hTRT反义基因转染对人结肠癌细胞生长的抑制作用

利用基因重组技术,hTRT基因反向插入真核表达载体pcDNA3．0,获得重组体pcDRTRT,通过脂质体法导入人结肠癌细胞株SW-111C,获得稳定转染细胞系,即反义细胞,该细胞易脱落,出现明显生长抑制现象;失去叠落生长能力;流式细胞仪(FCM)证实导入反义hTRT后,G0/1期细胞增加,G2M和S期细胞减少,增殖指数(PI)降低;且不能在软琼脂中形成集落;并发现反义细胞中hTRT表达水平明显下降。说明反义hTRT基因体外导入结肠在细胞株SW-111C可以明显降低端粒酶活性,抑制结肠癌细胞的生长、增殖且能使其恶性表型发生逆转。     

The cell cycle related apoptotic susceptibility to arsenic trioxide is associated with the level of reactive oxygen species

Double staining flow cytometry was performed using 7-amino actinomycin D and 6-carboxy-2‘,7‘-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate, to detect the level fluctuation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during the cell cycle of normal NB4 cells. Our results showed that NB4 cells possessed higher level of ROS in G2/M phase than in G1 and S phases. Double staining flow cytometry, with TdT mediated dUTP nick end labeling (Tunel) and propidium iodide(PI), indicated that As2O3 (2μM) could induce apoptosis in NB4 cells prevailingly from G2/M phase, and this efficacy was enhanced upon co-administration of 2, 3-dimethoxy-1, 4-naphthoquinone (DMNQ) (2.5μM) which could produce the endogenous ROS. These results suggested that different ROS level in different cell cycle phases of NB4 cells might determin the selective induction of G2/M apoptosis and the cells‘ susceptibility to apoptosis by As2O3.     

大黄素提高HeLa细胞对三氧化二砷促凋亡敏感性的研究

活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)在三氧化二砷(arsenic trioxide,As2O3)诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡中扮演重要角色。本研究用一种天然蒽醌类物质——大黄素(emodin)作为提高HeLa细胞ROS水平的手段,考察其对As2O3促凋亡敏感性的影响,并探究可能涉及的信号传导机制。结果显示大黄素10μmol／L提高ROS并增加了HeLa细胞在As2O32μmol／L作用下的凋亡率,对正常成纤维细胞却无影响。该联合作用可以促进HeLa细胞线粒体跨膜电位降低;抑制转录因子NF-κB激活。本研究提示：大黄素通过提高ROS介导凋亡信号传导的增强和生存信号传导的抑制,增加HeLa细胞对As2O3促凋亡的敏感性。     

中国麦红吸浆虫(双翅目：瘿蚊科)不同地理种群的遗传结构

采用RAPD方法测定分析了我国麦红吸浆虫Sitodiplosis mosellana (Gehin) 10个地理种群的遗传结构。结果表明：5种引物在10个种群中共产生了326个RAPD标记,各地理种群之间没有产生各自的特征标记;不同种群间的遗传相似程度与其地理间距呈反比;种群内的遗传相似程度比种群间的高;利用UPGMA法可将其聚为冬麦区和春麦区两大类群。     

β-葡萄糖苷酶的分离纯化和性质研究

β－葡萄糖苷酶是纤维素酶的重要组分之一,它不仅可水解纤维二糖和寡糖,更可解除纤维二糖对β－１,４－内切葡聚糖酶和外切葡聚糖酶的抑制,提高水解速率和程度．利用ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＧ－１５０和ＤＥＡＥ－ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＡ－５０层析法从黑曲霉变异株Ｌ－２２中分离提纯了β－葡萄糖苷酶,该酶是由两个分子量相同的亚基组成的二聚体,每个亚基分子量为２０３ｋＤ．该酶最适ｐＨ为４．８,ｐＨ稳定范围在３．６～６．４;最适温度是６０℃,温度稳定范围为４～６０℃;酶分子含糖量为８．３５％．它是一个酸性β－葡萄糖苷水解酶,专一性地水解β－糖苷键．而不水解α－糖苷键,对短链底物表现了相对高的活力．用动力学分析和共价化学修饰方法探讨了与该酶活力有关的必需基团．由ｐＨ对ｌｇＶｍ和ｌｇＶｍ／Ｋｍ的影响,推测出酶活性部位至少有两个可解离基团为酶活性所必需,它们在酶－底物复合物中的ｐＫｅｓ１和ｐＫｅｓ２的值分别为４．０和５．６,在游离酶中的ｐＫ值分别为４．２和５．９．由此可初步判断这两个可解离基团可能为组氨酸和含羧基的氨基酸,它们与酶的催化和底物结合可能有关．     

我国新分离虫媒病毒的初步鉴定

1990－1994年,从新疆地区的蚊、蜱和病人血清分离了多株病毒,为了明确这些病毒的分类地位,对其中的20株病毒进行了组织培养细胞感染实验和血清学检验,对部分毒株做了动物接种实验和理化性质鉴定。结果显示：20株病毒均可使BHK－21细胞病变（1－3天）,主要表现为细胞圆宿、聚集,融合,破碎,脱落等;致Vero细胞病变为2－4天;15株病毒致C6／36细胞病变（2－4天）,5株病毒对C6／36细胞连续观察7天未见细胞病变。11株病毒对乳鼠2－4天致死,对成年鼠2－5天致死。选取6株病毒进行理化性质鉴定,4株病毒（90260、91002、91004和91028）对5－氟脱氧尿苷耐受,对乙醚和酸敏感,提示为有膜RNA病毒;一株病毒（90265）对5－氟脱氧尿苷、乙醚和酸均敏感,提示为有膜DNA病毒;另一株病毒（9059）对5－氟脱氧尿苷耐受,对乙醚和酸也耐受,提示可能为无膜RNA肠道病毒。20株病毒中,17株病毒与甲病毒、乙型脑炎病毒和布尼亚病毒的特异性免疫腹水不反应,提示这些病毒中可能不存在甲病毒、黄病毒和布尼亚病毒;3株病毒（90260、91002和91004）只与甲病毒的特异性免疫腹水反应,与乙型脑炎病毒和布尼亚病毒的不反应,提示这三株病毒为甲病毒。     

