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11.
Minjuan Shen Mingli Lin Mengqi Zhu Wenxin Zhang Danyang Lu Huanhuan Liu Jingjing Deng Kehua Que Xu Zhang 《Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/General Subjects》2019,1863(1):167-181
Since their discovery, matrix vesicles (MVs) containing minerals have received considerable attention for their role in the mineralization of bone, dentin and calcified cartilage. Additionally, MVs' association with collagen fibrils, which serve as the scaffold for calcification in the organic matrix, has been repeatedly highlighted. The primary purpose of the present study was to establish a MVs–mimicking model (PEG-S-ACP/micelle) in vitro for studying the exact mechanism of MVs-mediated extra/intra fibrillar mineralization of collagen in vivo. In this study, high-concentration serine was used to stabilize the amorphous calcium phosphate (S-ACP), which was subsequently mixed with polyethylene glycol (PEG) to form PEG-S-ACP nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were loaded in the polysorbate 80 micelle through a micelle self-assembly process in an aqueous environment. This MVs–mimicking model is referred to as the PEG-S-ACP/micelle model. By adjusting the pH and surface tension of the PEG-S-ACP/micelle, two forms of minerals (crystalline mineral nodules and ACP nanoparticles) were released to achieve the extrafibrillar and intrafibrillar mineralization, respectively. This in vitro mineralization process reproduced the mineral nodules mediating in vivo extrafibrillar mineralization and provided key insights into a possible mechanism of biomineralization by which in vivo intrafibrillar mineralization could be induced by ACP nanoparticles released from MVs. Also, the PEG-S-ACP/micelle model provides a promising methodology to prepare mineralized collagen scaffolds for repairing bone defects in bone tissue engineering. 相似文献
12.
Background
Recent studies point to a great diversity of non-ribosomal peptide synthesis systems with major roles in amino acid and co-factor biosynthesis, secondary metabolism, and post-translational modifications of proteins by peptide tags. The least studied of these systems are those utilizing tRNAs or aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AAtRS) in non-ribosomal peptide ligation. 相似文献13.
14.
Background
Substituted catechols are important precursors for large-scale synthesis of pharmaceuticals and other industrial products. Most of the reported chemical synthesis methods are expensive and insufficient at industrial level. However, biological processes for production of substituted catechols could be highly selective and suitable for industrial purposes. 相似文献15.
Food availability is important to the dynamics of animal social organizations or populations. However, the role of winter
food availability in animal population dynamics is still controversial. We carried out an experimental study to test Lack’s
hypothesis that reduced food in winter limits survival and spring numbers of breeding individuals of social groups, using
the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) as model species. We established 24 gerbil social groups in 24, 10 × 10 m, pens in September 2008. We provided wheat seeds
as supplemental food in 12 enclosures from September 2008 to March 2009; the other 12 enclosures, not provided with supplemental
food, served as controls. We live-trapped gerbils at a 2-week interval from September to April. Supplemental food during winter
increased biweekly survival by 10% relative to that in control groups. Only four control social groups survived to the end
of our study whereas all 12 food-supplemented social groups survived through our study period. Supplemental food also increased
cumulative numbers of recruits and group sizes of gerbils. We conclude that winter food availability limits winter survival
and spring social groups or population sizes of Mongolian gerbils. 相似文献
16.
Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analyses have improved our understanding of food webs and movement patterns of aquatic
organisms. These techniques have recently been applied to diet studies of elasmobranch fishes, but isotope turnover rates
and isotope diet–tissue discrimination are still poorly understood for this group. We performed a diet switch experiment on
captive sandbar sharks (Carcharhinus plumbeus) as a model shark species to determine tissue turnover rates for liver, whole blood, and white muscle. In a second experiment,
we subjected captive coastal skates (Leucoraja spp.) to serial salinity reductions to measure possible impacts of tissue urea content on nitrogen stable isotope values.
We extracted urea from spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias) white muscle to test for effects on nitrogen stable isotopes. Isotope turnover was slow for shark tissues and similar to
previously published estimates for stingrays and teleost fishes with low growth rates. Muscle isotope data would likely fail
to capture seasonal migrations or diet switches in sharks, while liver and whole blood would more closely reflect shorter
term movement or shifts in diet. Nitrogen stable isotope values of skate blood and skate and dogfish white muscle were not
affected by tissue urea content, suggesting that available diet–tissue discrimination estimates for teleost fishes with similar
physiologies would provide accurate estimates for elasmobranchs. 相似文献
17.
IN addition to its well known antiviral activity, interferon has recently been shown to inhibit the multiplication of tumour and mammalian cells in cell culture1–6. We report here the inhibition by interferon of DNA synthesis induced in mouse spleen lymphocytes by the non-viral stimuli phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and allogeneic lymphocytes. These findings are in accord with our contention that interferon affects cell function and, furthermore, they suggest that by acting on lymphocytes, interferon plays a role in the immunological response of the host. 相似文献
18.
Background
Spidroins are a unique family of large, structural proteins that make up the bulk of spider silk fibers. Due to the highly variable nature of their repetitive sequences, spidroin evolutionary relationships have principally been determined from their non-repetitive carboxy (C)-terminal domains, though they offer limited character data. The few known spidroin amino (N)-terminal domains have been difficult to obtain, but potentially contain critical phylogenetic information for reconstructing the diversification of spider silks. Here we used silk gland expression data (ESTs) from highly divergent species to evaluate the functional significance and phylogenetic utility of spidroin N-terminal domains. 相似文献19.
Potential efficacy of zileuton, a 5-LOX inhibitor, was evaluated for the reduction of pulmonary adenomas in the A/J murine
model when administered via nose-only inhalation. Development of pulmonary adenomas was induced with benzo(a)pyrene. Animals were treated with a zileuton solution (5 mg/mL in 85:15 ethanol/water) either twice weekly or five times
a week via nose-only inhalation; The placebo solution (85:15 EtOH/H2O, no active) was also evaluated. Dose delivered was calculated to be 1.2 mg/kg per exposure for each zileuton group. After
20 weeks of treatment, surface tumors were enumerated and histologically assessed. A significant reduction in tumor count
was noted for both the twice weekly administration (40%) and the five times a week administration (59%). The data also showed
a significant reduction for the group, which received the placebo (approximately 58%). The treatment groups were also found
to have an impact on the histological stages of adenoma development. 相似文献
20.
Mandana Nikpour Dafna D Gladman Dominique Ibanez Paula J Harvey Murray B Urowitz 《Arthritis research & therapy》2010,12(3):R125