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Köklü Y Aşçi A Koçak FU Alemdaroğlu U Dündar U 《Journal of strength and conditioning research / National Strength & Conditioning Association》2011,25(6):1522-1528
The purpose of this study was to compare the blood lactate (La-), heart rate (HR) and percentage of maximum HR (%HRmax) responses among the small-sided games (SSGs) in elite young soccer players. Sixteen players (average age 15.7 6 0.4 years; height 176.8 6 4.6 cm; body mass 65.5 6 5.6 kg; VO2max 53.1 6 5.9 ml · kg(-1) · min(-1); HRmax 195.9 6 7.4 b · min(-1)) volunteered to perform the YoYo intermittent recovery test and 6 bouts of soccer drills including 1-a-side, 2-a-side, 3-a-side, and 4-a-side games without a goalkeeper in random order at 2-day intervals. The differences in La-, HR and%HRmax either among the SSGs or among the bouts were identified using 4 x 6 (games x exercise bouts) 2-way analysis of variance with repeated measures. Significant differences were found on La-, HR, and %HRmax among the bouts (p ≤ 0.05). The 3-a-side and 4-a-side games were significantly higher than 1-a-side and 2-a-side games on HR and %HRmax (p ≤ 0.05), whereas the 1-a-side game significantly resulted in higher La- responses compared to other SSGs. This study demonstrated that physiological responses during the 1-a-side and 2-a-side games were different compared to 3-a-side and 4-a-side games. Therefore, it can be concluded that a decreased number of players results in increased intensity during SSGs including 6 bouts. These results suggest that coaches should pay attention on choosing the SSG type and the number of bouts to improve desired physical conditioning of elite young soccer players in soccer training. 相似文献
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Yagmur Turgay Lysie Champion Csaba Balazs Michael Held Alberto Toso Daniel W. Gerlich Patrick Meraldi Ulrike Kutay 《The Journal of cell biology》2014,204(7):1099-1109
SUN proteins reside in the inner nuclear membrane and form complexes with KASH proteins of the outer nuclear membrane that connect the nuclear envelope (NE) to the cytoskeleton. These complexes have well-established functions in nuclear anchorage and migration in interphase, but little is known about their involvement in mitotic processes. Our analysis demonstrates that simultaneous depletion of human SUN1 and SUN2 delayed removal of membranes from chromatin during NE breakdown (NEBD) and impaired the formation of prophase NE invaginations (PNEIs), similar to microtubule depolymerization or down-regulation of the dynein cofactors NudE/EL. In addition, overexpression of dominant-negative SUN and KASH constructs reduced the occurrence of PNEI, indicating a requirement for functional SUN–KASH complexes in NE remodeling. Codepletion of SUN1/2 slowed cell proliferation and resulted in an accumulation of morphologically defective and disoriented mitotic spindles. Quantification of mitotic timing revealed a delay between NEBD and chromatin separation, indicating a role of SUN proteins in bipolar spindle assembly and mitotic progression. 相似文献
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Nehir Unver 《Phytochemistry Reviews》2007,6(1):125-135
The Amaryllidaceae alkaloids, represent a group of isoquinoline alkaloids, which are produced almost solely by members of
the Amaryllidaceae family. The alkaloids of this family have attracted considerable amount of interest due to some important
pharmacological activities they were shown to possess. In the last decade, our phytochemical studies on four Galanthus (Amaryllidaceae) species of Turkish origin have yielded quite a number of new alkaloids with diverse structures. Among these
alkaloids, gracilines and plicamines constitute two new subgroups for the Amaryllidaceae alkaloids. The gracilines contain
an incorporated 10b,4a-ethanoiminodibenzo[b,d]pyrane skeleton. The plicamines are dinitrogenous compounds, where the oxygen atom in position 7 of a tazettine skeleton
is replaced by a nitrogen atom substituted by a pendant 4-hydroxyphenethyl moiety. One of the new alkaloids, galanthindole,
which possesses a nonfused indole ring, unlike the already known subgroups of Amaryllidaceae alkaloids, may be considered
as the prototype of a third new subgroup of the Amaryllidaceae alkaloids. Additionally, two known isoquinoline alkaloids which
do not possess one of the established skeletons of the Amaryllidaceae alkaloids, namely ( − )-capnoidine and (+)-bulbocapnine,
have been isolated from a Turkish Galanthus species. Totally, 21 new, 20 known alkaloids and 2 known lignans have been characterized. In this review, the isolation and
structure elucidation of these compounds with interesting chemical structures are described. 相似文献
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