Cell Surface Sialylation and Fucosylation Are Regulated by L1 via Phospholipase Cγ and Cooperate to Modulate Neurite Outgrowth,Cell Survival and Migration

Background

Cell surface glycosylation patterns are markers of cell type and status. However, the mechanisms regulating surface glycosylation patterns remain unknown.

Methodology/Principal Findings

Using a panel of carbohydrate surface markers, we have shown that cell surface sialylation and fucosylation were downregulated in L1^−/y neurons versus L1^+/y neurons. Consistently, mRNA levels of sialyltransferase ST6Gal1, and fucosyltransferase FUT9 were significantly reduced in L1^−/y neurons. Moreover, treatment of L1^+/y neurons with L1 antibodies, triggering signal transduction downstream of L1, led to an increase in cell surface sialylation and fucosylation compared to rat IgG-treated cells. ShRNAs for both ST6Gal1 and FUT9 blocked L1 antibody-mediated enhancement of neurite outgrowth, cell survival and migration. A phospholipase Cγ (PLCγ) inhibitor and shRNA, as well as an Erk inhibitor, reduced ST6Gal1 and FUT9 mRNA levels and inhibited effects of L1 on neurite outgrowth and cell survival.

Conclusions

Neuronal surface sialylation and fucosylation are regulated via PLCγ by L1, modulating neurite outgrowth, cell survival and migration.     

百合花瓣总RNA提取方法的研究

以亚洲百合品种Pollyanna和东方百合品种Sorbonne为试材,在比较异硫氰酸胍法、SDS/酚法与CTAB-L i Cl法提取总RNA效果的基础上,针对百合组织中富含多糖的特点,在Sorbonne提取RNA中加入特殊除多糖步骤,改进了CTAB- L i Cl法.结果表明,改进CTAB- L i Cl法能有效去除多糖,提取到的RNA2 8S r RNA亮度约为18S r RNA的2倍,A2 6 0 / 2 80介于1.8～2 .0之间,A2 6 0 / 2 30为2 .0 ,Pollyanna RNA产率为36 .3μL·g- 1 ,Sor-bonne RNA产率为10 .2 μL·g- 1 ,经RT- PCR获得了特异性条带,说明用改进CTAB- L i Cl法从百合花瓣中提取到的RNA质量好、产率高、完整性强,完全适合于进一步的分子生物学研究.     

基于SBE法的广东省生态景观林带美景度评价

采用美景度评价法(SBE法)对广东省生态景观林带进行评价，分析影响生态景观林带景观水平的主要因子，探讨生态景观林带景观构成要素与景观质量的关系。结果表明，不同专业、性别、学历、年龄的人群在森林审美态度上具有一致性，其评判结果能够反映森林美景度的实际情况；对53张照片评价SBE值，最大为1.4454，最小为-1.6917；对美景度影响较大的4个因子，即色彩丰富度(X6)、色泽明度(X7)、生活型(X8)、生长状况(X9)，建立的多元线性回归模型是 Y=1.902-0.346X6-0.461X7+ 0.206X8-0.584X9。     

辛伐他汀对糖尿病大鼠肾脏的保护作用及其可能机制

目的：观察辛伐他汀对糖尿病大鼠肾脏损伤的保护作用并探讨其可能的分子机制。方法：24只SD大鼠随机分为正常对照（NC,n=8）组和糖尿病造模组（n=16）。糖尿病造模组大鼠采用55 mg/kg链脲佐菌素（STZ）单次腹腔注射的方法建立糖尿病大鼠模型。造模成功后,糖尿病模型大鼠随机分为糖尿病（DM）组和糖尿病+辛伐他汀（DM+Sim）组。DM+Sim组大鼠每天给予辛伐他汀40 mg/kg灌胃,1次/日,连续4周。采用组织病理学方法观察肾脏的形态学改变和间质纤维化;采用分子生物学方法检测肾脏组织中内质网应激、炎性因子的表达以及细胞凋亡。结果：①与NC组相比,DM组可见肾小球和肾小管间质有明显的病理学改变,胶原纤维明显红染,呈不均匀分布;DM+Sim组形态学以及纤维化有明显改善。②DM组大鼠肾组织GRP78、p-IRE1α、NF-κB p65、MCP-1表达均高于NC组（P<0.05）,DM+Sim组GRP78、p-IRE1α、NF-κB p65、MCP-1表达较DM组均下降（P<0.05）。③TUNEL法检测,NC组肾小球及肾小管存在少量凋亡的细胞,DM组肾小球及肾小管存在大量凋亡的细胞（P<0.01）;与DM组比较,DM+Sim组凋亡的细胞明显减少（P<0.01）。结论：给予糖尿病大鼠辛伐他汀后,肾脏形态学以及纤维化明显改善,细胞凋亡明显减少。其对糖尿病肾脏的保护作用与抑制内质网应激和NF-κB炎症信号通路及减少肾脏细胞的凋亡有关。     

