Synthesis, photoluminescence and electrochemical properties of a series of carbazole-functionalized ligands and their silver(I) complexes

A series of carbazole-functionalized carboxylate ligands (N-carbazolylacetic acid (L1), 4-carbazol-9-yl-benzoic acid (L2), and 3-(4-carbazol-9-yl-phenyl)-acrylic acid (L3)) and their corresponding silver complexes were designed and synthesized and the structures were determined by single crystal X-ray diffractions. The silver atoms in the complexes are in tetrahedral geometry coordinated with two oxygen from carboxylic and two phosphorous atoms from triphenylphosphine. The complexes exhibit excellent electrochemical characters in solution and strong photoluminescence in the solid state. The emission wavelengths of the compounds can be tuned (from ultraviolet to visible region) by introducing of the second coordinating ligand triphenylphosphine and by elongation of the conjugation moieties.     

饲料中三聚氰胺对花鲈生长、生理机能及组织残留的影响

研究以花鲈(Lateolabrax japonicus)为实验对象, 通过在花鲈饲料中添加不同剂量的三聚氰胺进行56d的花鲈摄食生长实验, 探讨三聚氰胺对花鲈的生长性能、生理机能、组织残留及肾脏组织学的影响。实验设计为5个不同剂量的三聚氰胺(0、500、2000、5000及10000 mg/kg)处理组, 每个处理组3个重复。花鲈初始体重(30.6±0.1)g在半流水养殖系统中进行养殖, 定期检测水质。实验结果表明:56d实验期内5个处理组花鲈的三聚氰胺日摄入量分别为0、8.26、32.38、80.34及148.83 mg/kg.w/d。三聚氰胺显著影响了花鲈的摄食与生长(P0.05)。三聚氰胺对花鲈的饲料系数及存活率没有显著影响(P>0.05)。实验结束时, 各处理组全鱼的水分、粗灰分及粗蛋白质含量无显著差异(P>0.05)。随着三聚氰胺添加量的升高, 花鲈血清碱性磷酸酶(ALP)的活性逐渐升高, 5000 mg/kg组的血清碱性磷酸酶活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。花鲈的肝脏和肌肉中均检测到了三聚氰胺的残留, 在三聚氰胺日摄入量为148.83 mg/kg.w/d时,肝脏三聚氰胺残留量达到57.9 mg/kg,肌肉中三聚氰胺的残留量在三聚氰胺日摄入量80.34 mg/kg.w/d和148.83 mg/kg.w/d处理组分别为47.63 mg/kg和73.17 mg/kg。5000和10000 mg/kg饲料组花鲈的肾脏受到严重损伤,但没有发现结晶样物质存在。三聚氰胺对花鲈56d的最大未观察到有害作用剂量(NOAEL,no-observed-adverse-effect-level)为8.26 mg/kg.w/d。       

内蒙古蒙古族人群DYS413基因座的多态性分布

为调查DYS413(YCA Ⅲ)基因座在内蒙古蒙古族人群中的分布情况,为其应用于法医学和人类遗传学研究提供依据,采集了120例内蒙古蒙古族男性无关个体静脉血,EDTA抗凝,用酚-氯仿法抽提DNA,PCR扩增DYS413基因座,6％非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,1‰硝酸银(AgNO_3)染色分型。在120例内蒙古蒙古族男性人群中共检出30个不同的单倍型,其频率介于0.0007至0.01361之间,其HD(单倍型多样性)值为0.94054。表明DYS413基因座在内蒙古蒙古族人群中分布好,对法医学和人类遗传学研究具有重要价值。     

Inheritance of photoperiodic induction of larval diapause in the Asian corn borer Ostrinia furnacalis

The Asian corn borer Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée) enters facultative diapause as fully‐developed larvae in response to short‐day conditions. As a consequence of geographical variation in photoperiodic response, moths from Nanchang (28°46′N, 115°50′E) enter diapause in response to short day‐lengths (D strain), even at the high temperatures whereas moths from Ledong (18°47′N, 108°89′E) exhibit almost no diapause under the same conditions (N strain). In the present study, crosses between the two strains are used to evaluate the inheritance of diapause under different photoperiods at temperatures of 22, 25 and 28 °C. The moths, both reciprocal crosses and backcrosses, show a clear long‐day response, similar to that of the D strain, suggesting that the photoperiodic response controlling diapause in this moth is heritable. However, the critical day‐length for induction of diapause is shorter in hybrids than in the D strain. The N strain also shows a short‐day photoperiodic response at the lower temperature of 22 °C, indicating that the N strain still has the capacity to enter a photoperiodically‐induced diapause, depending on the rearing temperature. The incidence of diapause in all crosses is highest with D strain fathers or grandfathers and lowest with N strain fathers or grandfathers, indicating that the male parent has significantly more influence on the incidence of diapause of subsequent progeny than the female. The results obtained from all crosses under LD 12 : 12 h or LD 13 : 11 h photocycles at 25 °C show that inheritance of diapause in O. furnacalis does not fit an additive hypothesis and that the capacity for diapause is transmitted genetically in the manner of incomplete dominance.     

