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11.
12.
Yamaguchi Haruo; Yamaguchi Mineo; Fukami Kimio; Adachi Masao; Nishijima Toshitaka 《Journal of plankton research》2005,27(6):603-606
Utilization of phosphate diester (PDE) and phosphodiesterase(PDEase) production by five marine phytoplankton species wereexamined in the laboratory to evaluate the contribution of PDEto the growth of phytoplankton. Among the five marine phytoplanktonspecies tested, only Chaetoceros ceratosporus was able to usethe PDE compound, bis(p-nitrophenyl) phosphate (bis-NPP), effectivelyas a sole phosphorus source. In addition, C. ceratosporus simultaneouslyproduced both PDEase and alkaline phosphatase (APase) at almostequal activity levels under the phosphate-deficient condition.These results suggest that PDE compounds presumably play animportant role as a phosphorus source for PDEase-producing phytoplanktonin coastal environments. 相似文献
13.
Kazuhiro Yamaguchi Klaus D. Jürgens Heinz Bartels Johannes Piiper 《Journal of comparative physiology. B, Biochemical, systemic, and environmental physiology》1987,157(1):1-9
Summary To estimate the advantage of the small red blood cells (RBC) of high-altitude camelids for O2 transfer, the kinetics of O2 uptake into and release from the RBC obtained from llama, vicuña and alpaca were investigated at 37°C with a stopped-flow technique. O2 transfer conductance of RBC (G) was estimated from the rate of O2 saturation change and the corresponding O2 pressure difference between medium and hemoglobin. For comparison, O2 kinetics for the RBC of a lowaltitude camelid (dromedary camel) and the pygmy goat were determined and previously measured values for human RBC were used. O2 transfer of RBC was found to be strongly influenced by extracellular diffusion, except with O2 release into dithionite solutions of sufficiently high concentration (>30 mM). TheG values measured in these standard conditions,G
st (in mmol · min–1 · Torr–1 · (ml RBC)–1) were: high-altitude camelids, 0.58 (averaged for llama, alpaca and vicuña since there were no significant interspecific differences); camel 0.42; goat, 0.42; man, 0.39. The differences can in part be attributed to expected effects of the size and shape of the RBC (volume, surface area, mean thickness), as well as to the intracellular O2 diffusivity which depends on the concentration of cellular hemoglobin. The highG
st of RBC of highaltitude camelids may be considered to enhance O2 transfer in lungs and tissues. But the O2 transfer conductance of blood, , equal toG
st multiplied by hematocrit (in mmol · min–1 · Torr–1 · (ml blood)–1), was only slightly higher as compared to other species: 0.20 (llama, alpaca, vicuña), 0.14 (camel), 0.18 (goat), 0.17 (man).Abbreviations
DPG
2,3-diphosphoglycerate
-
G
conductance
-
Hb
hemoglobin
-
RBC
red blood cells
-
percent saturation of hemoglobin 相似文献
14.
Katsushi Manabe 《Physiologia plantarum》1987,69(3):413-418
Manabe, K. 1987. Low temperature spectrophotometry of the phototransformation of Pfr to Pr , in pelletable pea phytochrome.
Low temperature spectrophotometry was used to study the phototransformation of Pfr to Pr in 1000–7000 g pelletable fractions extracted from dark grown pea ( Pisum sativum L. cv. Alaska) epicotyls which had been irradiated with red and then far-red light. At -170°C, far-red irradiation of the pelletable phytochrome which had been pre-irradiated with saturating fluence of red light before freezing caused formation of an intermediate (named I660 ), the difference spectrum of which showed a marked ab-sorbance decrease at 740 nm and a concomitant small increase at about 660 nm. The inermediate I660 was converted to another intermediate (I660 ) when it was warmed above -80°C. The difference spectrum of this intermediate showed a positive peak at 670 nm. This intermediate was photoconverted to Pfr by red irradiation and also underwent dark reversion to Pfr at -60°C. I660 formed Pr if the temperature was above -10°C. The basic features of the phytochrome intermediates resemble those obtained in vivo and in degraded purified phytochrome. 相似文献
Low temperature spectrophotometry was used to study the phototransformation of P
15.
