全文获取类型
收费全文 | 156417篇 |
免费 | 24323篇 |
国内免费 | 12916篇 |
专业分类
193656篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 338篇 |
2023年 | 1792篇 |
2022年 | 4075篇 |
2021年 | 7072篇 |
2020年 | 6427篇 |
2019年 | 8951篇 |
2018年 | 8693篇 |
2017年 | 7654篇 |
2016年 | 9248篇 |
2015年 | 11769篇 |
2014年 | 13047篇 |
2013年 | 13995篇 |
2012年 | 14038篇 |
2011年 | 12576篇 |
2010年 | 9867篇 |
2009年 | 8070篇 |
2008年 | 7951篇 |
2007年 | 6894篇 |
2006年 | 5956篇 |
2005年 | 4921篇 |
2004年 | 4141篇 |
2003年 | 3821篇 |
2002年 | 3239篇 |
2001年 | 2634篇 |
2000年 | 2320篇 |
1999年 | 2236篇 |
1998年 | 1332篇 |
1997年 | 1238篇 |
1996年 | 1174篇 |
1995年 | 995篇 |
1994年 | 945篇 |
1993年 | 730篇 |
1992年 | 952篇 |
1991年 | 725篇 |
1990年 | 550篇 |
1989年 | 534篇 |
1988年 | 417篇 |
1987年 | 389篇 |
1986年 | 311篇 |
1985年 | 339篇 |
1984年 | 175篇 |
1983年 | 181篇 |
1982年 | 113篇 |
1981年 | 96篇 |
1980年 | 64篇 |
1979年 | 78篇 |
1977年 | 61篇 |
1975年 | 56篇 |
1974年 | 53篇 |
1973年 | 56篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
91.
应用纤维连接素(Fn)、S—100蛋白、胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)、细胞角蛋白(CK)和神经特异性烯醇蛋白(NSE)5种抗体对63例正常人垂体前叶内滤泡星状细胞(FSC)进行了免疫细胞化学研究。结果表明:人FSC内26.9%S_(100)阳性,9.3%GFAP阳性,63.8%两者都为阳性。CK、NSE和Fn均为阳性。从而提示了FSC来自神经外胚层的原始细胞而非Rathke's囊上皮的残留。 相似文献
92.
Cheng Jianxin Xia Yuqing Zhou Cheng Li Xiaohao Liu Pengfei 《Marine biotechnology (New York, N.Y.)》2023,25(2):291-313
Marine Biotechnology - Takifugu rubripes is important commercially fish species in China and it is under serious threat from white spot disease (cyptocaryoniasis), which leads to heavy economic... 相似文献
93.
Tuo Li Annika J. E. Borg Leo Krammer Rolf Breinbauer Bernd Nidetzky 《Biotechnology and bioengineering》2023,120(6):1506-1520
Polyphenolic aglycones featuring two sugars individually attached via C-glycosidic linkage (di-C-glycosides) represent a rare class of plant natural products with unique physicochemical properties and biological activities. Natural scarcity of such di-C-glycosides limits their use-inspired exploration as pharmaceutical ingredients. Here, we show a biocatalytic process technology for reaction-intensified production of the di-C-β-glucosides of two representative phenol substrates, phloretin (a natural flavonoid) and phenyl-trihydroxyacetophenone (a phenolic synthon for synthesis), from sucrose. The synthesis proceeds via an iterative two-fold C-glycosylation of the respective aglycone, supplied as inclusion complex with 2-hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin for enhanced water solubility of up to 50 mmol/L, catalyzed by a kumquat di-C-glycosyltransferase (di-CGT), and it uses UDP-Glc provided in situ from sucrose by a soybean sucrose synthase, with catalytic amounts (≤3 mol%) of UDP added. Time course analysis reveals the second C-glycosylation as rate-limiting (0.4–0.5 mmol/L/min) for the di-C-glucoside production. With internal supply from sucrose keeping the UDP-Glc at a constant steady-state concentration (≥50% of the UDP added) during the reaction, the di-C-glycosylation is driven to completion (≥95% yield). Contrary to the mono-C-glucoside intermediate which is stable, the di-C-glucoside requires the addition of reducing agent (10 mmol/L 2-mercaptoethanol) to prevent its decomposition during the synthesis. Both di-C-glucosides are isolated from the reaction mixtures in excellent purity (≥95%), and their expected structures are confirmed by NMR. Collectively, this study demonstrates efficient glycosyltransferase cascade reaction for flexible use in natural product di-C-β-glucoside synthesis from expedient substrates. 相似文献
94.
