Hypoxic conditioned medium derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells protects against ischemic stroke in rats

In recent years, studies have shown that the secretome of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) contains many growth factors, cytokines, and antioxidants, which may provide novel approaches to treat ischemic diseases. Furthermore, the secretome may be modulated by hypoxic preconditioning. We hypothesized that conditioned medium (CM) derived from BMSCs plays a crucial role in reducing tissue damage and improving neurological recovery after ischemic stroke and that hypoxic preconditioning of BMSCs robustly improves these activities. Rats were subjected to ischemic stroke by middle cerebral artery occlusion and then intravenously administered hypoxic CM, normoxic CM, or Dulbecco modified Eagle medium (DMEM, control). Cytokine antibody arrays and label-free quantitative proteomics analysis were used to compare the differences between hypoxic CM and normoxic CM. Injection of normoxic CM significantly reduced the infarct area and improved neurological recovery after stroke compared with administering DMEM. These outcomes may be associated with the attenuation of apoptosis and promotion of angiogenesis. Hypoxic preconditioning significantly enhanced these therapeutic effects. Fourteen proteins were significantly increased in hypoxic CM compared with normoxic CM as measured by cytokine arrays. The label-free quantitative proteomics analysis revealed 163 proteins that were differentially expressed between the two groups, including 107 upregulated proteins and 56 downregulated proteins. Collectively, our results demonstrate that hypoxic CM protected brain tissue from ischemic injury and promoted functional recovery after stroke in rats and that hypoxic CM may be the basis of a potential therapy for stroke patients.     

A correlational study between serum asymmetric dimethylarginine level and impaired glucose tolerance patients associated with obesity

Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) plays a vital role in the regulation of insulin sensitivity and has been shown as a potential marker for various disease, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). However, the correlation between ADMA and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and obesity has not been studied. A total of 195 subjects were involved in our study. The characteristics of the subjects in the study cohort were measured and analyzed. We found that the serum ADMA and C-reactive protein levels were significantly increased in IGT and diabetic patients, whereas the levels of lipoprotein A and adiponectin were decreased, especially in diabetic patients with obesity. The serum ADMA level was positively correlated to a homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance, and multivariate regression analysis further indicated that ADMA was an independent factor for DM patients with obesity. Our study expands the understanding of the complicated relationship between obesity, insulin resistance, IGT, and ADMA. In addition, we demonstrated that the serum ADMA level could serve as a diagnositic biomarker of the early signs for IGT patients with obesity.     

TNF-α-induced exosomal miR-146a mediates mesenchymal stem cell-dependent suppression of urethral stricture

The effective treatment of urethral stricture remains a medical problem. The use of proinflammatory cytokines as stimuli to improve the reparative efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) towards damaged tissues represents an evolving field of investigation. However, the therapeutic benefits of this strategy in the treatment of urethral stricture remain unknown. Here, we enriched exosomes derived from human umbilical cord-derived MSCs pretreated with or without tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) to evaluate their therapeutic effects in an in vivo model of TGFβ1-induced urethral stricture. Male Sprague-Dawley rats received sham (saline) or TGFβ1 injections to urethral tissues followed by incisions in the urethra. Animals in the TGFβ1 injection (urethral fibrosis) cohort were subsequently injected with vehicle control, or with exosomes derived from MSCs cultured with or without TNF-α. After 4 weeks, rats underwent ultrasound evaluation and, following euthanasia, urethral tissues were harvested for histological and molecular analysis. In vitro, the effects of MSC-derived exosomes on fibroblast secretion of collagen and cytokines were studied by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and western blot analysis. Exosomes derived from MSCs pretreated with TNF-α were more effective in suppressing urethral fibrosis and stricture than exosomes from untreated MSCs. We found that miR-146a, an anti-inflammatory miRNA, was strongly upregulated in TNF-α-stimulated MSCs and was selectively packaged into exosomes. Moreover, miR-146a-containing exosomes were taken up by fibroblasts and inhibited fibroblast activation and associated inflammatory responses, a finding that may underlie the therapeutic mechanism for suppression of urethral stricture. Inhibition of miR-146a in TNF-α-treated MSCs partially reduced antifibrotic effects and increased the release of proinflammatory factors of exosomes derived from these cells. Together these findings demonstrate that exosomes derived from TNF-α-treated MSCs are of therapeutic benefit in urethral fibrosis, suggesting that this strategy may have utility as an adjuvant therapy in the treatment of urethral stricture diseases.     

