The Association of Receptor of Activated Protein Kinase C 1(RACK1) with Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Viral Protein VP5 and Voltage-dependent Anion Channel 2 (VDAC2) Inhibits Apoptosis and Enhances Viral Replication

Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is an acute, highly contagious, and immunosuppressive avian disease caused by IBD virus (IBDV). Our previous report indicates that IBDV VP5 induces apoptosis via interaction with voltage-dependent anion channel 2 (VDAC2). However, the underlying molecular mechanism is still unclear. We report here that receptor of activated protein kinase C 1 (RACK1) interacts with both VDAC2 and VP5 and that they could form a complex. We found that overexpression of RACK1 inhibited IBDV-induced apoptosis in DF-1 cells and that knockdown of RACK1 by small interfering RNA induced apoptosis associated with activation of caspases 9 and 3 and suppressed IBDV growth. These results indicate that RACK1 plays an antiapoptotic role during IBDV infection via interaction with VDAC2 and VP5, suggesting that VP5 sequesters RACK1 and VDAC2 in the apoptosis-inducing process.     

禽网状内皮组织增殖病病毒gp90蛋白单克隆抗体的制备及其识别区分析

为了制备禽网状内皮组织增殖病病毒(REV)gp90蛋白的单克隆抗体,应用His-gp90融合蛋白免疫BALB/c小鼠,取免疫鼠的脾细胞与骨髓瘤细胞(SP2/0)进行融合,经过筛选、3次亚克隆后获得3株稳定分泌抗REV-gp90蛋白的单克隆抗体杂交瘤细胞株,分别命名为3G5-B8、3G5-A10和1G12。经间接ELISA(Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay)方法检测,单克隆抗体的亲和力解离常数(Kd)分别为6.483×10–10、4.844×10–10和9.330×10–10,3株单抗的亚型分别为Ig G1、Ig G1和Ig G2b。经Western blotting和间接免疫荧光实验检测,3株单抗均能识别REV感染DF-1细胞后产生的gp90蛋白。以Western blotting方法利用单抗检测不同截短的gp90蛋白,初步确定3G5-B8和3G5-A10 2株单抗抗原识别区均位于gp90蛋白第200-245位氨基酸,而1G12株单抗识别区包含第230-235位氨基酸。这些单抗为REV的诊断和致病机理研究奠定了基础。     

Differential Sensitivities of Fast- and Slow-Cycling Cancer Cells to Inosine Monophosphate Dehydrogenase 2 Inhibition by Mycophenolic Acid

As uncontrolled cell proliferation requires nucleotide biosynthesis, inhibiting enzymes that mediate nucleotide biosynthesis constitutes a rational approach to the management of oncological diseases. In practice, however, results of this strategy are mixed and thus elucidation of the mechanisms by which cancer cells evade the effect of nucleotide biosynthesis restriction is urgently needed. Here we explored the notion that intrinsic differences in cancer cell cycle velocity are important in the resistance toward inhibition of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) by mycophenolic acid (MPA). In short-term experiments, MPA treatment of fast-growing cancer cells effectively elicited G0/G1 arrest and provoked apoptosis, thus inhibiting cell proliferation and colony formation. Forced expression of a mutated IMPDH2, lacking a binding site for MPA but retaining enzymatic activity, resulted in complete resistance of cancer cells to MPA. In nude mice subcutaneously engrafted with HeLa cells, MPA moderately delayed tumor formation by inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis. Importantly, we developed a lentiviral vector–based Tet-on label-retaining system that enables to identify, isolate and functionally characterize slow-cycling or so-called label-retaining cells (LRCs) in vitro and in vivo. We surprisingly found the presence of LRCs in fast-growing tumors. LRCs were superior in colony formation, tumor initiation and resistance to MPA as compared with fast-cycling cells. Thus, the slow-cycling compartment of cancer seems predominantly responsible for resistance to MPA.