The catalase molecule in germinating pumpkin cotyledons is synthesizedas a precursor (59-kDa) form, whose relative molecular massis larger than the mature enzyme (55-kDa). Although both typesof molecules are localized in the microbodies, the 59-kDa specieshas been shown to be present predominantly in the leaf peroxisomesisolated from green cotyledons, while the 55-kDa species ispredominantly in the glyoxysomes from etiolated cotyledons [Yamaguchiet al. (1984) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 81: 4809]. We examinedthe distribution of the 59- and 55-kDa catalase molecules indark- and light-grown tissues of pumpkin seedlings as well asin other plant species, using the immunoblotting technique.The ratios of the 59- and 55-kDa catalase species differed inthe pumpkin tissues examined. Light interferes with the conversionof the 59-kDa precursor to the 55-kDa form, especially in thecotyledons. The effect of light was less pronounced in the rootsand hypocotyls, indicating that the light regulation of theconversion is tissue-specific. Dark- and light-grown cotyledonsfrom cucumber and watermelon seedlings showed a similar lightregulation, suggesting that cucurbitaceous plants possess similarlight-regulatory mechanism. From the analysis of catalase proteinfrom various plant tissues, a limited correlation between molecularforms of catalase and different microbody populations was observed. (Received September 6, 1986; Accepted December 4, 1986) 相似文献
16.
Lipid metabolism in various regions of squid giant nerve fiber 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
The purpose of this investigation was to compare the incorporation of radioactivity from various precursors into lipids of different regions of squid giant nerve fiber systems including axoplasm, axon sheath, giant fiber lobes which contain stellate ganglion cell bodies, and the remaining ganglion including giant synapses. To identify the labeled lipids, stellate ganglia including giant fiber lobes and the remaining tissue were first incubated separately with [14C]glucose, [32P]phosphate, [14C]serine, [14C]acetate and [3H]myristate. The radioactivity from glucose, after conversion to glycerol and fatty acids, was incorporated into most lipids, including triacylglycerol, free fatty acids, cardiolipin, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylserine, sphingomyelin and ceramide 2-aminoethylphosphanate [corrected]. The radioactivity from serine was largely incorporated into phosphatidylserine and, to a lesser extent, into other phospholipids, mainly as the base component. The sphingoid bases of ceramide and sphingomyelin were also significantly labeled. Saturated and monounsaturated and, to a lesser extent, polyunsaturated fatty acids of these lipids were synthesized from acetate, glucose and myristate. Among the major lipids, cholesterol was not labeled by any of the radioactive compounds used. Ganglion residues incorporated the most radioactivity in total lipids from either [14C]glucose or [14C]serine, followed by giant fiber lobes and then sheath. Axoplasm incorporated the least. Among various lipids, phosphatidylethanolamine with shorter saturated fatty acids and phosphatidylglycerol contained the most radioactivity from glucose in all regions. Axoplasm was characterized by a higher proportion of glucose radioactivity in ceramide, sphingomyelin and phosphatidylglycerol. Axoplasm and sheath contained a higher proportion of serine radioactivity than did the other two regions in ceramide. Essentially no radioactivity from [14C]galactose was incorporated in any region. 相似文献
17.
N Yamaguchi D Lamontagne G Boudreau R Nadeau J de Champlain 《Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology》1987,65(11):2244-2253
Effects of yohimbine (YHMB, an alpha 2-antagonist) and desipramine (DMI, a neuronal uptake inhibitor) were compared on cardiac noradrenaline (NA) release either upon left ansa subclavia nerve stimulation during acute occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) or upon subsequent LAD reperfusion without stimulation in anesthetized dogs. In control dogs, before LAD occlusion, coronary sinus (CS) NA output increased from 5.4 +/- 1.0 to 26.8 +/- 4.0 ng/min (p less than 0.05) upon stimulation (2 Hz, 30 s). The response to stimulation remained unchanged 25 min after LAD occlusion. During reperfusion 60 min after occlusion, the output of CS-NA and lactate increased from 6.1 +/- 0.8 to 51.3 +/- 19.4 ng/min (p less than 0.05) and from 2.7 +/- 0.5 to 6.7 +/- 1.3 mg/min (p less than 0.05), respectively. In dogs treated with YHMB, the stimulation-induced increase in NA output was potentiated at least fourfold (p less than 0.05) either before or during LAD occlusion, but not during reperfusion. In dogs receiving DMI, stimulation-induced CS-NA output was enhanced to a similar extent (approximately twofold, p less than 0.05) either before or during occlusion, while reperfusion-induced NA output was markedly potentiated by approximately ninefold (p less than 0.05). Maximum dP/dt of left ventricular pressure remained unchanged upon reperfusion in all groups. The total arrhythmic ratio in the drug-treated groups did not significantly differ from the ratio in control dogs upon either stimulation or reperfusion. The data suggest that an abrupt increase in NA output upon reperfusion may result from a washout of NA locally accumulated in the ischemic and (or) peri-ischemic region during the preceding occlusion period, and that NA thus released does not have substantial hemodynamic effects. The results indicate that in the presence of YHMB or DMI, the potentiated increase in NA release in response to either nerve stimulation during LAD occlusion or to reperfusion without stimulation did not aggravate ventricular arrhythmia, most probably owing to the antiarrhythmic properties of these substances. 相似文献
18.
