trees based on the full-length sequence and the second domain fragment of 18 S rRNA as well as sequence of cox1 from different orders indicated that Lepidoptera and Trichoptera, which belongs to Amphiesmenoptera, had a closer phylogenetic relationship and fewer differences were observed comparing with traditional taxonomic results.