Effect of pp333 on Stem Elongation and Leaf Anatomy of Peanut Plant

Pot-grown peanut plants (Arachis hypogaea L.) cv. Yue-You No. 551–116 at five-leaf-stage were treated with 0, 266 or 532 ppm growth retardant PP333 aqueous solution as a soildrench and liquid spray to the whole shoot, smeared on the stems or fully developed leaves. Forty days after treatment, growth rate of main stem and transpiratory rate were measured andthe ultrastructures of leaf and chloroplast were also observed under electron microscope. The results obtained are as follows: 1. PP333 resulted in reduction of stem elongation and dryweight of shoot, but there was no influence or even slight enhancement with the dry weight of root, thus, the root: stem ratio was increased. By applicating PP333, transpiratory rate was lessthan that of the control, but the water storage cells in treated leaves were significantly larger. These anatomical and physiological characteristics of treated plant are an advantage in tolerating the drought stress. 2. Compared with the control, PP333 caused the epidermal cellsize smaller and reduced the number of grana lamella and stroma lamella, so development of chloroplast was inhibited. 3. Significant retardation occurred when PP333 was applied to soilas compared with that applied to the shoot. Among shoot applications, the stem is more effective at reducing stem elongation than that to the leaf. Based on the results mentioned above, authors suggest that the most effective method of PP333. application for peanut is soil drench.     

丝裂霉素C对Erwinia herbicola表达及运转冰核活性蛋白方式的影响

利用添加丝裂霉素C(MMC)于不同培养基中,并在不同培养条件下对草生欧文氏菌10025A(E．herbicola 10025A)诱导培养,首次证实该菌表达冰核活性蛋白的活性及运转分泌冰核活性蛋白方式是不同。研究结果显示,MMC的加入可以提高细菌培养物的冰核活性,该现象可以解释为MMC对E．herbicola的作用能够激活细胞SOS应急系统的反应,诱导细胞合成部分参与修复DNA损伤的酶和蛋白因子,达到对E．herbicola诱导表达冰核蛋白通过高尔基体形成小液泡,向膜外分泌的方式,同时对E．herbicola细胞分裂后的形态也发生明显的影响。这对研究细胞在恶劣环境的生存机制以及获取该条件下的蛋白具有重要的意义,对低温生物的研究也将产生积极地影响。     

基于小波包熵的运动意识任务分类研究

提出了以小波包熵作为脑电特征向量的左右手运动意识任务分类方法,对被测试者想象左右手运动时的脑电小波包熵动态变化情况及分析窗口长度的选择进行了研究.结果表明,小波包熵能很好地反映左右手运动想象的脑电特征变化,用线性判别式算法对脑电特征进行识别,分类正确率达到92.14%.由于小波包熵的计算比较简单,稳定性好,识别率高,为大脑运动意识任务的分类提供了新思路.     

幽门螺杆菌(SS1)感染及其胃炎的小鼠模型

目的 :建立感染幽门螺杆菌 (Helicobacterpylori,H pylori)SS1株BALB/c小鼠感染模型 ,研究H pylori胃内定植及胃黏膜病理变化。 方法 :BALB/c小鼠胃内分别接种体外培养的H pyloriSS1株 (实验组 )或PBS(对照组 ) ,组织学方法评价H pylori定植及胃黏膜病理变化。结果 :所有对照组小鼠胃组织未见H pylori定植 ,胃组织也未见明显的炎症反应 ;而所有实验组小鼠在感染H pylori 12周后 ,胃黏膜表面的黏液层及胃小凹顶端可见大量H pylori,胃体及胃窦交界处、胃体及胃底交界处最多 ;胃组织可见到不同程度的炎性反应 ,感染H pylori 2 4周后 ,胃组织炎性反应加重。结论 :用胃内接种方法建立了小鼠H pylori感染及其相关性胃炎的模型。     

ERβ对子宫内膜异位症小鼠模型的影响

目的通过建立子宫内膜异位症小鼠模型探讨雌激素β受体对子宫内膜异位症的影响。方法利用雌激素β基因敲除小鼠建立自体子宫内膜异位模型;应用人不同的组织在SCID小鼠建立子宫内膜异位症模型后,注射雌激素β受体激动剂WAY-200070,观察其对异位病灶生长的影响。结果比较30只雌激素β受体基因敲除小鼠及22只同源未敲除小鼠异位病灶生长及组织细胞形态无明显差异（P〉0.05）;雌激素β受体激动剂WAY-200070对不同类型的SCID小鼠内异症病灶生长影响无明显差异（P〉0.1）。结论雌激素β受体对子宫内膜异位病灶的形成影响作用微弱。