DNMT3b SUMOylation Mediated MMP-2 Upregulation Contribute to Paclitaxel Induced Neuropathic Pain

Neurochemical Research - Paclitaxel is a common chemotherapeutic agent in cancer treatment, while it often causes chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN), which...     

Gibberellin-Induced Alterations to the Expression of Cell Wall-Related Genes in the Xylem of Carrot Root

Journal of Plant Growth Regulation - Gibberellins (GAs) are a group of plant hormones that play important roles in various processes. Previous studies demonstrated that GA can increase the...     

Extracellular HMGB1 augments macrophage inflammation by facilitating the endosomal accumulation of ALD-DNA via TLR2/4-mediated endocytosis

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease with unclear pathogenesis. We previously reported that syngenetic, activated lymphocyte-derived DNA (ALD-DNA) could robustly elicit macrophage activation, which plays an important role in the pathogenesis of murine lupus nephritis. In addition, extracellular HMGB1 obviously facilitated the accumulation of ALD-DNA in endosomes and promoted macrophage inflammation. While the detailed mechanism was still unknown. In this study, we found that HMGB1 could obviously change the DNA uptake pathways in macrophages. ALD-DNA alone was mainly uptake by the low efficient and unselective macropinocytosis, while extracellular HMGB1 potently promoted the more efficient and specific clathrin-/caveolin-1-dependent receptor-mediated endocytosis pathways, and led to the rapid and abundant aggregation of ALD-DNA in endosomes. This effect relied on the DNA binding ability and TLR2/TLR4 of HMGB1. Our study not only helped us to understand the promotion mechanisms of extracellular HMGB1 on ALD-DNA-induced macrophage inflammation, but also provided some clues to the pathogenesis of SLE.     

Modelling the effect of birth and feeding modes on the development of human gut microbiota

The human gut microbiota is transmitted from mother to infant through vaginal birth and breastfeeding. Bifidobacterium, a genus that dominates the infants’ gut, is adapted to breast milk in its ability to metabolize human milk oligosaccharides; it is regarded as a mutualist owing to its involvement in the development of the immune system. The composition of microbiota, including the abundance of Bifidobacteria, is highly variable between individuals and some microbial profiles are associated with diseases. However, whether and how birth and feeding practices contribute to such variation remains unclear. To understand how early events affect the establishment of microbiota, we develop a mathematical model of two types of Bifidobacteria and a generic compartment of commensal competitors. We show how early events affect competition between mutualists and commensals and microbe-host-immune interactions to cause long-term alterations in gut microbial profiles. Bifidobacteria associated with breast milk can trigger immune responses with lasting effects on the microbial community structure. Our model shows that, in response to a change in birth environment, competition alone can produce two distinct microbial profiles post-weaning. Adding immune regulation to our competition model allows for variations in microbial profiles in response to different feeding practices. This analysis highlights the importance of microbe–microbe and microbe–host interactions in shaping the gut populations following different birth and feeding modes.     

防除狼毒对狼毒斑块植物-土壤C、N、P化学计量特征的影响

使用化学除草剂防除狼毒能有效遏制狼毒种群的扩张,对于防除狼毒后狼毒斑块的植被和土壤生态化学计量特征的研究鲜有报道。基于此,本研究运用生态化学计量学的原理、方法,以分枝数相同的单株狼毒（Stellera chamaejasme）斑块为研究对象,通过化学药剂防除狼毒后,分析狼毒斑块内外植物-土壤C、N、P含量及其比值的变化,探讨植物和土壤化学计量特征的内在联系以及狼毒斑块的养分循环规律,为狼毒型退化草地的生态恢复及利用提供参考。结果表明：防除狼毒后禾本科生物量有所增加,豆科和杂类草地上生物量显著低于狼毒斑块内（P<0.05）。不同狼毒斑块的豆科植物N含量和杂类草P含量最高,防除狼毒后植物C、N含量高于其他斑块;禾本科P含量为狼毒斑块外显著高于狼毒斑块内（P<0.05）;狼毒斑块内外莎草科C∶N显著高于防除狼毒（P<0.05）;莎草科和豆科C∶P和N∶P为防除狼毒显著高于狼毒斑块内和狼毒斑块外（P<0.05）,杂类草C∶P和N∶P为防除狼毒显著高于狼毒斑块外（P<0.05）,禾本科C∶P为狼毒斑块内显著高于防除狼毒和狼毒斑块外（P<0.05）。不同狼毒斑块土壤C、P含量以及C∶P表现为狼毒斑块内>狼毒斑块外>防除狼毒,N含量和N∶P为防除狼毒>狼毒斑块内>狼毒斑块外,C∶N表现为狼毒斑块内和狼毒斑块外显著高于防除狼毒（P<0.05）。冗余分析（RDA）结果显示植物与土壤的C,C∶N,C∶P,N∶P两两显著正相关,N,P两两显著负相关,且防除狼毒后对植物和土壤的N含量,N∶P以及植物P含量影响较大。     

