紫色土流域次降雨条件下碳、磷非点源输出过程及其流失负荷

通过对位于川中丘陵区的紫色土流域在次降雨过程中溶解态有机碳(DOC)和不同形态磷素的输出进行动态监测,分析降雨过程DOC和P输出负荷,并探讨降雨径流对C、P迁移和水环境的影响。研究结果表明:(1)3次降雨共产生地表径流20399.8 m3,碳、磷输出负荷为83.19 kg和5.1 kg,次降雨过程径流C、P输出动态差异较大,其中径流DOC浓度随降雨历时的延长而降低,随后迅速升高,在达峰值后逐渐降低并趋于平稳。(2)降雨径流过程中磷素迁移主要以颗粒态(PP)为主,磷酸盐(PO3-4-P)是径流溶解态总磷(DTP)的主要存在形式,3次降雨PP输出负荷分别为1167.491、1891.331、984.74 g;PO3-4-P输出负荷分别为108.37、338.8、167.79 g。(3)3次降雨径流DOC输出浓度分别为3.37、4.77、6.97 mg/L,总磷(Total phosphorus,TP)输出浓度分别为0.11、0.43、0.74 mg/L;次降雨径流C/P比分别为192、48和42.1,相比于暴雨而言,大雨和中雨带来的水质问题需引起关注。     

Effect of operating modes on simultaneous anaerobic sulfide and nitrate removal in microbial fuel cell

The effect of operating modes on the simultaneous sulfide and nitrate removal were studied in two-chamber microbial fuel cells (MFCs). The batch and continuous operating modes were compared and evaluated in terms of substrate removal and electricity generation. Upon gradual increase in the influent sulfide concentration from 60 to 1,020 S mg L^?1, and the hydraulic retention time decrease from 17.2 to 6 h, the MFC accomplished a good substrate removal efficiency whereby nitrogen and sulfate were the main end products. The removal efficiency of the MFC in the continuous mode was much higher than that in the batch mode, and its current densities in the continuous mode were more stable and higher than in the batch mode, which could be explained by the linear relationship between electrons released by the substrates and accepted on the electrodes. The electricity output in the continuous mode of the MFC was higher than that in the batch mode. MFC's operation in the continuous mode was a better strategy for the simultaneous treatment of sulfide and nitrate.     

Structural and molecular characterization of Shigella boydii type 16 O antigen

Shigella is a well-known human pathogen causing dysentery and their typing is solely based on the O antigens. We investigated the chemical structure and gene cluster of Shigella boydii type 16 O antigen. As judged by sugar and methylation analyses along with NMR spectroscopy data, the O antigen has an O-acetylated branched pentasaccharide repeating O unit, which consists of two D-mannose residues (D-Man), one residue each of d-glucuronic acid (D-GlcA), N-acetylglucosamine (D-GlcNAc) and D-galactose (D-Gal), and the structure of the O unit was established. The O antigen gene cluster of S. boydii type 16 was identified and shown to contain putative genes for the synthesis of GDP-D-Man, genes encoding sugar transferases, O unit flippase (Wzx) and O antigen polymerase (Wzy) as expected. The function of the wzy gene was characterized by mutation test. Genes specific to S. boydii type 16 O antigen gene cluster were identified by screening 186 Escherichia coli and Shigella type strains, and can be used to develop PCR assays for detection of type 16 strains.     

Loss of the flagellum happened only once in the fungal lineage: phylogenetic structure of Kingdom Fungi inferred from RNA polymerase II subunit genes

Background  

At present, there is not a widely accepted consensus view regarding the phylogenetic structure of kingdom Fungi although two major phyla, Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, are clearly delineated. Regarding the lower fungi, Zygomycota and Chytridiomycota, a variety of proposals have been advanced. Microsporidia may or may not be fungi; the Glomales (vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi) may or may not constitute a fifth fungal phylum, and the loss of the flagellum may have occurred either once or multiple times during fungal evolution. All of these issues are capable of being resolved by a molecular phylogenetic analysis which achieves strong statistical support for major branches. To date, no fungal phylogeny based upon molecular characters has satisfied this criterion.     

