基于转录组分析酸枣仁斯皮诺素生物合成途径的相关基因

采用转录组测序技术分析酸枣仁(Ziziphi spinosae semen)不同发育时期基因表达差异,识别酸枣仁黄酮生物合成途径的相关基因,为进一步分析酸枣仁中黄酮类成分生物合成相关酶基因提供研究基础.以3个不同生长发育时期的酸枣仁样本为供试材料,采用Illumina Hiseq 4000进行转录组测序,并从头拼接,对转录本进行功能注释和差异性分析.经StringTie软件组装拼接得到74472个转录本,其中有26.83％在NR、Swiss-Prot、Pfam、GO、KOG、KEGG数据库中得到注释;代谢通路分析结果发现,在酸枣仁转录组中与黄酮类合成途径相关的11条差异表达基因可能编码斯皮诺素合成途径的一些酶类.酸枣仁中黄酮类成分斯皮诺素相关转录本信息为阐明斯皮诺素在生长期的积累提供重要依据,为提高酸枣仁品质研究提供参考.     

高血压的分类、症状及并发症与公众认知

高血压(hypertension,high blood pressure)是动脉血压持续偏高的慢性疾病,是人类社会最为常见的慢性医学问题.80％以上的高血压患者了解他们自身的血压状况,其中70％以上的患者服用治疗高血压药物.然而,这些认识到自身高血压状况的人中,只有48％的患者的高血压得到了充分的控制.本文系统地阐述了高血压的类型、诊断标准及治疗或控制策略,以期提高公众对高血压的认知,有利于患者对高血压的控制和管理.     

一株产透明质酸酶的菌株鉴定及酶学性质研究

透明质酸酶可用于药物渗透剂、动物皮革松散及低分子量的透明质酸制备.实验室前期筛选了一株具有较高透明质酸降解能力的菌株,本研究对其进行了 16S rRNA基因和生理生化反应鉴定,鉴定为弗氏柠檬酸杆菌,但弗氏柠檬酸杆菌来源的透明质酸酶的功能还未见报道.因而,以透明质酸为底物研究其酶学性质,结果表明:该酶最适pH值为5.5,在pH值4.0～8.0下处理1 h可以保持60％以上酶活力;最适温度为50℃,在50℃和60℃下处理1h后剩余60％以上的酶活力.该酶和人源透明质酸酶最适pH相似,但其耐热性更高.因此,本研究挖掘到了新颖的透明质酸酶的资源,并为其开发利用提供了参考价值.     

Ovule morphogenesis and structure in Menispermaceae,focusing on the development of the single fertile ovule and its systematic significance

Menispermaceae is one of the core groups of Ranunculales. The single fertile ovule in each ovary in Menispermaceae varies greatly in integument number, micropyle formation, and integument lobe. However, data regarding ovule morphogenesis in the family are very limited. In this study, we document ovule development of selected species in the Menispermaceae using scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy. Ovule development in Menispermaceae shows the following characteristics. Two ovules are initiated in a young carpel, one of them degenerates gradually and the other develops into a fertile ovule in subsequent stages. Bitegmic in Sinomenium Diels. and Cocculus DC. and unitegmic in Stephania Lour. The formation of unitegmy is probably due to integumentary shifting. The annularly initiated inner integument is of dermal origin and has 2–3 cell layers in the family, but the semi-annularly initiated outer integument is of both dermal and subdermal origin. Both inner and outer integument are cup-shaped at maturity. The cup-shaped outer integument is formed due to the outer integument's extension to the concave (adaxial) side of the funiculus. The obturator is well developed and consists of 2–3 cell layers in Cocculus or 9–11 cell layers in Stephania. Ovule development of Menispermaceae suggests some common characteristics between Cocculus and Sinomenium, and derived unitegmy supports molecular data that indicate Stephania is one of the late-diverging lineages in the family. Integument lobations are present. The sterile ovule shows variations in the degeneration process. These results will provide evidence for exploring the evolution of ovules in Ranunculales.     

