EFFECTS OF INCREASED TEMPERATURE AND CO2 ON PHOTOSYNTHESIS,GROWTH, AND ELEMENTAL RATIOS IN MARINE SYNECHOCOCCUS AND PROCHLOROCOCCUS (CYANOBACTERIA)1

Little is known about the combined impacts of future CO₂ and temperature increases on the growth and physiology of marine picocyanobacteria. We incubated Synechococcus and Prochlorococcus under present‐day (380 ppm) or predicted year‐2100 CO₂ levels (750 ppm), and under normal versus elevated temperatures (+4°C) in semicontinuous cultures. Increased temperature stimulated the cell division rates of Synechococcus but not Prochlorococcus. Doubled CO₂ combined with elevated temperature increased maximum chl a–normalized photosynthetic rates of Synechococcus four times relative to controls. Temperature also altered other photosynthetic parameters (α, Φ_max, E_k, and ) in Synechococcus, but these changes were not observed for Prochlorococcus. Both increased CO₂ and temperature raised the phycobilin and chl a content of Synechococcus, while only elevated temperature increased divinyl chl a in Prochlorococcus. Cellular carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) quotas, but not phosphorus (P) quotas, increased with elevated CO₂ in Synechococcus, leading to ～20% higher C:P and N:P ratios. In contrast, Prochlorococcus elemental composition remained unaffected by CO₂, but cell volume and elemental quotas doubled with increasing temperature while maintaining constant stoichiometry. Synechococcus showed a much greater response to CO₂ and temperature increases for most parameters measured, compared with Prochlorococcus. Our results suggest that global change could influence the dominance of Synechococcus and Prochlorococcus ecotypes, with likely effects on oligotrophic food‐web structure. However, individual picocyanobacteria strains may respond quite differently to future CO₂ and temperature increases, and caution is needed when generalizing their responses to global change in the ocean.     

人用狂犬病疫苗过敏性反应探讨

采用超滤浓缩技术生产人用狂犬病疫苗后,疫苗效力得到明显提高;胆在使用中,包括过敏反应等在内的不良反应等有所增多且严重程度明显增大。以豚鼠为实验动物模型,探讨人用狂犬病疫苗引起过敏反应的原因。结果显示,地鼠民分是引起过敏的重要物质,过敏的严重程度随制品浓缩倍数的增大而增大。     

在琼脂双向扩散中植物病毒非特异带的产生和消除

检测植物病毒,通常采用琼脂双向扩散、对流免疫电泳和酶联免疫吸附测定(ELIsA)等三种方法,而在研究一些植物病毒之间的亲缘关系方面,琼脂双向扩散则能提供其他方法所不能提供的免疫学图谱。我们在做琼脂双向扩散时发现,植物病毒的某些寄主与提纯病毒时所用磷酸盐缓冲液之间常能形成非特异带。本文报道非特异带的干扰现象及其消除方法。     

水稻白叶枯病广谱抗性基因Xa21导入两用不育系培矮64S

以克隆的Xa21基因为外源基因,成熟胚愈伤组织为转化受体,应用农杆菌介导法对水稻两用型核不育系培矮64S进行转化,获46株转基因植株。PCR和Southern分析结果表明,Xa21已整合到受体基因组。用稻白叶枯病病原菌(Xanthomonasoryzaepv.oryzae)菲律宾小种6号接种鉴定,结果表明大多数转基因植株获得了抗病性。已整合的Xa21基因能够稳定地遗传,在所检测转基因株系的T1代中,Xa21基因显示3:1的分离。     

颈动脉窦部支架置入术中血压和心率的精细化管理

目的:探讨颈动脉窦部支架置入术中血压、心率的精细化管理,以减少心血管并发症,提高手术成功率.方法:对2009年6月-2010年3月间行颈动脉窦部狭窄支架置入术的59例患者,通过制定精细化的护理措施,从认知、心理、行为等方面进行护理干预,充分作好预见性准备,建立血压、心率波动曲线图,及时发现术中心率、血压的变化,把握给药时机,有效预防和控制心血管并发症.结果:通过良好的精细化管理措施,术中有心率减慢6例、血压降低4例、血压升高2例,因发现及时,给予对症处理后恢复正常,其余患者顺利完成介入治疗,无严重并发症发生.结论:加强窦部支架置入术中心率、血压的精细化管理,是保证病人安全的有力措施,对手术的顺利进行具有重要的指导意义.     

