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71.
SAD‐B kinase regulates pre‐synaptic vesicular dynamics at hippocampal Schaffer collateral synapses and affects contextual fear memory
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Temporal changes in food availability affect foraging success and ultimately reproductive success of animals. They include
both seasonal and annual changes. Although many researchers have investigated food availability and the corresponding ranging
behavior of primates, studies of yearly changes have been limited. We studied the effects of the fruiting of nuts of Fagus crenata, Zelkova serrata, and Torreya nucifera on the ranging behavior of Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) in autumn on Kinkazan Island, northern Japan, for 5 yr between 2000 and 2005 (excluding 2003). We divided the study area
(3.3 km2) into 100 × 100-m quadrats to assess the distribution of nut-rich quadrats that contained high densities of nut-producing
species. The home ranges of the monkeys contained more nut-rich quadrats than expected, and the difference was significant
for 3 of 5 yr. Autumn home-range use was also affected by the distribution of nut production, although the effect differed
by year: monkeys frequently used nut-rich quadrats in a Zelkova-year (2000) and in 1 Torreya-year (2001), whereas they nonselectively used nut-rich quadrats in 2 Fagus-years (2002 and 2005) and in another Torreya-year (2004). Thus, Japanese macaques flexibly change their autumn ranging behavior according to yearly changes in distribution
of nut production. 相似文献
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Shinozuka T Shimada K Matsui S Yamane T Ama M Fukuda T Taki M Takeda Y Otsuka E Yamato M Mochizuki S Ohhata K Naito S 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry》2006,14(20):6789-6806
A novel series of cathepsin K inhibitors derived from Novartis compound I is described. Optimization of the P1, P3, and P1' units led to the identification of 4-aminophenoxyacetic acid 24b with an IC(50) value of 4.8 nM, which possessed an excellent selectivity over other human cathepsins and good pharmacokinetic (PK) properties. Oral administration of compound 24b to ovariectomized (OVX) rats showed a trend toward an improvement of bone mineral density (BMD) in the femur bone. 相似文献
76.
Masahiro Yamasaki Yusuke Kobayashi Kensuke Nakamura Noboru Sasaki Masahiro Murakami Bandula Kumara Wickramasekara Rajapakshage Hiroshi Ohta Osamu Yamato Yoshimitsu Maede Mitsuyoshi Takiguchi 《Experimental parasitology》2011,127(1):119-126
In this study, we attempted to detect Babesia gibsoni in blood smears and formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues obtained from B. gibsoni-infected dogs using in situ hybridization. Using a digoxigenin-conjugated deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) probe, both intraerythrocytic and exoerythrocytic parasites in the culture could be specifically stained in blood smears fixed with 4% phosphate-buffered paraformaldehyde. This indicated that genomic DNA extracted from the parasites could be detected using in situ hybridization. Moreover, the parasite could be specifically stained in paraffin-embedded spleen, lymph node, and kidney sections using in situ hybridization. Infected erythrocytes in blood vessels in the spleen and kidney, hemosiderin-laden macrophages in the spleen, and phagocytized erythrocytes, which seemed to be infected with the parasites, in lymph nodes were also specifically stained. This suggests that in situ hybridization can be utilized to investigate both the life cycle of B. gibsoni and the pathological condition of canine babesiosis. 相似文献
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Hiroshi Ueno Yoshihiro Minagawa Mayu Hara Suhaila Rahman Ichiro Yamato Eiro Muneyuki Hiroyuki Noji Takeshi Murata Ryota Iino 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2014,289(45):31212-31223
V-ATPase (VoV1) converts the chemical free energy of ATP into an ion-motive force across the cell membrane via mechanical rotation. This energy conversion requires proper interactions between the rotor and stator in VoV1 for tight coupling among chemical reaction, torque generation, and ion transport. We developed an Escherichia coli expression system for Enterococcus hirae VoV1 (EhVoV1) and established a single-molecule rotation assay to measure the torque generated. Recombinant and native EhVoV1 exhibited almost identical dependence of ATP hydrolysis activity on sodium ion and ATP concentrations, indicating their functional equivalence. In a single-molecule rotation assay with a low load probe at high ATP concentration, EhVoV1 only showed the “clear” state without apparent backward steps, whereas EhV1 showed two states, “clear” and “unclear.” Furthermore, EhVoV1 showed slower rotation than EhV1 without the three distinct pauses separated by 120° that were observed in EhV1. When using a large probe, EhVoV1 showed faster rotation than EhV1, and the torque of EhVoV1 estimated from the continuous rotation was nearly double that of EhV1. On the other hand, stepping torque of EhV1 in the clear state was comparable with that of EhVoV1. These results indicate that rotor-stator interactions of the Vo moiety and/or sodium ion transport limit the rotation driven by the V1 moiety, and the rotor-stator interactions in EhVoV1 are stabilized by two peripheral stalks to generate a larger torque than that of isolated EhV1. However, the torque value was substantially lower than that of other rotary ATPases, implying the low energy conversion efficiency of EhVoV1. 相似文献
80.
Katagiri F Ishikawa M Yamada Y Hozumi K Kikkawa Y Nomizu M 《Archives of biochemistry and biophysics》2012,521(1-2):32-42
Laminins, a multifunctional protein family of extracellular matrix, interact with various types of integrin. Here, integrin-mediated cell adhesive peptides have been systematically screened in the laminin α4 and α5 chain G domain peptide library consisting of 211 peptides by both the peptide-coated plastic plates and peptide-conjugated Sepharose bead assays using human dermal fibroblasts. Thirteen peptides promoted cell spreading and the activity was specifically inhibited by EDTA. Cell attachment to 11 peptides was inhibited by anti-integrin β1 antibody. Additionally, cell attachment to the A5G81 (AGQWHRVSVRWG) and A5G84 (TWSQKALHHRVP) peptides was specifically inhibited by anti-integrin α3 and α6 antibodies. These results suggest that the A5G81 and A5G84 peptides promote integrin α3β1- and α6β1-mediated cell attachment. Further, most of the integrin-mediated cell adhesive peptides are located in the loop regions in the G domains, suggesting that structure is important for the integrin specific recognition. Integrin binding peptides are useful for understanding laminin functions and have a potential to use for biomaterials and drug development. 相似文献