北盘江大峡谷流域浮游生物资源调查及多样性分析

为探究北盘江大峡谷流域内浮游生物群落组成及多样性情况,于2017年10月对该流域进行浮游生物调查及多样性分析.结果表明该流域内浮游植物共有7门40属61种、其中绿藻门、硅藻门和蓝藻门种类分别为21种、19种和12种,分别占到34.43％、31.15％和19.67％,浮游植物平均密度为4 298.33(375～9 500)ind./L,Shannon-Wiener藻类生物多样性指数均处于1和2之间;浮游动物3门12属21种,其中轮虫类、枝角类和桡足类种类分别为11种、5种和5种,各占到52.38％、23.81％和23.81％,浮游动物平均密度为436.11(55～1 437.5)ind./L,Shannon-Wiener生物多样性指数均处于1和2之间.本研究结果该地区水生生物资源积累了本底资料.     

Blocking of the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction by a novel cyclic peptide inhibitor for cancer immunotherapy

The interaction of PD-1/PD-L1 allows tumor cells to escape from immune surveillance. Clinical success of the antibody drugs has proven that blockade of PD-1/PD-L1 pathway is a promising strategy for cancer immunotherapy. Here, we developed a cyclic peptide C8 by using Ph.D.-C7 C phage display technology. C8 showed high binding affinity with h PD-1 and could effectively interfere the interaction of PD-1/PD-L1. Furthermore, C8 could stimulate CD8+T cell activation in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs). We also observed that C8 could suppress tumor growth in CT26 and B16-OVA, as well as anti-PD-1 antibody resistant B16 mouse model. CD8+T cells infiltration significantly increased in tumor microenvironment, and IFN-γ secretion by CD8+T cells in draining lymph nodes also increased. Simultaneously, we exploited T cells depletion models and confirmed that C8 exerted anti-tumor effects via activating CD8+T cells dependent manner. The interaction model of C8 with h PD-1 was simulated and confirmed by alanine scanning. In conclusion, C8 shows anti-tumor capability by blockade of PD-1/PD-L1 interaction, and C8 may provide an alternative candidate for cancer immunotherapy.     

Congestive heart failure in COX2 deficient rats

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) inhibit prostaglandin (PG) formation by targeting cyclooxygenase (COX) 1 and 2.Long-term use of NSAIDs that selectively inhibit COX2 increases the risk for thrombotic events,cardiac failure,and hypertension.However,the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.In this study,COX1- and COX2-deficient rats were created via Cas9/RNA-mediated gene targeting.DNA genotyping and Western blot analysis confirmed successful generation of COX1~(-/-)and COX2~(-/-)rats.Adult COX1~(-/-)rats grew normally,while more than 70%of COX2~(-/-)rats after wean died within 2 months.Echocardiography showed markedly reduced left ventricular ejection fraction and fractional shortening in adult COX2~(-/-)rats compared to those in wildtype (WT) controls.Histological analysis revealed accumulation of inflammatory cells and severe interstitial and perivascular fibrosis in COX2~(-/-)cardiac tissues.Moreover,cardiac ATP and acetyl-Co A production was dramatically decreased in COX2~(-/-)rats.Consistently,the expression of genes related to mitochondrial oxidation,such as those that encode for subunits of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and acyl Co A dehydrogenases,were downregulated,while glycolytic hexokinase 1 (HK1) was upregulated in COX2~(-/-)heart tissues.These observations indicate that COX2-deficient rats developed spontaneously heart failure,likely as a result of dysregulated cardiac energy metabolism.     

Th2 polarization in target organs is involved in the alleviation of pathological damage mediated by transplanting granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-primed donor T cells

Acute graft-versus-host disease(a GVHD) is caused by allo-activated donor T cells infiltrating target organs. As a regulator of immune function, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor(G-CSF) has been demonstrated to relieve the a GVHD reaction.However, the role of G-CSF-primed donor Tcells in specific target organs is still unknown. In this study, we employed a classical MHC-mismatched transplantation mouse model(C57BL/6 into BALB/c) and found that recipient mice transplanted with GCSF-primed T cells exhibited prolonged survival compared with that of the PBS-treated group. This protective function against GVHD mediated by G-CSF-primed donor T cells was further confirmed by decreased clinical and pathological scores in this a GVHD mouse model, especially in the lung and gut. Moreover, we found that Tcells polarized towards Th2 cells and regulatory T cells were increased in specific target organs. In addition, G-CSF treatment inhibited inducible co-stimulator(ICOS) expression and increased the expression of tolerance-related genes in recipient mice. Our study provides new insight into the immune regulatory effects of G-CSF on T cell-mediated a GVHD, especially for its precise regulation in GVHD target organs.