11种植物精油对6种植物病原真菌的抑菌活性研究

为筛选有效的植物杀菌成分,采用菌丝生长法,测定了香茅油、薰衣草油、菊花油、月桂油、柠檬油、广藿香油、肉桂油、天竺葵油、迷迭香油、茶树油、薄荷油对6种植物病原真菌的抑菌活性。发现在2 g/L的浓度下,上述11种精油对6种供试病菌均有明显的抑制作用,其中香茅油、肉桂油、天竺葵油、月桂油、茶树油和薄荷油对6种病原真菌的抑制率均为100%。剂量效应试验表明,肉桂油对灰葡萄孢（Botrytis cinerea）和禾谷镰孢菌（Fusariumgraminearum）的EC50值分别为29.05μg/mL和42.96μg/mL,而天竺葵油对灰葡萄孢（Botrytis cinerea）和禾谷镰孢菌（Fusarium graminearum）的EC50值分别为34.02μg/mL和68.48μg/mL。     

Nitric oxide promotes MPK6‐mediated caspase‐3‐like activation in cadmium‐induced Arabidopsis thaliana programmed cell death

Nitric oxide (NO), a vital cell‐signalling molecule, has been reported to regulate toxic metal responses in plants. This work investigated the effects of NO and the relationship between NO and mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) programmed cell death (PCD) induced by cadmium (Cd²⁺) exposure. With fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) analysis, caspase‐3‐like protease activation was detected after Cd²⁺ treatment. This was further confirmed with a caspase‐3 substrate assay. Cd²⁺‐induced caspase‐3‐like activity was inhibited in the presence of the NO‐specific scavenger 2‐(4‐carboxyphenyl)‐4,4,5,5‐tetramethylimidazoline‐1‐oxyl‐3‐oxide (cPTIO), suggesting that NO mediated caspase‐3‐like protease activation under Cd²⁺ stress conditions. Pretreatment with cPTIO effectively inhibited Cd²⁺‐induced MAPK activation, indicating that NO also affected the MAPK pathway. Interestingly, Cd²⁺‐induced caspase‐3‐like activity was significantly suppressed in the mpk6 mutant, suggesting that MPK6 was required for caspase‐3‐like protease activation. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration that NO promotes Cd²⁺‐induced Arabidopsis PCD by promoting MPK6‐mediated caspase‐3‐like activation.     

高等植物维生素C和维生素E代谢调控

维生素C和维生素E是植物自身合成的抗氧化剂,对植物发育具有重要调控作用。本文对近年来高等植物维生素C和维生素E合成途径、代谢调控、关键酶基因的克隆和转化进行了论述,分析两种维生素之间的相互作用,对该领域未来的研究方向进行了展望。     

铜绿丽金龟对不同光谱的行为反应

【目的】旨在获得铜绿丽金龟 Anomala corpulenta Motschulsky敏感的波谱范围及性别差异。【方法】本研究利用室内行为学的方法,测试了在波长为340~610 nm的14个单色光刺激下铜绿丽金龟的趋、避光行为反应,并计算趋、避光反应率曲线。【结果】观测显示,各单色光均能引起铜绿丽金龟产生一定的趋、避光反应,其雌雄虫的趋光敏感光区位于紫外光（405 nm）、蓝光（460 nm）和绿光区（505和570 nm）,性别对趋光行为有一定的影响,但是仅存在于趋光反应率曲线波峰的大小,而对波峰的位置没有影响。铜绿丽金龟的避光行为反应,在雌雄之间无明显的性别分化,其避光敏感光谱为紫外光（380 nm）、蓝光（440 nm）和绿光区（492和505 nm）。【结论】铜绿丽金龟成虫对不同波长光的趋性存在差异,性别对其光谱行为反应有一定的影响。该研究结果为铜绿丽金龟光视觉的深入研究奠定必要的理论基础,也为利用其趋光性对该金龟甲进行综合治理提供科学依据。