Isolation and expression of an anther-specific gene from tomato 总被引:31,自引:0,他引:31
David Twell Rod Wing Judy Yamaguchi Sheila McCormick 《Molecular & general genetics : MGG》1989,217(2-3):240-245
19.
Transgenic tobacco resistant to a bacterial disease by the detoxification of a pathogenic toxin 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Hiroyuki Anzai Katsuyoshi Yoneyama Isamu Yamaguchi 《Molecular & general genetics : MGG》1989,219(3):492-494
Summary Some plant pathogens produce toxins which cause disease in infected plants. One of the pathogenic toxins, tabtoxin, is produced by Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci, which causes wildfire of tobacco. A tabtoxin resistance gene (ttr) coding for an acetyltransferase isolated from Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci was fused to the 35S promoter of the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) to construct a chimeric gene for introduction into tobacco cells by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The transgenic tobacco plants showed high specific-expression of the ttr gene and no chlorotic symptoms caused by tabtoxin treatment or with infection by Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci. These results demonstrate a successful approach to obtain disease-resistant plants by detoxification of the pathogenic toxins which play an important role in pathogenesis. 相似文献
20.
The changes of dominance rank among female Japanese monkeys of the Koshima group over a period of 29 years from 1957 were
studied. The dominance rank order was relatively stable in the early population growing phase, while large scale-changes of
dominance rank order occurred successively in the phase of population decrease brought about by the severe control of artificial
feeding after 1972. Nevertheless, the rank order of several females of the highest status was stable. Furthermore, the reproductive
success of these highest status females was high (Mori, 1979a;Watanabe et al., in prep.). Divergence of the dominance rank order fromKawamura's rules (Kawamura, 1958) was observed in the following respects: (1) Some females significantly elevated their rank depending on the leader
males. (2) If mothers died when their daughters were still juveniles or nulliparous, the dominance rank of some of these offspring
females was significantly lower than the mother's one. However 55% of daughters which lost their mothers at a young age inherited
the mother's rank. (3) Dominance among sisters whose mother had died when at least one of the daughters was under 6 years
old followed the rule of youngest ascendancy in 60% (Kawamura, 1958), and in 80% when both of the daughters were nulliparous at the mother's death.
The mean rate of aggressive interactions for each female with subordinates to her was calculated by dividing the total aggressive
interactions between the female in question and her subordinates by the number of subordinate females to the female in question.
A female which showed a high rate of aggressive interactions with her subordinates was categorized as an “Attacker”, and a
female showing a lower rate was categorized as a “Non-attacker”. Similarly, categories of “Attacked”, and “Non-attacked” were
distinguished by using the rate of aggressive interactions with dominant females. Several females which were once categorized
in one category in a year were repeatedly categorized in the same category over different years. The “Attacked” tended to
be females of higher rank, and “Non-attackers” tended to be females of lower rank. “The second-higher-status females”, were
“Attacked”, and their rank was unstable. In particular, females of lower rank within the lineage of the highest rank suffered
this kind of severe status. Most of the daughters of these females showed a sharp drop of rank, and died when they were still
at a young age, i.e. “the second-higher-status females” displayed low fitness. “Non-attackers” were significantly “Non-attacked”;
i.e. they were females which showed a non-social attitude. Females which underwent a drop of rank tended to be “Non-attackers”.
The most important factor which determined the females' rank was the memory of their dominance relations under the influence
of their mother [dependent rank (Kawai, 1958)] in their early life during development. This finding corresponds well with the results in baboons obtained byWalter (1980); the target females of aggressive interactions by adolescent females were determined by the rank of the mothers when
these adolescent females were born. 相似文献