牛骨髓间充质干细胞的分离培养和初步鉴定

本试验采用全骨髓法和密度梯度离心法来分离纯化和体外培养牛骨髓间充质干细胞,并研究了不同培养基和血清对BMSCs的生长的影响以及对牛骨髓间充质干细胞的初步鉴定。结果表明,全骨髓法和密度梯度离心法均可获得纯化度较高的牛骨髓间充质干细胞,并且能够分化为脂肪样细胞,为利用MSCs作为种子细胞治疗多种疾病提供试验基础,同时可以利用骨髓间充质干细胞作为核供体进行核移植的研究和动物遗传资源的保存。     

Draft Genome Sequence of Serratia marcescens Strain LCT-SM213

Serratia marcescens is a species of Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium of the family Enterobacteriaceae. S. marcescens can cause nosocomial infections, particularly catheter-associated bacteremia, urinary tract infections, and wound infections. Here, we present the draft genome sequence of Serratia marcescens strain LCT-SM213, which was isolated from CGMCC 1.1857.     

Casein Kinase 2 Promotes Hedgehog Signaling by Regulating both Smoothened and Cubitus Interruptus

Casein kinase 2 (CK2) is a typical serine/threonine kinase consisting of α and β subunits and has been implicated in many cellular and developmental processes. In this study, we demonstrate that CK2 is a positive regulator of the Hedgehog (Hh) signal transduction pathway. We found that inactivation of CK2 by CK2β RNAi enhances the loss-of-Hh wing phenotype induced by a dominant negative form of Smoothened (Smo). CK2β RNAi attenuates Hh-induced Smo accumulation and down-regulates Hh target gene expression, whereas increasing CK2 activity by coexpressing CK2α and CK2β increases Smo accumulation and induces ectopic Hh target gene expression. We identified the serine residues in Smo that can be phosphorylated by CK2 in vitro. Mutating these serine residues attenuates the ability of Smo to transduce high level Hh signaling activity in vivo. Furthermore, we found that CK2 plays an additional positive role downstream of Smo by regulating the stability of full-length Cubitus interruptus (Ci). CK2β RNAi promotes Ci degradation whereas coexpressing CK2α and CK2β increases the half-life of Ci. We showed that CK2 prevents Ci ubiquitination and degradation by the proteasome. Thus, CK2 promotes Hh signaling activity by regulating multiple pathway components.     

p21-activated Kinase 4 Phosphorylation of Integrin β5 Ser-759 and Ser-762 Regulates Cell Migration

Modulation of integrin αvβ5 regulates vascular permeability, angiogenesis, and tumor dissemination. In addition, we previously found a role for p21-activated kinase 4 (PAK4) in selective regulation of integrin αvβ5-mediated cell motility (Zhang, H., Li, Z., Viklund, E. K., and Strömblad, S. (2002) J. Cell Biol. 158, 1287–1297). This report focuses on the molecular mechanisms of this regulation. We here identified a unique PAK4-binding membrane-proximal integrin β5-SERS-motif involved in controlling cell attachment and migration. We also mapped the integrin β5-binding site within PAK4. We found that PAK4 binding to integrin β5 was not sufficient to promote cell migration, but that PAK4 kinase activity was required for PAK4 promotion of cell motility. Importantly, PAK4 specifically phosphorylated the integrin β5 subunit at Ser-759 and Ser-762 within the β5-SERS-motif. Point mutation of these two serine residues abolished the PAK4-induced cell migration, indicating a functional role for these phosphorylations in migration. Our results may give important leads to the functional regulation of integrin αvβ5, with implications for vascular permeability, angiogenesis, and cancer dissemination.