抑瘤基因NGX6对鼻咽癌细胞株HNE1细胞生长的影响(英文)

鼻咽癌是我国南方多发恶性肿瘤 ,它的发生发展与遗传因素密切相关 .采用定位候选克隆策略在 9p上克隆出一个候选抑瘤基因 ,命名为NGX6 .为了进一步研究它的功能 ,将NGX6基因的全长cDNA片段亚克隆至pcDNA3.1(+ )的表达载体中 ,通过脂质体转染入鼻咽癌细胞系HNE1中 ,Northern杂交方法筛选高效表达NGX6的细胞株 ,并借助细胞生长曲线、软琼脂糖集落形成实验、裸鼠体内接种实验和流式细胞仪对转染细胞的生物学行为进行了检测 .结果显示 ,转染了NGX6基因的HNE1细胞的生长速度明显减慢 ,在软琼脂中集落形成率较对照组显著下降 (P〈0 0 5 ) ,裸鼠体内成瘤的时间较对照组明显延长 ,瘤体的大小和重量较对照组明显减少 ,流式细胞仪检测发现细胞的凋亡率无明显变化 .为了明确NGX6蛋白在细胞中发挥作用的部位 ,进一步将NGX6的开放阅读框架完整正确地克隆到pEGFPC1的荧光载体中 ,转染到COS7细胞中 ,用荧光显微镜观察细胞中荧光的分布 ,发现荧光主要分布在细胞浆中 ,说明NGX6蛋白可能是一种胞浆蛋白 .该研究表明 ,NGX6在NPC的发生发展中起重要作用 ,为全面阐述NGX6的功能提供重要的信息 ,为进一步的功能研究打下基础     

用DDRT-PCR技术克隆小鼠早期胚胎发育相关基因

mRNA差异显示 (DDRT PCR)技术在哺乳动物早期胚胎发育相关基因研究中的应用 ,因获得足够量的早期胚胎材料困难而受到限制 .通过对DDRT PCR技术各种条件参数进行优化组合 ,并对某些环节进行改良 ,以小鼠的MⅡ卵、2 细胞胚胎和 4 细胞胚胎为材料进行差异显示 ,仅以相当于5 0个卵细胞的量为起始材料 ,便得到了理想的差示结果 .从差异条带中挑取感兴趣的差异条带进行回收、阳性鉴定、亚克隆、序列分析、并在反向Northern杂交基础上设计了鉴定实验 .结果发现 ,有一个片段差异显著且是阶段性特异表达 .经GenBank检索 ,发现该片段仅有同源的EST ,其全长及功能尚不清楚 ,是一个功能未知基因 ,将该片段命名为ed1.反向Northern杂交结果表明 ,ed1在 2 细胞期胚胎中有表达 ,而在MⅡ卵及 4 细胞胚胎中均不表达 .     

Knockdown of a laccase in Populus deltoides confers altered cell wall chemistry and increased sugar release

Plant laccases are thought to function in the oxidation of monolignols which leads to higher order lignin formation. Only a hand‐full of laccases in plants have been functionally evaluated, and as such little is known about the breadth of their impact on cell wall chemistry or structure. Here, we describe a previously uncharacterized laccase from Populus, encoded by locus Potri.008G064000, whose reduced expression resulted in transgenic Populus trees with changes in syringyl/guaiacyl ratios as well as altered sugar release phenotypes. These phenotypes are consistent with plant biomass exhibiting reduced recalcitrance. Interestingly, the transgene effect on recalcitrance is dependent on a mild pretreatment prior to chemical extraction of sugars. Metabolite profiling suggests the transgene modulates phenolics that are associated with the cell wall structure. We propose that this particular laccase has a range of functions related to oxidation of phenolics and conjugation of flavonoids that interact with lignin in the cell wall.     

Thrombospondin-1 (TSP1)-producing B Cells Restore Antigen (Ag)-specific Immune Tolerance in an Allergic Environment

Restoration of the antigen (Ag)-specific immune tolerance in an allergic environment is refractory. B cells are involved in immune regulation. Whether B cells facilitate the generation of Ag-specific immune tolerance in an allergic environment requires further investigation. This paper aims to elucidate the mechanism by which B cells restore the Ag-specific immune tolerance in an allergic environment. In this study, a B cell-deficient mouse model was created by injecting an anti-CD20 antibody. The frequency of tolerogenic dendritic cell (TolDC) was assessed by flow cytometry. The levels of cytokines were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expression of thrombospondin-1 (TSP1) was assessed by quantitative real-time RT-PCR, Western blotting, and methylation-specific PCR. The results showed that B cells were required in the generation of the TGF-β-producing TolDCs in mice. B cell-derived TSP1 converted the latent TGF-β to the active TGF-β in DCs, which generated TGF-β-producing TolDCs. Exposure to IL-13 inhibited the expression of TSP1 in B cells by enhancing the TSP1 gene DNA methylation. Treating food allergy mice with Ag-specific immunotherapy and IL-13 antagonists restored the generation of TolDCs and enhanced the effect of specific immunotherapy. In conclusion, B cells play a critical role in the restoration of specific immune tolerance in an allergic environment. Blocking IL-13 in an allergic environment facilitated the generation of TolDCs and enhanced the therapeutic effect of immunotherapy.