Wang Zunxin Wang Xianyu Liu Siqin Yang Ying Li Yang Chen Siyuan Wang Guangpeng Zhang Xincheng Ye Yuxiu Hu Laibao Zhou Qing Wang Feibing Chen Xinhong 《Journal of Plant Growth Regulation》2023,42(1):294-303
Journal of Plant Growth Regulation - Zinc is an important micronutrient for the growth and development of human body and plants. Proper use of nitrogen fertilizer and foliar application of Zn have... 相似文献
95.
The gene (alyVI) encoding an alginate lyase of marine bacterium Vibrio sp. QY101, which was isolated from a decaying thallus of Laminaria, was cloned using a strategy of combined degenerate PCR and long range-inverse PCR (LR-IPCR), then sequenced and expressed in Escherichia coli. Gene alyVI was composed of a 1014 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding 338 amino acid residues. The calculated molecular mass of alyVI product is 38.4 kDa, but a signal peptide is cleaved off, leaving a mature protein of 34 kDa. AlyVI was purified from culture supernatants to electrophoretic homogeneity using affinity chromatography. AlyVI was most active at pH 7.5 and 40 degrees C in the presence of 1 mM ZnCl2. A nine-amino-acid consensus region (YXRESLREM), which was only found in polyguluronate lyases, was also observed in the amino-terminal region of AlyVI. However, AlyVI could degrade both M block and G block. These results indicate that a novel alginate lyase-encoding gene has been cloned. 相似文献
96.
97.
Construction and characterization of two rice bacterial artificial chromosome libraries from the parents of a permanent recombinant inbred mapping population 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
Hong-Bin Zhang Sangdun Choi Sung-Sick Woo Zhikang Li Rod A. Wing 《Molecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement》1996,2(1):11-24
Rice is a leading grain crop and the staple food for over half of the world population. Rice is also an ideal species for genetic and biological studies of cereal crops and other monocotyledonous plants because of its small genome and well developed genetic system. To facilitate rice genome analysis leading to physical mapping, the identification of molecular markers closely linked to economic traits, and map-based cloning, we have constructed two rice bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) libraries from the parents of a permanent mapping population (Lemont and Teqing) consisting of 400 F9 recombinant inbred lines (RILs). Lemont (japonica) and Teqing (indica) represent the two major genomes of cultivated rice, both are leading commercial varieties and widely used germplasm in rice breeding programs. The Lemont library contains 7296 clones with an average insert size of 150 kb, which represents 2.6 rice haploid genome equivalents. The Teqing library contains 14208 clones with an average insert size of 130 kb, which represents 4.4. rice haploid genome equivalents. Three single-copy DNA probes were used to screen the libraries and at least two overlapping BAC clones were isolated with each probe from each library, ranging from 45 to 260 kb in insert size. Hybridization of BAC clones with chloroplast DNA probes and fluorescent in situ hybridization using BAC DNA as probes demonstrated that both libraries contain very few clones of chloroplast DNA origin and are likely free of chimeric clones. These data indicate that both BAC libraries should be suitable for map-based cloning of rice genes and physical mapping of the rice genome. 相似文献
98.
David A. Rouse Joseph A. DeVito Zhongming Li Heather Byer & Sheldon L. Morris 《Molecular microbiology》1996,22(3):583-592
Recent studies examining the molecular mechanisms of isoniazid (INH) resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis have demonstrated that a significant percentage of drug-resistant strains are mutated in the katG gene which encodes a catalase–peroxidase, and the majority of these alterations are missense mutations which result in the substitution of a single amino acid. In previous reports, residues which may be critical for enzymatic activity and the drug-resistant phenotype have been identified by evaluating INH-resistant clinical isolates and in vitro mutants. In this study, site-directed mutagenesis techniques were utilized to alter the wild-type katG gene from M. tuberculosis at 13 of these codons. The effects of these mutations were determined using complementation assays in katG -defective, INH-resistant strains of Mycobacterium smegmatis and Mycobacterium bovis BCG. This mutational analysis revealed that point mutations in the katG gene at nine of the 13 codons can cause drug resistance, and that enzymatic activity and resistance to INH are inversely related. In addition, mutations in the mycobacterial catalase–peroxidase which reduce catalase activity also decrease peroxidase activity. 相似文献
99.
100.
本文主要阐述了一种具有纤溶活性的枯草杆菌(Bacillussubtilis)蛋白激酶产生菌株的筛选与鉴定的研究结果。作者从初筛的12株Bacillussublilis菌中,通过对固体发酵和液体发酵所产生的枯草杆菌蛋白激酶,用琼脂糖-纤维蛋白平板法测其活性,经比较不同菌株的活性,筛选出两株高产酶菌株:B.subtilisHW—12和B.subtilisHW—3。同时对菌体和菌落形态特点、生理生化反应进行了鉴定,认为B.SubtilisHW-12菌株可用来做为发酵生产该酶的菌种。 相似文献