根癌农杆菌对单子叶植物竹子的细胞转化

本实验证明:具有重要经济价值的禾本科植物——竹子(bamboo)可被根癌农杆菌转化。在经有毒性的根癌农杆菌C_(580、A_(348)感染的竹子材料中,分别测到了专性的胭脂碱和章鱼碱,而对照处理及无毒性的根癌农杆菌VirA~-_(211)mx、NTI感染的竹子材料中,测不到冠瘿碱。     

无机营养对春小麦抗旱适应性的影响

本文研究了无机营养对春小麦一些抗旱适应性的影响,主要包括:渗透调节的大小和变化过程、可溶性糖的积累、脯氨酸的积累、叶片导度的变化、离体叶片的失水速率、叶面积和耗水量的变化、根系生长和根/植冠值,并且分析了各个处理植株的水分利用效率(WUE)和产量的变异。认为,在干旱条件下,无机营养对于春小麦不同器官、不同生理功能,并不都具有一致的作用。有的利于提高植株的抗旱性,有的可以改变一些适应性产生的时间和发展过程,有的则不利于植株的抗旱性。通过综合分析,提出旱地施肥使作物增产的主要原因是,营养元素满足了作物生长所需,促进了根系发育,利于吸收水分、维持水分平衡和正常生理功能,但对作物自身的耐旱性并没有产生显著影响。     

HBsAg阴性母亲的新生儿接种不同剂量乙型肝炎血源疫苗的效果

HBsAg阴位母亲的新生儿,按0,1、6月程序分别接种10-10-10μg(1组)、20-10-10μg(2组)和30-10-10μg(3组)乙型肝炎血源疫苗。第一针后一年,检查抗-HBs阳转率,分别为87.60％,90.64％和88.97％,无统计学显著差异。3针10μg组免疫后l～4年抗-HBs阳性率分别为88.31％、81.08％、80.10％和78.39％,虽稍下降,但无统计学显著差异。3个剂量组HBsAg阳性率分别为0.71％,0.49％和0.74％,说明HBsAg阴性母亲的新生儿,用国产血源HBsAg疫苗免疫以10μ×3效果较理想。     

苏联摩尔达维亚芳香植物开发利用科研发展动态

摩尔达维亚苏维埃社会主义共和国位于苏联欧洲部分的西南端。面积33,700平方公里,人口370多万。境内丘陵与河谷平原相间。中部为高地,巴拉湟什特海拔达429米。高地南、北均成倾斜平原。土壤以黑土为主,占75%;棕色和灰色森林土约占10%,遍布中部高地;沿河滩地为冲积草甸土。气候温和,属中     

家兔杏仁核内钙、镁离子对电针镇痛和吗啡镇痛的拮抗作用

通过埋植套管向家兔双侧杏仁核内缓慢注射微量氯化钙或氯化镁,对电针镇痛和吗啡镇痛有显著的对抗作用。向杏仁核内注入钙离子螯合剂CDTA或钙通道抑制剂异博定则可显著加强电针镇痛和吗啡镇痛。提示:杏仁核内钙、镁离于浓度是影响吗啡镇痛和电针镇痛的重要因素,同时表明电针和吗啡镇痛的机理可能有相似之处。     

内蒙古高原针茅摹群落β多样性研究

用比较样地法调查了内蒙古高原４类地带性针茅（Ｓｔｉｐａ）草原群落的β多样性特征。结果表明,Ｗｈｉｔｔａｃｋｅｒ指数βＷＳ与尺度有关,随取样面积的增加,βＷＳ逐渐降低,取样面积相同时,４类群落的βＷＳ比较接近,各群落 的Ｃｏｄｙ指数最初也随样方面积的扩大而增大,当样方面积扩大到一定尺度时,贝加尔针茅群落和大针茅群落为〉０．５ｍ＾２,克氏针茅群落和小针茅群落为〉２ｍ＾２,Ｃｏｄｙ指数趋于稳定。同一尺度     

Changes of Ribonuclease in Cotyledon Segment of Phaseolus radiatus L During Dedifferentiation

Ribonuelease activity and its isozyme pattern of mung bean cotyledon segment were determined during dedifferentiation. The results showed that the activity of ribonuelease in the dedifferentiated tissue is higher than that of control, three new bands of isozyme appear during callus formation. Addition of cycloheximide (CHM) at 0 or 24 hours inhibits either the enzyme activity or the appearance of new bands. These facts indicate that the changes of ribanuelease are at translation level.