庐山蛾类区系研究

庐山,地处中亚热带北沿,北纬29.35°,东经115.59°,属亚热带东部季风区域。庐山襟江带湖,雨量充沛,植物种类繁多,种子植物有1800余种,隶属158科642属。因此,庐山蛾类也较丰富。笔者于1975年5月开始,对庐山蛾类进行了调查,共鉴定出蛾类455种。现将庐山蛾类区系报告如下。 区系分析 庐山蛾类已鉴定出32科340届455种。区系情况如表。 从表可以看出:     

Systematics ofNama (Hydrophyllaceae): Flavonoids and phyletic position of sect.Arachnoidea and sect.Cinerascentia

Eight flavonoids, four 6-oxygenated flavones, two methyl ethers of luteolin, apigenin 6,8-C-diglucoside and quercetin 3-O-glucoside, were isolated fromNama lobbii andN. rothrockii, sole members of sects.Arachnoidea andCinerascentia, respectively. Both taxa diverge markedly from other namas in morphology and chromosome number and their placement inNama has been questioned. The occurrence of 6-oxygenated flavones in these taxa adds to their already distinctive nature. Flavonoid evidence argues that both are more closely allied toEriodictyon than either is toNama.     

Activity of central neurons of the electroreceptor system ofGlyptosternum reticulatum

Two types of electroreceptive neurons — tonic and phasic — were found in acute experiments with extracellular recording of unit activity from the lateral lobes of the medulla in the Turkestan catfishGlyptosternum reticulatum. Tonic neurons were more sensitive to the potential gradient in water (the threshold for most neurons was 1–6 µV/cm) than phasic neurons, they possessed spontaneous activity (mean frequency 4–10 spikes/sec), and their response characteristics depended significantly on the intensity and duration of stimulation. Phasic neurons had no spontaneous activity; their sensitivity was about one order of magnitude lower than that of the tonic neurons, and the response was independent of the parameters of the stimuli. The probable mechanisms of differentiation of neurons into two types, with a possible link with the characteristics of the receptor formations or with the functional organization of the corresponding brain centers, are discussed.     

Kinetics of the sodium current through EDTA-modified calcium channels of the molluscan neuron somatic membrane

The kinetics of the slow current carried by sodium ions through potential-dependent calcium channels after addition of EDTA to calcium-free external solution was investigated in experiments by the intracellular dialysis method on isolatedHelix pomatia neurons. The activation kinetics of this current was similar to that of the calcium current and could be described by the use of the square of the activation variable m in Hodgkin-Huxley equations. The decay (inactivation) kinetics of the induced sodium current during prolonged depolarization is biexponential in character. It is suggested that decay of the sodium currents takes place as a result of two independent processes: potential-dependent inactivation with a time constant τ_h～1 sec, taking place as far as a certain steady-state level h_∞, and a decrease in current connected with Na⁺ accumulation inside the cell during passage of the current and a consequent change in the sodium electrochemical potential (τ_c～10 sec). It is concluded that modification of the calcium channels, so that they acquire the ability to conduct sodium, has no significant effect on the gating mechanisms responsible for opening and closing of the channels.     

Cytochrome c in Hydrogenomonas eutropha

A c-type cytochrome from Hydrogenomonas eutropha was purified 150-fold by butanol extraction, ammonium sulfate precipitation, and column chromatography. Three distinct c-type cytochromes were recovered which did not bind with either carbon monoxide or cyanide and hence did not appear to be denatured. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicated that one protein was acidic and the other two were basic. The acidic cytochrome c had a sedimentation coefficient of 3.46. Its amino acid composition was not markedly different from other bacterial cytochromes, but relative to mammalian cytochromes c it was low in lysine, threonine, and isoleucine and high in alanine and valine.     

胎盘型碱性磷酸酶的纯化及部分性质的研究

 <正> 胎盘型碱性磷酸酶(P-ALP)是碱性磷酸酶(EC3.1.3.1.ALP)的一种同工酶。P-ALP除出现于妊娠妇女血清外,一些学者还从恶性肿瘤患者血清中发现此酶,并证明它是一种特异性较强的肿瘤标志物。据此,建立P-ALP的简易纯化方法,制备纯度较高的酶制品是建立P-ALP灵敏的微量检测法的先决条件。本文报道以L-苯丙氨酸(L-phe)为配基,用氯代环氧丙烷活化Sepharose 4B的亲和层析法,从人胎盘纯化P-ALP,并对其部分性质进行了研究。     

香蕉低温酶促褐变

7℃低温导致香蕉果皮变褐,褐变程度可用提取液的OD_(450)值表示。随低温处理时间的延长,OD_(450)增大;还原性物质抗坏血酸、谷胱甘肽含量迅速下降;多酚氧化酶底物多巴胺先有增加,接着降低。 低温下,多酚氧化酶(PPO)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性较常温低,PPO和POD的游离态酶活性增高。此外,H_2O_2处理加速果皮变褐,刺激PPO及POD活性;棓酸丙酯处理起相反的效应。故认为香蕉低温褐变是低温损伤、酶促褐变引起的一个复杂过程。     

应用酶联免疫吸附试验检测不同类型乙型肝炎中激活补体类HBsAg循环免疫复合物

本文以抗人C_(?)的羊IgG为包被抗体,以HRP-HBs抗体为指示抗体,建立了可检测激活补体类HBsAg循环免疫复合物(HBsAg/C3-CIC)的C_3捕捉法酶联免疫吸附试验。检测了236例六种类型临床诊断为乙型肝炎的病人血清标本,其阳性率分别为:无症状携带者(ASC)12.9％(4/31),急性肝炎(AH)36.7％(22/60),慢性迁延性肝炎(CPH)33.3％(7/21),慢性活动性肝炎(CAH)59.6％(34/57),重型肝炎(SH)77.8％(14/18),肝炎后肝硬化(PLC)67.3％(33/49),阳性率与肝损严重程度明显相关(P<0.01)。认为HBs-Ag/C3-CIC可能在乙型肝炎病毒引起的慢性活动性肝炎、重型肝炎和肝炎后肝硬化的发病过程中起重要作用,并可作为乙型肝炎的诊断、临床分型和预后判断的指标之一。     

Climate and vegetation in China II. Distribution of main vegetation types and thermal climate

The authors examined relationships between Kira's warmth index (WI) and four other important thermal indices: the sums of daily mean temperatures above 5°C and 10°C, Thornthwaite's potential evapotranspiration (PE) and Holdridge's annual biotemperature. The thermal records of 671 meteorological stations evenly located all over China were used to make these comparisons. Close correlations were found within the four relationships, and accordingly WI was used to analyse the thermal distributions of the main vegetation types. Vegetation types around the 671 stations were read from a vegetation map with a scale of 1/4000000. Vegetation types at 269 stations corresponded to the natural or seminatural vegetation, and 29 vegetation types were distinguished by arranging the 269 data into the same or similar types. The geographical distribution of these 29 types and the corresponding main climatic features were described. The relations between WI and distribution of these vegetation types were discussed in detail. As a result, WI values (°C month) corresponding to the vegetation zones could be summarized as follows: (1) arctic or alpine vegetation zone: 0–15; (2) boreal or subalpine vegetation zone: 15-(50–55); (3) cool-temperate vegetation zone: (50–55)–(80–90); (4) warm-temperate vegetation zone: (80–90)–(170–180). These values almost coincided with Kira's values. Chinese postgraduate student in Japan sent by the Chinese Government.