创新实践教学模式对大学生素质教育的作用

大学生素质教育要求新时代的大学生不仅要学习理论知识,更重要的是培养科学思维并掌握应用技能。我校微生物学课程教学中探索了以创新实践为主要内容的模式改革,其中"理论—技能—创新实践"同步训练的创新模式,是以将参与创新实践计入期末成绩的形式"强迫"学生进入实验室参与科研项目。实施中我们以"教师—研究生—创新小组"交互学习的方式,任课教师制定规则与目标,研究生帮助创新项目的选题、研究方案设计及实施指导,创新小组依照目标参与研究生的科研课题,最后完成创新实践并获得一定比例的成绩。实践证实创新实践教学对促进学生的理论课程学习、科学思维培养以及创新意识训练等方面都有积极的促进作用,是大学生素质教育的一种实用且高效的教学模式。     

绿茶抗氧化剂成分抑制突变作用的初步研究

绿茶水溶性提取物及茶叶中抗氧化剂成份具有明显的抑制AFB_1及Bap诱导的鼠伤寒沙门氏菌回复突变作用。这种抗氧化剂成份还可以抑制AFB_1和Bap诱导的V79细胞基因正向突变,以及AFB_1诱导的V79细胞SCE和染色体畸变。本实验结果提示,绿茶中抗氧化剂成份可能对AFB_1及Bap的致癌性具有抑制作用。本文就茶叶抗氧化剂抑制突变的可能机制进行了初步讨论。     

皮质酮对高钾诱导PC12细胞内钙升高的非基因组调节作用

目的：分析皮质酮快速抑制高钾诱导PC12细胞内钙升高的机制。方法：使用荧光影像系统,实时检测细胞内钙变化。结果：①在预处理PC12细胞5min后,皮质酮可呈量－效关系抑制高钾诱导的PC12细胞内钙升高。②牛血清白蛋白耦联的皮质酮（B－BSA）可模拟皮质酮快速抑制高钾诱导PC12细胞内钙升高的作用,并呈现量－效关系。③糖皮质激素的细胞内受体拮抗剂RU38486对皮质酮快速抑制效应无明显拮抗作用。④蛋白合成抑制剂放线菌酮预处理细胞3h后,皮质酮对高钾诱导PC12内钙升高仍有较强抑制作用。结论：①皮质酮的作用点位于细胞膜上。②皮质酮的快速作用不直接依赖细胞内蛋白合成和不依赖细胞内糖皮质激素受体。③皮质酮对高钾诱导PC12内钙升高的快速抑制作用属非基因组作用。     

天津发现白额鹱

正2017年11月4日上午11时左右,在天津市北大港湿地自然保护区的万亩鱼塘(38°47′15.33″N,117°25′3.98″E,海拔3 m)观察到1只白额鹱(Calonectris leucomelas)飞过,并拍照记录。此后数日前往观察,均未能再看到此鸟。被观察到时,该白额鹱的飞行高度约60 m;当时同域空中有红嘴鸥(Chroicocephalus ridibumdus)、红嘴巨燕     

Spatial distribution of Holcocerus hippophaecolus (Lepidoptera: Cossidae) pupae in a seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) stand

The seabuckthorn carpenter moth, Holcocerus hippophaecolus, which has a generation time of four years, is recently becoming one of the major pests of the seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) in Inner Mongolia, Liaoning, Shanxi, Ningxia and Shaanxi of China (Hua et al., 1990). The larvae of the H. hippophaecolus mainly damage the stems and roots of the seabuckthorn, and the mature larvae pupate in the soil. The spatial distribution of the pupae was analyzed by using biostatistics and geostatistics in order to effectively control the insect and further study the spatial distribution of the population. Results show that most of the pupae (90%) had an eclosion time span from early June to the end of July. The sex ratio of the pupae was nearly 1:1 in the woodland samples. In addition, 24.3% of the 971 trees investigated had pupae and it ranged from 0 to 4 per tree within a distance of 1.3 m from the base of the stem. 90% of the pupae were aggregated within a distance of 1 m from the base of the stem. The pupae show intense spatial aggregation in the sampled woodland which had an 11.1 m spatial dependence and a 90.7% intensity in the local spatial continuity. Moreover, the population presented an intensive spotted distribution and many aggregated spots were found in the woodlands. As for the relationship between grid size and variogram of the pupae, the variations in the range, the intensity of local spatial continuity and the sill were all very low or non-existent when the grid size was 5 m, 6 m or 7 m. Whereas, the value of the decisive coefficient was the biggest when the grid size was 5 m making it the ideal grid size.     

新疆玛纳斯热气泉免培养土壤细菌多样性分析

【目的】了解新疆玛纳斯热气泉土壤免培养细菌群落组成及多样性。【方法】采用免培养法直接从土壤样品中提取总DNA,利用细菌通用引物对土壤总DNA进行16S rDNA扩增,构建细菌16SrDNA文库。使用HaeⅢ限制性内切酶对阳性克隆进行限制性片段长度多态性分析(restriction fragment length polymorphism,RFLP),挑选具有不同酶切图谱的克隆进行测序、比对并构建16SrDNA系统发育树。【结果】从土壤细菌16S rDNA文库中随机挑选了170个阳性克隆,共得到29个不同的分类单元(operational taxonomic unit,OTU)。系统发育分析归为6个门:酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和浮霉菌门(Planctomycetes)。其中厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)为绝对优势类群,占整个细菌文库的71%。29个OTUs中有14条序列与GenBank中相关序列的相似性低于97%(序列长度约1.5kb),占序列总数的48%。【结论】热气泉土壤细菌种群多样性较低,但存在大量潜在细菌新种。     

Impact of emotion on consciousness: positive stimuli enhance conscious reportability

Emotion and reward have been proposed to be closely linked to conscious experience, but empirical data are lacking. The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) plays a central role in the hedonic dimension of conscious experience; thus potentially a key region in interactions between emotion and consciousness. Here we tested the impact of emotion on conscious experience, and directly investigated the role of the ACC. We used a masked paradigm that measures conscious reportability in terms of subjective confidence and objective accuracy in identifying the briefly presented stimulus in a forced-choice test. By manipulating the emotional valence (positive, neutral, negative) and the presentation time (16 ms, 32 ms, 80 ms) we measured the impact of these variables on conscious and subliminal (i.e. below threshold) processing. First, we tested normal participants using face and word stimuli. Results showed that participants were more confident and accurate when consciously seeing happy versus sad/neutral faces and words. When stimuli were presented subliminally, we found no effect of emotion. To investigate the neural basis of this impact of emotion, we recorded local field potentials (LFPs) directly in the ACC in a chronic pain patient. Behavioural findings were replicated: the patient was more confident and accurate when (consciously) seeing happy versus sad faces, while no effect was seen in subliminal trials. Mirroring behavioural findings, we found significant differences in the LFPs after around 500 ms (lasting 30 ms) in conscious trials between happy and sad faces, while no effect was found in subliminal trials. We thus demonstrate a striking impact of emotion on conscious experience, with positive emotional stimuli enhancing conscious reportability. In line with previous studies, the data indicate a key role of the ACC, but goes beyond earlier work by providing the first direct evidence of interaction between emotion and conscious experience in the human ACC.