Complete amino acid sequence of the human progesterone receptor deduced from cloned cDNA

A lambda gt10 library containing DNAs complementary to messenger RNAs from human breast cancer T47-D cells was constructed and screened with a cDNA probe encoding the rabbit progesterone receptor. Four overlapping clones have been sequenced. The open reading frame corresponds to a protein of 933 amino acids with a molecular weight of 98,868 Da. The cysteine rich basic region supposed to be involved in DNA binding is completely homologous in the human and rabbit receptors, whereas the C-terminal end, where hormone binding is thought to take place, differs by a single amino acid change. The human progesterone receptor is characterized, as is the rabbit receptor, by the very high proline content of its N-terminal region. When mRNAs from either human breast cancer cell lines T47-D and MCF-7 or from normal human uterus tissue were blotted and probed with the cloned cDNA, four main bands were observed (5100, 4300, 3700, and 2900 nucleotides).     

Interaction of glucocorticoid · receptor complexes with rat liver nuclei

Some previous reports on acellular binding of glucocorticoid · receptor complexes to rat liver nuclei have pointed to the conclusion that there exists a small number of high affinity nuclear “receptor” sites. Various investigations lead us to the opposite conclusion and suggest that these results were actually due to the presence, in the cytosol, of one or several macromolecules which inhibited the binding to nuclei of steroid · receptor complexes. The mechanism of this inhibition was examined. It appeared to be due not to a competition between both molecules for the same nuclear acceptor site but to an interaction in the cytosol between teh inhibitor and the steroid · receptor complex which prevented the binding of the latter to the nuclei. The search for high affinity specific acceptor sites was also negative for physiological saline conditions and for the non-salt-extractable fraction of the nuclear receptor. When 940-fold purified receptor · steroid complexes were used, very high concentrations of complexes could be achieved and saturation of nuclei was then observed, but only under physiological ionic strength conditions. However, the interaction was of relatively low affinity (K_A = 3.8 · 10⁷ M^?1) and to a great number of acceptor sites (N = 26.2 pmol/mg DNA), largely exceeding the cellular concentration of receptor (5.8 pmol/mg DNA).These results suggested that saturation of nuclei by steroid · receptor complexes should not occur in the intact liver cell. They were confirmed by studies on the distribution of steroid · receptor complexes in liver slices incubated with various concentrations of [³H]dexamethasone. For all hormone concentrations a constant proportion (90%) of the complexes was found in the nuclei, thus showing no saturation of the nuclear acceptor sites.     

早幼粒细胞白血病基因结构域诱饵载体的构建及鉴定

目的研究早幼粒细胞白血病基因（promyelocytic leukemia,PML）中含环指／B—BOX结构与含coiled—coil结构的两个结构域的功能,构建含其结构域序列的诱饵表达载体,为进一步应用酵母双杂交系统筛选与之相互作用的蛋白建立实验基础。方法PCR扩增PML的两个结构域序列,克隆人诱饵载体pG—BKT7中,经测序鉴定后,将诱饵载体转化到酵母细胞AH109中,检测诱饵蛋白有无毒性,渗漏和自激活作用,同时利用蛋白印迹法分析诱饵蛋白的表达。结果成功扩增了PML两个结构域的基因片段,并正确克隆入pGBKT7中。诱饵载体成功转化到酵母细胞AH109中,其中一个诱饵蛋白BD—PML—B无毒性,但具有渗漏和自激活作用,另一个诱饵蛋白BD—PML—C无毒性,渗漏和自激活作用,蛋白印迹法分析证实酵母细胞表达诱饵蛋白。结论含环指／B—BOX的结构域具有转录因子活性,全长PML的转录活性与之有关;成功构建了含coiled—coil结构的PML结合域的酵母诱饵表达载体,为运用酵母双杂交技术筛选与之作用的蛋白并探讨其功能奠定了基础。     

Probes of inhibition of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Escherichia coli</Emphasis> F<Subscript>1</Subscript>-ATPase by 7-chloro-4-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazole in the presence of MgADP and MgATP support a bi-site mechanism of ATP hydrolysis by the enzyme

Binding of MgADP and MgATP to Escherichia coli F₁-ATPase (EcF₁) has been assessed by their effects on extent of the enzyme inhibition by 7-chloro-4-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazole (NBD-Cl). MgADP at low concentrations (K _d 1.3 μM) promotes the inhibition, whereas at higher concentrations (K _d 0.7 mM) EcF₁ is protected from inhibition. The mutant βY331W-EcF₁ requires much higher MgADP, K _d of about 10 mM, for protection. Such MgADP binding was not revealed by fluorescence quenching measurements. MgATP partially protects EcF1 from inactivation by NBD-Cl, but the enzyme remains sensitive to NBD-Cl in the presence of MgATP at concentrations as high as 10 mM. The activating anion selenite in the absence of MgATP partially protects EcF₁ from inhibition by NBD-Cl. A complete protection of EcF₁ from inhibition by NBD-Cl has been observed in the presence of both MgATP and selenite. The results support a bi-site catalytic mechanism for MgATP hydrolysis by F₁-ATPases and suggest that stimulation of the enzyme activity by activating anions is due to the anion binding to a catalytic site that remains unoccupied at saturating substrate concentration.