基于高分辨率遥感影像的北亚热带森林生物量反演

以北亚热带湖北省太子山林场为研究对象,基于高空间分辨率GF-2与SPOT-6卫星影像,提取不同窗口大小下的纹理信息与光谱信息,利用随机森林回归算法,并结合野外实测106块样地的生物量数据,建立不同影像下的太子山林场森林生物量反演模型。结果显示：（1） GF-2和SPOT-6虽然空间分辨率有差异,但是从其不同波段反射率的相关系数（0.75、0.78、0.73、0.61）发现,两种影像的波段反射率具有较高的相关性,说明两者的辐射性能相近;（2）通过分析不同纹理特征对生物量模型的影响,发现均值和对比度纹理参数对生物量反演具有很好的效果。（3）高分辨率的遥感数据在生物量反演中具有较好的表现,且GF-2生物量模型精度（R²=0.88,RMSE=27.11 Mg/hm²）与SPOT-6生物量模型的精度（R²=0.89,RMSE=23.93 Mg/hm²）相近。（4）两种影像对不同森林类型的生物量预测值不存在显著差异,都适合对不同林分类型的生物量进行预测。     

脆弱拟杆菌BF839治疗寻常型银屑病：一项单臂、开放初步临床试验

银屑病被认为是一种T细胞主导的炎症性疾病,其发病与肠道菌群失调密切相关。脆弱拟杆菌 (Bacteroides fragilis,BF) 可通过调节T细胞的细胞因子表达起抗炎作用。目前尚无脆弱拟杆菌用于治疗银屑病的相关报道,文中率先探究脆弱拟杆菌BF839对银屑病的治疗效果。选择2019年4月至2019年10月广州医科大学附属第二医院就诊的27例银屑病患者,维持原治疗不变,口服脆弱拟杆菌BF839 12周,对比治疗前后银屑病皮损面积与严重程度指数 (Psoriasis area and severity index,PASI) 评分,统计治疗12周后药物减停率。结果表明,12周试验完成率为96.3% (26/27),12周PASI30 (PASIN定义为治疗后PASI评分下降≥N%的患者比例) 为65.4%,PASI50为42.3%,PASI75为19.2%;治疗前PASI评分为9.1±5.9,治疗12周后PASI评分为5.8±4.9,具有显著统计学差异 (P<0.01);治疗12周后皮肤瘙痒程度用视觉模拟量表 (Visual analog scale,VAS) 评分有效率为42.3%,治疗前VAS评分为2.9±2.2,治疗12周后VAS评分为2.3±2.1,无显著统计学差异 (P>0.05)。患者治疗12周内不良反应率为3.8% (1/26),其中便秘1例,药物减停率为60.0%。以上结果提示脆弱拟杆菌BF839可能对银屑病治疗有一定疗效,可降低PASI评分及药物使用率,不良反应少,值得进一步研究。     

组织工程细胞片的构建

作为一种无支架的组织工程技术,组织工程细胞片不仅可以避免支架材料带来的不利影响,而且可通过组装进一步形成更为复杂的三维功能化组织,因而在生物医学领域备受关注。细胞片的构建主要是基于敏感性材料所构建的培养基底,通过改变温度、酶、光、离子、氧化还原pH、糖等刺激因素,调节基底对细胞的粘附行为使细胞发生自然脱附,从而获取细胞片。近年来,随着研究的深入进行,特别是各种新型的敏感性培养基底的不断发展,各种简单高效的细胞片构建技术不断涌现,得到的各种具有优良性能的细胞片极大地扩展了其应用的广度和深度。文中对组织工程细胞片的各种构建方法进行了阐述,对其存在的问题及发展前景进行了分析和展望。