脑室系统可视化研究在医学影像学教学培训中的应用

脑室系统疾病的诊断主要有赖于CT、MRI检查,掌握脑室系统的断层解剖学知识是认识正常和进行疾病诊断的基础.本文利用中国可视化人体中颅脑薄层连续断层图像,运用虚拟断层切割技术和三维重建技术,建立了脑室系统三维可视化模型.脑室系统可视化模型将断层解剖学与整体解剖相衔接,将横断、矢状与冠状位图像相结合,有助于培养学生的空间思维能力及建立脑室系统结构的三维立体概念,在临床医学影像学教学培训中取得了良好的教学效果.     

Metabolomic profiling of anaerobic and aerobic energy metabolic pathways in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

While there is no cure for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), its progressive nature and the formidable challenge to manage its symptoms warrant a more extensive study of the pathogenesis and related mechanisms. A new emphasis on COPD study is the change of energy metabolism. For the first time, this study investigated the anaerobic and aerobic energy metabolic pathways in COPD using the metabolomic approach. Metabolomic analysis was used to investigate energy metabolites in 140 COPD patients. The significance of energy metabolism in COPD was comprehensively explored by the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease–GOLD grading, acute exacerbation vs. stable phase (either clinical stability or four-week stable phase), age group, smoking index, lung function, and COPD Assessment Test (CAT) score. Through comprehensive evaluation, we found that COPD patients have a significant imbalance in the aerobic and anaerobic energy metabolisms in resting state, and a high tendency of anaerobic energy supply mechanism that correlates positively with disease progression. This study highlighted the significance of anaerobic and low-efficiency energy supply pathways in lung injury and linked it to the energy-inflammation-lung ventilatory function and the motion limitation mechanism in COPD patients, which implies a novel therapeutic direction for this devastating disease.     

MicroRNA-99a-3p/GRP94 axis affects metastatic progression of human papillary thyroid carcinoma by regulating ITGA2 expression and localization

Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) usually has favorable prognosis;however,distant metastasis is a leading cause of death associated with PTC.MicroRNA-99a-3p (miR-9...     

Geometrical optimisation of a biochip microchannel fluidic separator

This article reports on the geometric optimisation of a T-shaped biochip microchannel fluidic separator aiming to maximise the separation efficiency of plasma from blood through the improvement of the unbalanced separation performance among different channel bifurcations. For this purpose, an algebraic analysis is firstly implemented to identify the key parameters affecting fluid separation. A numerical optimisation is then carried out to search the key parameters for improved separation performance of the biochip. Three parameters, the interval length between bifurcations, the main channel length from the outlet to the bifurcation region and the side channel geometry, are identified as the key characteristic sizes and defined as optimisation variables. A balanced flow rate ratio between the main and side channels, which is an indication of separation effectiveness, is defined as the objective. It is found that the degradation of the separation performance is caused by the unbalanced channel resistance ratio between the main and side channel routes from bifurcations to outlets. The effects of the three key parameters can be summarised as follows: (a) shortening the interval length between bifurcations moderately reduces the differences in the flow rate ratios; (b) extending the length of the main channel from the main outlet is effective for achieving a uniformity of flow rate ratio but ineffective in changing the velocity difference of the side channels and (c) decreasing the lengths of side channels from upstream to downstream is effective for both obtaining a uniform flow rate ratio and reducing the differences in the flow velocities between the side branch channels. An optimisation process combining the three parameters is suggested as this integration approach leads to fast convergent process and also offers flexible design options for satisfying different requirements.     

A single intramuscular injection of rAAV‐mediated mutant erythropoietin protects against MPTP‐induced parkinsonism

Erythropoietin (Epo) is neuroprotective in a number of preparations, but can lead to unacceptably high and even lethal hematocrit levels. Recent reports show that modified Epo variants confer neuroprotection in models of glaucoma and retinal degeneration without raising hematocrit. In this study, neuroprotective effects of two Epo variants (EpoR76E and EpoS71E) were assessed in a model of Parkinson's disease. The constructs were packaged in recombinant adeno‐associated viral (rAAV) vectors and injected intramuscularly. After 3 weeks, mice received five daily injections of 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and were killed 5 weeks later. The MPTP‐lesioned mice pretreated with rAAV.eGFP (negative control) exhibited a 7‐ to 9‐Hz tremor and slower latencies to move on a grid test (akinesia). Both of these symptomatic features were absent in mice pretreated with either modified Epo construct. The rAAV.eGFP‐treated mice lesioned with MPTP exhibited a 41% reduction in tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)‐positive neurons in the substantia nigra. The rAAV.EpoS71E construct did not protect nigral neurons, but neuronal loss in mice pretreated with rAAV.EpoR76E was only half that of rAAV.eGFP controls. Although dopamine levels were normal in all groups, 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) was significantly reduced only in MPTP‐lesioned mice pretreated with rAAV.eGFP, indicating reduced dopamine turnover. Analysis of TH‐positive fibers in the striatum showed normalized density in MPTP‐lesioned mice pretreated with rAAV.EpoS71E, suggesting that enhanced sprouting induced by EpoS71E may have been responsible for normal behavior and dopaminergic tone in these mice. These results show that systemically administered rAAV‐generated non‐erythropoietic Epo may protect against MPTP‐induced parkinsonism by a combination of neuroprotection and enhanced axonal sprouting.     

Decreased Dicer Expression Enhances SRP-Mediated Protein Targeting

We have shown that Dicer processes 7SL RNA into different fragments ranging from ∼20 to more than 200 nucleotides. Here we addressed the molecular functions of these 7SL RNA fragments and found that some of them functioned as dominant-negative regulators of the full-length 7SL RNA, interfering with signal recognition particle (SRP) complex formation. Transfection of these 7SL RNA fragments inhibited the expression of cell surface glycoproteins, the targeting of a reporter protein to the endoplasmic reticulum, and the secretion of secreted alkaline phosphatase. These results suggest that some Dicer-processed 7SL RNA fragments interfered with SRP-mediated protein targeting. Moreover, we showed that Dicer knockdown enhanced SRP-mediated protein targeting and that transfection of a mixture of the 7SL RNA fragments partially restored this effect. Our data indicate that Dicer can fine-tune the efficiency of SRP-mediated protein targeting via processing a proportion of 7SL RNA into fragments of different lengths.     

基因靶位操作的技术与应用

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Interface Welding via Thermal Pulse Sintering to Enable 4.6 V Solid-State Batteries

NASICON-type Li_1.3Al_0.3Ti_1.7(PO4)₃ (LATP) is one of the most promising solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) to achieve high-energy-density solid-state batteries (SSBs) due to its high ionic conductivity, high-voltage stability, and low cost. However, its practical application is constrained by inadequate interfacial compatibility with cathode materials and significant incompatibility with lithium metal. In this work, a cost-effective interface welding approach is reported, utilizing an innovative thermal pulse sintering (TPS) to fabricate LATP-based solid-state batteries. Initially, the rapid thermal pulses enhance the ionic conductivity of LATP SSE by inducing selective growth of LATP nanowires, effectively occupying interparticle voids. Additionally, this process results in the formation of a dense layer (GCM) comprising graphene oxide, carbon nanotubes, and MXene with a controlled Li⁺ transport pathway, facilitating lithium stripping and plating processes. Moreover, these thermal pulses facilitate the interfacial fusion between LATP and cathode materials, while avoiding undesired phase diffusion. As a result, SSBs with a LiCoO₂ cathode deliver favorable cycle stability at 4.6 V, marking significant progress. This facile interface welding strategy represents a substantial step toward high-energy-density SSB development.