祁连山两侧中国沙棘不同居群的遗传多样性研究

应用RAPD技术研究了祁连山中段中国沙棘(Hippophae rhamnoidoes ssp．sinensis)4个居群和1个对照居群的遗传多样性水平,探讨中国沙棘边缘居群的遗传变异以及天然屏障祁连山对中国沙棘居群遗传结构的影响。结果显示,祁连山地区中国沙棘居群水平的Nei’基因多样度(h)和Shannon多态信息指数(I)分别为0．2070和 0．297 4,基因分化系数(Gst)为0．319 3,均高于中国沙棘整个分布区的平均值,表明该地中国沙棘边缘居群遗传多样性水平及居群间的遗传分化都有增加的趋势;居群间每代迁移数(Nm=1．065 9)显著低于异交风媒植物(Nm= 5．380),表明祁连山的隔离对中国沙棘居群间的基因交流有限制作用,造成了该地中国沙棘边缘居群间较高的遗传分化。     

A maize ADP‐ribosylation factor ZmArf2 increases organ and seed size by promoting cell expansion in Arabidopsis

ADP‐ribosylation factors (ARFs) are small GTP‐binding proteins that regulate a wide variety of cell functions. Previously, we isolated a new ARF, ZmArf2, from maize (Zea mays). Sequence and expression characteristics indicated that ZmArf2 might play a critical role in the early stages of endosperm development. In this study, we investigated ZmArf2 function by analysis of its GTP‐binding activity and subcellular localization. We also over‐expressed ZmArf2 in Arabidopsis and measured organ and cell size and counted cell numbers. The expression levels of five organ size‐associated genes were also determined in 35S::ZmArf2 transgenic and wild‐type plants. Results showed that the recombinant ZmArf2 protein purified from Escherichia coli exhibited GTP‐binding activity. Subcellular localization revealed that ZmArf2 was localized in the cytoplasm and plasma membrane. ZmArf2 over‐expression in Arabidopsis showed that 35S::ZmArf2 transgenic plants were taller and had larger leaves and seeds compared to wild‐type plants, which resulted from cell expansions, not an increase in cell numbers. In addition, three cell expansion‐related genes, AtEXP3, AtEXP5 and AtEXP10, were upregulated in 35S::ZmArf2 transgenic lines, while the expression levels of AtGIF1 and AtGRF5, were unchanged. Collectively, our studies suggest that ZmArf2 has an active GTP‐binding function, and plays a crucial role in growth and development in Arabidopsis through cell expansion mediated by cell expansion genes.     

大穗和中华结缕草的群落特征及种内分异研究

大穗结缕草为盐生植物,主要生长在沿海潮沟两侧的滨海盐土地带上,其区系组成绝大多数种类属于盐生植物,为海滩原生植物群落。中华结缕草为耐盐的优良草坪植物,其野生群落主要分布在沿海2~40m的滨海阶地上。其生态幅较宽,土壤pH在7.2~9.2之间。中华结缕草群落为单优群落,盖度多在60%~90%。中华结缕草种内存在十分丰富的变异,采用模糊聚类的方法将17份草样划分为6类,各类间差异很大。主分量分析表明有性繁殖器官如果穗高度和营养器官特征如叶长和匍匐茎扩展速度是研究中华结缕草种内分异的重要指标。这2种植物可作为沿海城市建植草坪的优良植物。     

人体外周血淋巴细胞核损伤指标的比较研究

核异常作为组织特异性的遗传毒理体内短期检测法,现已日益受到重视。它比微核测试更敏感和合理。核异常包括多种形式的核损伤,而它们与致癌因子的损伤有着不同程度的相关性。本文以r-射线作为致癌与诱变因子,在人体外周血淋巴细胞中系统地比较研究了常用核损伤指标:微核、核变形、核碎裂和核固缩等的剂量(0-5Grag)一反应关系,并作线形回归分析。作者认为,作为人体淋巴细胞核异常测试法,应包括微核,核变形及核碎裂3个核损伤指标。     

Construction of a recombinant BHV-1 expressing the VP1 gene of foot and mouth disease virus and its immunogenicity in a rabbit model

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) are two important infectious diseases of cattle. Using bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1) as a gene delivery vector for development of live-viral vaccines has gained widespread interest. In this study, a recombinant BHV-1 was constructed by inserting the synthetic FMDV (O/China/99) VP1 gene in the the gE locus of BHV-1 genome under the control of immediately early gene promoter of human cytomegalovirus (phIE CMV) and bovine growth hormone polyadenylation (BGH polyA) signal. After homologous recombination and plaque purification, a recombinant virus named BHV-1/gE⁻/VP1 was acquired and identified. The immunogenicity was confirmed in a rabbit model by virus neutralization test and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The result indicated that the BHV-1/gE⁻/VP1 has the potential for being developed as a bivalent vaccine for FMD and IBR.